无刷直流电机电容储能型变换器的参数设计

The c-dump converter is a new converter topology developed recently for brushless DC motors. The equivalent circuit model is developed and the control characteristics of the brushless DC motor based on the c-dump converter are studied in this paper. Then, guidelines for the design of the converter are given and some related formulas are derived for the choices of its important parameters. Finally, experimental results from a laboratory prototype are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed guidelines for the design of c-dump converters.     

New Research on AC–AC Converters without Intermediate Storage and Their Applications in Power-Electronic Transformers and AC Drives

AC-AC converters (e.g. matrix converters) are mostly semiconductor solutions for applications where intermediate energy storage is eliminated. This paper summarizes the research done and being carried out at the University of Minnesota for applications in motor drives and power-electronic transformers with advanced features. This paper presents a carrier-based modulation method for matrix converters and its application during for both input unbalance and output over-modulation. Various topologies of matrix converter are described for both drives and power-electronic transformers. These topologies have some inherent benefits like common-mode voltage elimination across the bearings of the motor/generator and controllable power factor at the input side. Some of the described technologies require open-ended machines as load and thereby some advantages like enhanced output voltage (1.5 times the output of normal three terminal load) are achieved. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Analysis of a novel stator winding structure minimizing harmoniccurrent and torque ripple for dual six-step converter-fed high power ACmachines

Many attempts have been made to expand the application of AC motor drives to high-power levels. One way to use AC motor drives at high-power levels is to use multiple power converters together to supply power to a large machine. For a multiple converter combination scheme, the six-step power converter is competitive due to its robust structure and simplicity of control. In a previous study, an AC motor drive with dual stator windings fed by dual six-step converters was proposed. Two sets of electrically isolated windings are placed in the stator slots, and one set is shifted from the other by 30° in space. Two converters are used to power the dual windings, and the phase voltages from the two converters are also shifted 30° from each other in time. The 5th and 7th harmonics of the airgap flux and rotor currents are reduced dramatically, and the output torque from the drive is superior to that of the drive which is singly fed from a six-step converter. However, for each individual six-step converter, the 5th and 7th harmonic currents are found to be substantial and the functioning of the power converter evidently is deteriorated. In this paper, the authors propose a novel stator winding structure and control strategy to solve the power converter problem. Principles associated with the new stator winding are discussed and a practical implementation presented     

High Performance Control of Matrix Converter Fed Induction Motor Drive System

I Introduction Matrix converter(MC)is a modern energyconversion device that has been developed over the lastthree decades[1~5].Matrix converter fed motor drive issuperiorto pulse width modulation(PWM)inverter drivessince it provides bi-directional power f…     

Acoustic noise cancellation techniques for switched reluctancedrives

The levels of acoustic noise emitted by switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives are noted as being above those of competing variable speed drives. In other respects, the SRM drive offers distinct advantages. In a previous paper, the authors described a new technique for the cancellation of radial vibrations of the stator. This new technique was limited to power converters offering a zero voltage freewheel path. This paper describes further development of the technique which allows noise cancellation to be achieved with all types of power converter. The techniques disclosed in this paper include a smoothing method, a three-stage commutation method for converters with one switch per phase and a noise cancellation technique suitable for SRM drives incorporating an extended zero-voltage freewheel period for improved efficiency. The techniques are all compared, with experimental and simulated results     

Real-time digital simulation of power electronics systems with Neutral Point Piloted multilevel inverter using FPGA

Most of actual real time simulation platforms have practically about ten microseconds as minimum calculation time step, mainly due to computation limits such as processing speed, architecture adequacy and modeling complexities. Therefore, simulation of fast switching converters’ instantaneous models requires smaller computing time step. The approach presented in this paper proposes an answer to such limited modeling accuracies and computational bandwidth of the currently available digital simulators.As an example, the authors present a low cost, flexible and high performance FPGA-based real-time digital simulator for a complete complex power system with Neutral Point Piloted (NPP) three-level inverter. The proposed real-time simulator can model accurately and efficiently the complete power system, reducing costs, physical space and avoiding any damage to the actual equipment in the case of any dysfunction of the digital controller prototype. The converter model is computed at a small fixed time step as low as 100 ns. Such a computation time step allows high precision account of the gating signals and thus avoids averaging methods and event compensations. Moreover, a novel high performance model of the NPP three-level inverter has also been proposed for FPGA implementation. The proposed FPGA-based simulator models the environment of the NPP converter: the dc link, the RLE load and the digital controller and gating signals. FPGA-based real time simulation results are presented and compared with offline results obtained using PLECS software. They validate the efficiency and accuracy of the modeling for the proposed high performance FPGA-based real-time simulation approach. This paper also introduces new potential FPGA-based applications such as low cost real time simulator for power systems by developing a library of flexible and portable models for power converters, electrical machines and drives.     

