替代分建式消防水池的城市消防水源策略

分析了以分建式消防水池作为城市消防水源存在的问题,并提出了解决的对策,即因地制宜,利用市政给水管网、区域消防水池、非市政水等作为消防水源,以取消或减少分建式消防水池,达到既满足消防要求又节水节能的目的。     

喷水保护单片钢化玻璃作为防火分隔的有效性实验研究

为了研究喷水保护单片钢化玻璃作为防火分隔的有效性,针对建筑常用的12mm厚单片钢化玻璃,利用木垛火开展了实体建筑模拟火灾实验。实验结果表明,在喷水保护作用下,12mm厚单片钢化玻璃能够起到有效的防火分隔作用。     

油盘形状对细水雾灭火效果影响的研究

采用正庚烷为燃料,在长4.6 m,宽3.2 m,高4 m的空间内,对圆形和方形油盘在不同预燃时间条件下进行灭火实验,在实验过程中采用热电偶树和气体分析仪对火焰温度及火场氧气体积分数进行测量,得到不同油盘形状对细水雾灭火的影响规律.     

Cooling characteristics of hot oil pool by water mist during fire suppression

Generally water is not favored for use in suppressing hot liquid fuel fires due to concerns of vapor explosion and boil-over, which could present potential danger to nearby personnel or firefighters. This paper reports on a series of full-scale fire experiments in which water mist was used in extinguishing large hot cooking oil fires. It was shown that water mist not only extinguished large fires effectively but also cooled hot oil from its ignition point (up to 360 °C) to below its flash point (200 °C) in a short period of time and prevented the fire from re-igniting. No vapor explosion was observed in the experiments when water droplets touched the hot oil whose temperature was higher than the superheat-limited temperature of water. A boiling layer of mixed bubbles, water droplets and oil was formed in the hot oil after all flames were extinguished, as water droplets boiled, bubbled and expanded in the hot oil. No boil-over or spillage of the oil over the container was observed in the experiments when water mist was discharged into the oil at high temperature (>300 °C) but boil-over did occur in experiments when the water mist was discharged into oil at a relatively moderate temperature (∼200 °C). In this paper, the mechanisms of cooling of hot oil by water mist are investigated, and the formation and development of the boiling layer during cooling are analyzed both experimentally and theoretically.     

细水雾与固体木垛火相互作用的实验研究

为了更好地研究细水雾熄灭固体火焰的机理及其有效性 ,建立了单流低压细水雾灭火模拟实验平台 ,在 3m× 3m× 3m的受限空间中开展了一系列的灭火实验。实验过程中采用了两种不同功率的木垛火源 ,利用热电偶和红外热像仪对细水雾施加前后的火焰的温度场进行了实时观察研究 ,结果表明当细水雾的压力低于 0 .2 MPa时 ,细水雾不能有效地扑灭木垛火 ,当细水雾的压力较低时 ,喷嘴距火焰表面的距离和细水雾施加的流量是影响细水雾灭火有效性的关键因素 ;同时 ,功率越大的木垛火 ,越易被细水雾扑灭。     

超细水雾全尺寸灭火试验研究

采用超细水雾全淹没灭火装置在3m×3m×3m的全尺寸密闭空间内进行庚烷火灭火试验,从而验证超细水雾在较大密闭空间内灭庚烷火的适用性。试验采用200mL/min和500mL/min的超细水雾灭火装置同时施加超细水雾,试验火源分别使用40kW和120kW的庚烷火,产雾所用的水分别采用纯水和含碳酸氢钠的水溶液,通过四种不同工况验证超细水雾的灭火效果。试验结果表明,超细水雾可扑灭较大密闭空间内的庚烷火,NaHCO3能够显著增强超细水雾的灭火效果。     

Effect of initial conditions of modeled PDFs on droplet characteristics for coalescing and evaporating turbulent water spray used in fire suppression applications

Parametric studies were conducted for a coalescing and evaporating turbulent water spray using a stochastic separated flow technique that includes submodels for droplet dynamics, heat and mass transfer, and droplet–droplet binary collisions. While the initial droplet size distribution, in general, is not known due to the difficulty in the optical access to the nozzle exit region, the size distribution is modeled using the analytical PDFs (probability density functions) such as log-normal, Rosin–Rammler, Gaussian, and Nukiyama–Tanasawa distribution model. Standard deviation of the PDFs is varied and their effects on droplet size and speed distribution in the downstream are reported. The arithmetic mean droplet size at the nozzle exit, which is used as input for simulations, was extrapolated using the existing experimental data obtained at downstream locations.     

高压细水雾灭火系统在档案库的灭火试验研究

细水雾灭火系统已被建议用于保护对水敏感的区域,如档案库房。通过试验研究了细水雾灭火系统控制与扑灭档案库房火灾的可能性,并比较不同喷头形式的细水雾灭火系统在扑救档案库房火灾中的局限性,为细水雾灭火系统在档案库房内的推广应用提供建议。     

高位消防水箱设置探讨

结合GB 50045-95高层民用建筑设计防火规范,GB 50016-2006建筑设计防火规范,GB 50084-2001自动喷水灭火系统设计规范,对高位消防水箱设置的数量、方案进行了探讨,指出了高位水箱存在的问题,以指导相关设计工作。     

高层民用建筑室内消防水池设置及水质保护

结合我国高层民用建筑室内消防水池的设置及水质污染现状,对其进行了分析,为解决消防水池利用率低、防止水质污染及建筑室内水资源综合利用提出了一些可行性办法。     

城市消防给水系统主要技术参数及修订的建议

根据我国目前城市消防给水系统的现状 ,在对主要技术参数分析研究的基础上 ,提出了相应的修订建议     

浅谈消防水泵电气控制方案的确定

对消防水泵进行了介绍,针对合理选择和设计消防水泵自动控制方案的重要性,根据国家与行业现行有关防火规范,对消防水泵的电气控制方案进行了分析研究,从而使电气控制方案逐步实现规范化和标准化.     

