蒸气压缩式冷水机组生产能耗和资源消耗分析

采用厂家调研、产品样本数据和相关资料分析相结合的方法,对一些不同品牌、不同类型的蒸气压缩式空调冷水机组的材料资源消耗和生产能耗进行定量分析,得到了常用冷水机组的材料组成、耗材系数和生产能耗数据,这些研究结果为建筑空调寿命周期能耗及环境影响评价、设计方案优选和节材工作提供了重要的基础数据.     

农村生活用水量现状调查及影响因素分析

对比了青岛市农村自测人均生活用水量与实际人均用水量,结果表明：自测人均日用水量为实际人均日用水量的28．13％～81．29％,52％的被调查村民认为其生活用水量在30L／（人·d）以下,远小于实地调查的平均值77L／（人·d）,说明多数村民对其日常用水量估计偏低。村庄的工业产值比重、水费的收取和供水时间的长短都是影响农村用水量的因素,它们的单项影响程度分别为231％,184％和159％。     

南京国际社区社会空间特征及其形成机制——基于对苜蓿园大街周边国际社区的调查

伴随着全球化进程的不断推进,当代国际跨国移民现象愈演愈烈,跨国社会空间应运而生.本文首先分析南京国际社区的发展演化历史及其空间布局特征,发现近年来国际社区发展迅速,已初步形成3个涉外居住圈.其次,结合质性访谈与调查问卷对苜蓿园大街周边国际社区的社会空间做进一步深入分析,发现国际社区推进聚居区族裔经济的发展,国际居民的居住、行商、消费等行为与本地社会的联系日益紧密.最后从宏观、中观、微观3个层次对国际社区社会空间形成因素做进一步总结分析,希望为南京以及其他城市国际社区的发展提供借鉴.     

Energy consumption modeling analysis and environmental impact assessment of model house in Thessaloniki—Greece

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the annual energy consumption of an existing house in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. The software tool HOT2000 was employed for this purpose. This work involves the prediction of the annual energy cost in the monetary units of euro. Hence, the estimated outputs are compared to the actual values retrieved from the annual utility bills in order to check the accuracy of the estimated results with the real values during the year. In this work, life cycle analysis of the fuel used is included and the environmental impact assessment is being calculated. The emission of the electricity production are all recorded and used in the analysis. It has been shown that climatic conditions and the type of building materials play a crucial role in energy savings.     

传统污水处理厂节能降耗的措施

以宁波市江东北区污水处理厂为例,根据该厂的工艺和设备特点,从生产电耗、药耗、中水回用等角度出发,在追求出水水质达标排放前提下,探讨了传统污水处理厂节能降耗的措施,以实现降低处理成本的目的。     

中央空调系统运行工艺的能耗分析

分析了中央空调系统各环节设备的工作原理、能耗特点，介绍了中央空调系统的运行工艺过程，提出了冷却水泵、制冷机和冷却塔在每一负荷下都存在着最佳匹配关系的观点，从而提供了明确的研究目标。     

天津神户公共建筑能耗调查及空调制冷系统节能分析

调查显示天津公共建筑是在低功能，低水平上，高能耗运行。天津建筑节能应渗透到政策、设计、设备及物业设施管理等方面，共同提高建筑能源利用率。     

基于“此时此地”的生态住区实践策略——以上海崇明节能住宅示范小区为例

以崇明向明厂地块节能住宅示范项目为例,针对生态节能住宅在规划实践中遇到的一些问题,提出适应地区"此地"地理气候特点的生态节能住宅规划设计实践策略和基于地区"此时"经济发展水平的生态节能技术选择分级策略,籍此对上海生态节能住宅的规划与设计进行探索和思考.     

Analysis of chemicals and energy consumption in water and wastewater treatment,as cost components: Case study of Oslo,Norway

Adopting a systems-approach to an urban water and wastewater system, while applying a triple bottom line strategy to management, entails a careful analysis of all the sub-systems and components thereof with a view to improving service levels, optimising expenditure, augmenting investments, and also reducing the life-cycle environmental impacts associated with setting up, maintaining and operating the system. The scope for optimising expenses is system-wide, though it varies from one sub-system to another, depending on inherent lock-ins and external factors beyond the direct control of the water and wastewater utility. Optimising the consumption of energy and chemicals and improving the cost-efficiency thereof, is always on the agenda of water treatment plants (WTPs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper analyses the consumption of and the expenditure on chemicals and energy at Oslo's WTPs and WWTPs over time. Energy and chemicals for water and wastewater treatment, on an average account for 10.8% of the total operational expenses in the water supply sub-system and 13.7% for the wastewater handling sub-system. There is a perceptible increase in this share from 5.2% in 2004 to 14.9% in 2009 for water and 12.3% to 14.2% for wastewater. Chemicals cost more than energy for the WWTPs, while it was the other way round for the WTPs. The total real cost of energy and chemicals per cubic metre, in year-2007 currency, was between 4 and 5.2 Euro cents for the WTPs, and between 1 and 4.5 Euro cents for the WTPs. The total (WTP + WWTP) per-capita real costs of energy and chemicals, expressed in year-2007 currency, rose from around 10 Euros in year 2000 to about 12.2 Euros in year 2007.     