Tapping on HVDC lines using DC transformers

This paper investigates a new topology for tap terminals on HVDC transmission, which is based on high-power DC/DC converters. The use of DC transformers brings benefits in terms of better resilience from tap system faults, more flexibility in power reversal, an additional control channel and lower costs for main AC/DC converter and transformer. The paper studies both options: using line commutated and voltage source converters as the main AC/DC tap converters. PSCAD simulation results are given for a 0.025 p.u. bidirectional tap on the 1000 MW CIGRE HVDC benchmark system. The simulation responses with a line commutated converter indicate ability to operate the tap terminal at neutral reactive power exchange over wide range of power levels and also excellent resilience to disturbances on the tap AC grid. The simulations with voltage source AC/DC converter also show excellent responses for wide range of inputs but the DC/DC converter becomes more complex. It is concluded that the proposed topology may provide means for wider access to the existing HVDC transmission links.     

两种高频交流环节AC/AC变换器比较研究

新颖的高频交流环节AC/AC变换器,包括基于Forward变换器的电压源型和基于Flyback变换器的电流源型两种。首次对两种高频交流环节AC/AC变换器的电路结构与拓扑、控制策略、原理特性、关键电路参数设计准则、原理样机等进行了深入的比较研究,获得了重要研究结论。相对于电压源型,电流源型变换器具有电路拓扑更简洁、输入电压范围更宽、输出波形质量更高、可靠性更高、成本更低、变换效率略低和适用于小功率变换场合等特点。两种高频交流环节AC/AC变换器的比较研究,为实现新型电子变压器、正弦交流稳压器和交流调压器提供了关键的技术依据。     

轻型功率变换器拓扑结构及其控制技术综述

首先概述了一般意义的功率变换器类型和常规开关型功率变换器拓扑结构。在检索国内外大量文献的基础上,首次提出轻型功率变换器的概念,并总结了业已提出的轻型功率变换器结构和控制方法,即矩阵变换器、减小直流电容的单PWM功率变换器、减小直流电容的双PWM型功率变换器、无直流电容的单PWM型功率变换器、无直流电容的双PWM型功率变换器等5大类。把针对常规功率变换器改进而设计的各种拓扑结构及其控制技术统一起来,以理想功率变换器作为这类装置的研究目标,具有理论和应用指导意义。     

基于半导体功率损耗的小型风电变换器可靠性研究

基于半导体功率损耗,针对小型风电永磁电机常用的Boost(Intermediate boost converter,IBC)、Buck-boost(Intermediate buck-boost converter,IBBC)、背靠背(Back-to-back converter,BBC)、矩阵(Matrix converter,MC)变换器可靠性进行分析,确定变换器在特定风速下的失效周期和可靠性。在统计学基础上,建立了变换器元件的故障率统一计算模型。通过计算电力电子器件的开关损耗和导通损耗,确定Boost变换器相对其他变换器具有最高的失效周期。同时确定出变换器组件中,逆变器可靠性是影响变换器可靠性最重要的因素。通过现场数据比较四种变换器可靠性和使用寿命,证明理论分析是正确的。     

基于矩阵变换器的异步电机直接转矩控制

在最近几年,矩阵变换器受到广泛的关注,但主要集中在矩阵变换器本身的研究.提出了一种适用于矩阵变换器供电的异步电动机调速系统的组合控制策略,同时实现了矩阵式变换器的空间矢量调制和异步电动机的定子磁场定向直接转矩控制.该控制策略将矩阵式变换器的良好性能和直接转矩控制的优点结合起来,实现了异步电动机的高性能控制,提高交流调速性能并满足节能要求.仿真结果表明:使用该控制策略的调速系统在加减速运行和负载转矩变化等场合均具有良好的动态性能.     

永磁直驱风电系统变流器拓扑分析

永磁直驱风电系统变流器为永磁同步发电机和电网的接口,对其常用的拓扑进行了详细的分析和说明,包括不控整流 逆变器、不控整流 DC/DC变换 逆变器、背靠背双PWM变换器等拓扑,对其工作原理、应用和优缺点进行了介绍和对比,并针对风电机组对大功率变流器的需求,对大功率拓扑结构的特性和应用进行了详细的介绍。不控整流 Boost变换 并网逆变器和背靠背双PWM变换器2种拓扑是目前的优选方案,多电平变换器因其优良的性能将具有良好的发展前景。     

三电平双向变换器

提出了一种新颖的三电平双向直流变换器。与传统的两电平双向直流变换器相比,该变换器具有结构简单,输入输出共地,易于控制;开关管电压应力仅为高电压端输入电压的一半;电感大大减小,从而提高变换器的动态响应等优点,因此非常适合于燃料电池、光伏发电和风力发电等分布式供电系统。该文分析了三电平双向变换器的工作原理,并详细给出了交错控制互补驱动、能量双向流动控制和飞跨电容电压控制的实现方法。该文最后通过一个1kW的原理样机验证了理论分析的正确性和控制策略的有效性。     

The parallel operation control of a modular AC to DC converter via serial communication bus

