A study on energy performance of hotel buildings in Singapore

This paper presents a study on energy performance of Singapore's hotel buildings. Energy consumption data and other pertinent information were collected from 29 quality hotels through a national survey. Building features and operational characteristics contributing to the variations in hotel energy performance were discussed. The annual average total energy use intensity (EUI) in these hotels is 427 kWh/m². Electricity and gas are used in all sampled hotels, and some hotels also use diesel to power standby generator or hot water boiler. We also investigated relationships between electricity consumption and number of occupied rooms in individual hotels; the weak correlations found indicate it is necessary to improve energy management when occupancy rate is low. Besides, Pearson correlations between hotel energy use intensity and possible explanatory indicators revealed that three-star hotels differ from high class establishments in energy use. Worker density and years after the last major energy retrofit were also found to be highly correlated to hotel building energy use intensity. Also discussed in this paper is the effect of weather conditions on electricity consumption of the hotels.     

Energy and water uses and their performance explanatory indicators in hotels in Hong Kong

This paper firstly presents a case study on analyzing the electrical load profiles recorded in a Hong Kong hotel over a period of 12 months to examine the potential energy saving opportunities (ESOs) in its building services installations. The case study is followed by a report of the survey results of energy and water use in 36 quality hotels in Hong Kong. Finally, a regression analysis where the surveyed energy and water use data were correlated to a number of hotel background or operational parameters to search for suitable energy and water use performance explanatory indicators is presented. The survey results depict a diversified energy and water use situation in Hong Kong’s hotels, but the regression analysis indicates that, while some of the correlations obtained are weak, there do exist a few strong energy and water explanatory indicators.     

经济型酒店能源基准工具研究

我国经济型酒店能源目前常用 EUI（用能强度）单位面积能耗表示,但是将来用 EUI 代理成为发展趋势,在某些发达国家已被广泛采用。讨论了应用酒店能源基准工具应注意的问题。该能源基准利用多元线性回归分析,将 EUI 作为因变量,将若干能耗影响因素作为自变量,应用最小二乘拟合回归方程作为能源基准。该能源基准评价最终用能源利用率（能效比）表示,它是实际 EUI 与预测 EUI 二者之比的百分数。实际 EUI 根据现场能源计算获得,预测 EUI 根据回归方程计算获得。并给出两个能源基准的评价实例。     

XENIOS—a methodology for assessing refurbishment scenarios and the potential of application of RES and RUE in hotels

Hotels rank in the highest levels of energy consumption in the tertiary building sector. Improved service quality mandates that hotel building, facilities and installations are maintained to the highest standards in order to remain competitive, thus renovations are becoming common. Renovation is usually financially attractive when compared to demolition and reconstruction. This offers great opportunities for promoting energy efficient measures, exploitation of renewable energy sources (RES) and rational use of energy (RUE) in the hotel sector. The XENIOS methodology and software permits the user to perform a preliminary hotel audit and make a first assessment of cost-effective energy efficient renovation practices, technologies and systems. This paper presents a brief overview of the methodology and the various features of the XENIOS software and focuses on the results from four audits and a pilot study carried out in Mediterranean hotels.     

夏热冬暖地区星级酒店空调冷凝热回收系统

结合酒店的空调能耗状况及冷热负荷特点,对酒店空调采用冷水机组冷凝热回收系统的节能性和必要性进行了探讨。以某五星级酒店空调工程为例,介绍了其空调热回收系统的优化设计。增大了热回收系统的供回水温差,同时采取热水罐串级连接,对水温进行分层,有效地实现了热水的梯级利用及顺序利用。经分析,该优化系统更加充分地利用了冷水机组的冷凝热,更加节能,而且供水温度比较稳定。     

空间 体验 设计 湖北武汉光谷希尔顿酒店设计

文章通过对武汉光谷希尔顿酒店的解析,力求探索大型度假酒店设计中的四个方面:大型度假酒店的服务要求对流线组织模式的影响以及对总体布局模式的探讨,度假酒店的空间体验性,从方案到建成的完成度把控,酒店设计总协调模式。     