养老设施中不同身心特护老人的行为特征与场所偏好研究——以杭州市J设施为例

针对养老设施中情况不同的特护老人被均一化对待的问题,本研究以身心状态作为依据对特护老人进行分类,考察他们在混居的生活环境中不同的行为特征和场所偏好,以及行为和空间选择之间的内在联系,提出对养老设施设计和管理的建议。     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑空调方式的能耗评价

利用DeST软件模拟计算了夏热冬冷地区某一典型居住建筑的全年8760h逐时空调负荷值;考虑空调设备变工况和变负荷率情况下的二次能耗,计算了6种常见住宅空调方式的全年能耗值;利用空调能耗指标CEC,对住宅空调方式进行了能耗评价。     

夏热冬冷地区外墙构造对住宅能耗的影响

使用清华大学研发的建筑能耗模拟软件DeST-h,对夏热冬冷地区5个代表性城市的典型住宅建筑进行动态能耗模拟,分析了不同外墙构造(不同传热系数K)与建筑能耗的变化规律,研究表明:夏热冬冷地区外墙传热系数与全年耗电量有很强的正线性相关性。     

环境参数与空调行为对住宅空调能耗影响调查分析

通过对北京市一栋住宅楼夏季空调能耗的调查测试,分析了室外气候环境、空调行为模式与住宅空调能耗的关系,以及住宅空调行为节能的效果,得到室外环境参数与全楼耗电量的关系。测试结果表明,室内空调温度对空调能耗的影响较大,空调室温从25℃提高到26℃,空调能耗减少约23%,空调运行期间开启内门可使空调能耗增加1.4倍,因此住宅空调行为节能的潜力很大。     

景观结构框架下的城市设计方法初探——以佛山市中心组团新城区规划与城市设计国际竞赛为例

佛山市中心组团新城区规划与城市设计利用景观系统作为规划的结构框架,由沿河自然绿地与跨河城市公园"十"字交叉形成主轴线,由沿城市小水道的绿色空间形成次级景观网络元素,采用具有弹性的方格网道路系统,并在此框架下设置城市复合功能.     

风景旅游地聚居比与建设强度规划研究--以鼓浪屿发展概念规划国际咨询为例

鼓浪屿作为鼓浪屿-万石山国家重点风景名胜区的重要组成部分、国内著名的岛屿旅游地和环境优美的居住地,在旅游发展大潮中面临着发展风景旅游与保护人居环境的矛盾冲突.该文基于鼓浪屿居住环境、聚集环境、聚居环境特征与现状问题分析,从聚居比概念含义的深入分析入手,探讨在鼓浪屿开发建设量、环境承载力十分有限的条件下,如何通过调整聚居活动的比例与强度关系,达到风景旅游拓展与人居环境保护的协调持续发展.     

季冻区路基冻胀影响因素分析及防治措施研究

对哈尔滨市路基病害类型进行了调查分析,在此基础上对路基粘土进行了不同条件下的闭式冻胀模拟试验,结果表明:在闭式冻胀单因素条件下,高的含水率、压实度和低的冻结温度均有利于冻胀;排水系统设置、置换填土法和提高路面整体强度与刚度的方法适合于季冻区路基冻胀病害防治。     

适应气候的江南传统建筑营造策略初探——以苏州同里古镇为例

传统聚落的营建反映出一系列朴素的从指导思想、规划建筑到房屋营造的生态应对策略,体现出人居环境营建的地域性生态应对的独特经验和价值。本文拟以同里古镇为例,分析江南传统城镇建筑针对本地地理与气候条件,形成独特的城镇建筑形态,营造建筑内外舒适的风环境、热环境以及建筑防潮防水和安全防火等方面的传统营造经验和技术策略,以期对当下生态技术的地域性特点和适宜性运用研究有所启示。     

A study on a porous residential building model in hot and humid regions: Part 1—the natural ventilation performance and the cooling load reduction effect of the building model

This study targets environmental load reduction in hot and humid regions. It reveals the effects that porous residential buildings have on the natural ventilation performance and, consequently, the cooling load reduction. Two residential building models, namely a model with a void ratio of 0% and a model with a void ratio of 50%, are evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and thermal and airflow network analysis. The analysis on components of the heat load indicates that improvements in the natural ventilation performance would significantly reduce the cooling load.     

Cross the River by Touching the Stones: Chinese Architecture and Political Economy in the Reform Era: 1978-2008

China's Open Door Policy and economic development set in motion in 1978 can be regarded as the triumph of pragmatism over theory - specifically Chairman Mao's brand of Marxist theory. Tao Zhu traces the progress of reform over the last 30 years, and its impact on Chinese architectural culture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.