This paper presents the parallel operation control of a modular AC to DC converter via a serial communication bus. In the proposed system, multiple AC to DC converters are parallel‐connected at the output end for load current sharing. Each module of the AC to DC converter is controlled by its individual microcontroller. The microcontroller of each module is employed for the voltage control loop and communicates with the microcontrollers of the other converter modules. The RS485 serial communication is used to transmit information among the controllers, which checks the number of the converter module for calculating the input inductor current command of each converter module. Moreover, the clock signal is used for synchronization to prevent data collision on the serial communication bus. The proposed parallel operation control provides fast response when the converter module connects or disconnects according to the required power. The performance evaluation of the proposed system is conducted by simulation and experimental verification on two parallel isolated CUK converters. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

两种矩阵变换器的调制策略比较仿真研究

矩阵变换器是实现"绿色"电源变频器最具发展前景的技术方案,研究与开发矩阵变换器具有重要的意义。矩阵变换器可分为常规的单级和双级两种拓扑结构,文章通过仿真来综合比较这两种矩阵变换器的调制策略,即将单级矩阵变换器的开关函数调制策略、SVPWM调制策略与双级矩阵变换器的SVPWM的调制策略进行比较研究,并在双级矩阵变换器的逆变级采用了合理插入零矢量的调制方式。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真软件验证它们的调制策略的可行性,并进行综合比较与分析,证明了双级矩阵变换器具有更好的性能,对矩阵变换器及其调制策略的选取具体一定的参考价值。     

双输入Buck变换器的交错双沿调制方法

在多种新能源联合供电系统中,采用多输入直流变换器代替多个单输入直流变换器,能够简化电路结构,降低系统成本.首先分析了双输入Buck变换器的输入输出关系,它只决定于两只开关管的占空比,而与驱动信号的相位无关.然后分析了两只开关管的驱动信号之间的相位差与电感电流纹波的关系,采用交错双沿调制方法,使得电感电流纹波最小,由此可以提高变换器的动态响应速度和功率密度.搭建了一个400W的原理样机,实验结果验证了交错双沿调制方法的有效性.     

谐振开关电容变换器中潜电路现象的研究

潜电路是潜伏在系统中的一种通路或状态,它在一定条件下出现并导致系统产生非预想到的特性.该文在降压式谐振开关电容变换器中发现潜电路现象,其特点是在控制策略完全不变的情况下,仅由电路扰动就会导致潜电路现象发生.文中从理论上分析了产生该潜电路现象的原因,证明了它是一种在过去研究中未曾观察到的新现象,推导得出了潜电路的发生条件及相应的变换器运行特性,并基于潜电路的回路特征,提出消除潜电路的相关措施,并将这一结果推广到其它类型的谐振开关电容变换器.实验结果证实了这一发现和理论分析结果.     

Principle of a Dual Current Source Converter for AC Motor Drives

The principle of operation of a dual current source converter is briefly explained. The combination of two single current source converters (SCSC) to form a ``dual (duplex) current source converter' (DCSC) is proposed. The DCSC is shown to have the following merits: 1) it retains all the advantages of the SCSC; 2) it reduces the harmonic content of the current waveform considerably; and 3) since the load current is shared equally between two current source converters, ratings of the individual components employed in the circuit are considerably lowered. A DCSC can be an attractive choice for sophisticated large horsepower drives where a good performance of the drive rather than cost is a prime factor. An open-loop control scheme employing the DCSC for an ac motor drive has been successfully implemented in the laboratory. Oscillograms of the improved load current waveforms are shown.     

Implementation of a single-phase matrix converter induction motor drive

This paper presents an implementation of a single-phase matrix converter for a variable speed single-phase induction motor. The paper analyzes the characteristics of a single-phase ac–ac converter drive with particular emphasis on the harmonic content, input voltage utilization and variable speed performance of the motor. Both square and sinusoidal wave modulation signals in PWM generation have been used to demonstrate the effect of the modulating signal on the input voltage utilization and output harmonic content. Simulation and experimental results for an R–L and induction motor loads are presented. Promising results illustrate that a good performance of a single-phase induction motor fed by a matrix converter is achievable.     

基于氮化镓场效应晶体管的高性能48 V总线电源

48 V电源架构在数据中心电源系统中的推广激发了人们对具有更高效率和功率密度的先进电源解决方案的极大兴趣。具有超低寄生电容和导通电阻的氮化镓场效应晶体管GaN FET(gallium nitride field effect transistor)开辟了一种新方法 ,可实现前所未有的转换器性能和小型化。评估了采用与适当功率等级相对应的各种拓扑结构的48 V电源架构的DC-DC电源转换中的GaN FET。首先涵盖GaN FET的开关特性分析;然后将GaN FET用于开发各种48 V降压转换器,从同步降压、多电平和多相转换器到LLC谐振转换器;最后提供了选择合适GaN FET的指南。与传统基于MOSFET的转换器相比,这些基于GaN FET的转换器在不增加成本的情况下功率效率和功率密度显著提高。