消防给排水设计中的一些问题探析

对消防设计中遇到的消火栓,水泵接合器,消防水池,消防水箱等的设置问题进行了分析,从七个方面进行了论述,提出在实际中解决的方法,着重探讨了一些边缘性有争议的问题和具体的设计方法,以使消防给排水设计更加规范、合理。     

Experimental and numerical study on water mist suppression system on room fire

Full-scale experiment and numerical simulations are carried out on a room fire to study water mist suppression system with heat release rate of 6 MW. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire-driven fluid flow, FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), is used to solve numerically a form of the Navier–Stokes equations for fire. A fire experiment without water mist is performed and the temperatures are measured to validate the predictions of FDS code against the experimental data. Then a fire experiment with water mist suppression system is performed and the temperatures and extinguishing time are measured. The validated numerical model is used to simulate the experiment; the temperatures, oxygen concentration and extinguishing time are compared and studied. In numerical simulations, the cell size sensitivity is analyzed. The experimental results of temperatures and extinguishing time are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It appears that the numerical results are in good agreement (qualitatively) with the experimental data in temperature fields. These useful data can be helpful in accomplishing the design of water mist suppression system and the design regulations for fire safety management.     

机械排烟与水喷淋对仓室火灾控制效果的实验研究

研究了大空间建筑中仓室消防措施的有效性，按照规范设计的工况设计了全尺寸实验，研究了机械排烟和水喷淋对烟气层温度及高度的控制效果，并将结果与消防措施实效的情况下相比较，说明按照规范设计的消防措施能够有效的控制火灾，在规范设计基础上增大风机排烟量和水喷淋压力，取得了更加良好的效果，达到了灭火的目的。     

消防水带及接口抗拉强度试验研究

通过硅铝合金水带接口(Φ65和Φ80)的硬拉伸试验、水带拉伸滑移试验及两种材质消防水带(聚氨酯和PVC)的拉伸试验,研究水带接口和消防水带的抗拉性能。结果表明,水带接口受拉通常是在扣爪处发生脆性断裂,其中Φ65水带接口平均拉断载荷为13.2kN,Φ80平均拉断载荷为17.6kN;拉伸试验中,水带拉伸滑移载荷跟水带的直径大小无关,两种尺寸的消防水带发生滑移的平均荷载是16.0kN;Φ65消防水带整体拉伸时发生扣爪脆性断裂的可能性高,而Φ80消防水带整体拉伸发生水带滑移的几率更高,与材质无关。     

厨房油烟引起感烟火灾探测器误报实验研究

利用火灾探测综合模拟实验平台研究了厨房油烟引起的感烟火灾探测器误报，对厨房油烟与真实火灾烟气对感烟火灾探测器激励作用进行了比较，测定并分析了厨房油烟与真实火灾烟气中CO与CO2浓度的差异，为研究能抵抗厨房油烟干扰的复合火灾探测器提供了实验依据。     

某中学体育馆给排水消防设计

分析了某中学体育馆给排水消防的设计实例,结合现行有关设计及规程,从生活的给排水系统、消防给水系统、消防用水量及管材的用料等方面阐述了中学体育馆给排水消防的设计依据,为类似工程提供参考。     

风力发电机组火灾特性与消防系统试验研究

建立了国内唯一的风力发电机组火灾特性与消防系统模拟试验装置。在对机舱火灾危险性进行深入分析的基础上,进行了风电机舱大面积失火状态的火灾模拟试验。试验结果显示:风电机舱内部的温度场变化受进风和排风影响明显;吸气式烟雾探测系统能够可靠探测火灾烟气并实现火灾报警;全淹没超细干粉灭火方式可以有效地对风电机舱实施灭火保护。     

Experimental study of the effect of water spray on the spread of smoldering in Indonesian peat fires

Peatland fires remain a major contributor of environmental problems in Indonesia. Several studies on peat fire suppression have been conducted with multiple methods, such as quarrying, water spray, artificial rain, and foam spray. This research is focused on laboratory scaled experiments of Indonesian peat smoldering fire behaviour and suppression by a water mist system. The peat used in this work was obtained from two different locations, namely Papua and South Sumatra, Indonesia. During the suppression tests, the intensity of the water mist spray was varied by changing the distance between the nozzle and the peat surface. Meanwhile, the time periods of spray were 15 min (short period of suppression) and approximately 2 h for full suppression until the peat fire was extinguished. The peat temperature and the total mass lost during the smoldering reaction were recorded to get the burning rate ratio for each sample. The spread rate of the smoldering process was identified by the changes in the local temperatures of the peat bed. The results show that the spread rate of the smoldering combustion front was affected by particle size and permeability of peat material. The short duration of water suppression failed to extinguish the peat fires. A re-ignition phenomenon was identified due to the persistence of stored heat in the core of the peat. In addition, the total water required to fully suppress both peat fires is about 6 L/kg peat.