包头市星级酒店空调冷热源比较分析

对包头市三座星级酒店建筑中空调冷热源方案进行了比较和分析,并计算三座酒店冷热源单位面积能耗和单位面积造价,得出酒店所选择的电动式冷水机组＋自备蒸汽锅炉房为最佳方案。     

酒店软件产品服务清洁生产效绩评估体系研究

本文依据循环经济发展模式的绿色酒店评估体系框架原理,建立起绿色酒店数学表达式,其中将酒店环境质量作为硬件产品服务质量的获得,将酒店清洁生产效绩作为软件产品服务质量的获得,将能源消耗和对环境的影响破坏作为酒店的付出,将酒店的获得与付出的比值作为收益来反映酒店的绿色化程度。而后利用层次分析法建立起酒店软件产品服务清洁生产效绩评估指标体系、指标赋权,通过对酒店经济—能源—环境系统投入产出的分析和能耗寿命周期的分析,确定评估指标标准,并对国内有代表性的8家酒店软件产品服务清洁生产效绩进行试评估,评估方法可行。评估结果显示酒店之间效绩差距很大、整体落后,急需改进。     

福建省宾馆饭店和商场超市能源限额值研究

在调查分析福建省91家宾馆饭店、42家大型商场、10家大型超市能耗数据的基础上．研究福建省宾馆饭店和商场超市建筑能耗的限额值、准入值和先进值,提倡以科学务实的方式将建筑节能工作引入正常发展的轨道。     

Hotel attributes and hedonic prices: an analysis of internet-based transactions in Singapore’s market for hotel rooms

A number of valued attributes determine the room rates that hotels charge. These attributes include not only room quality characteristics, but also access to various shared hotel facilities, service quality, and access to amenities beyond the hotel itself. Using a hedonic price function approach, this paper reports estimated implicit prices for hotel room attributes in Singapore. Real transaction prices are regressed against objective attributes and consumer perceptions, as reported by an on-line travel agency. Most objective characteristics are significant in all functional specifications, and consumer perceptions explains much of the variability within a given star-rating (3, 4 or 5) of the hotel.     

上海市星级宾馆用水定额制订研究

星级宾馆是现代城市公共用水的主要用户,用水总量大,用水环节多,不同星级用水量层次差距明显,与顾客用水行为关系紧密,存在一定浪费现象。在节水优先,实行非居民用户超定额累进加价制度的情况下,有必要针对宾馆行业制订体现上海城市特点和不同星级要求的,具有科学性、先进性和实用性的用水定额标准。根据国家技术导则相关要求,通过大样本实地调查、典型性分析、水平衡测试分析,参考国内外相关用水标准,综合拟定了上海市五星级、四星级、三星级和二星级及以下的宾馆用水通用定额值分别为1100、832、480、365 L/(床·d),先进定额值分别为1017、746、256、106 L/(床·d),并提出了相关修订建议。     

某公共建筑外围护结构节能潜力分析

以夏热冬冷地区某酒店为例,对建筑全年的空调动态负荷及能耗进行了计算分析。给出了采用几种不同方案时建筑及房间的负荷和能耗计算结果,分析了夏热冬冷地区宾馆类公共建筑外围护结构的节能潜力。     

Simulation of a building and its HVAC system with an equation solver: Application to audit

A series of building energy simulation tools are being developed to help the building energy auditor in establishing his diagnosis (including benchmarking and detailed analysis of actual energy consumption) and in evaluating the selected energy conservation opportunities (ECOs). A first simulation tool, dedicated to benchmarking, has been presented in a previous paper. The present paper focuses on the second simulation tool, dedicated to inspection and evaluation of ECOs. This Building-HVAC System global model includes simplified models of building zones and of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) equipment. Only a limited number of easily identifiable parameters are required. The simplicity of the models and the use of an equation solver to run the simulation ensure good robustness and full transparency. The development, the implementation and the application of these models are discussed. Focus is also given to the calibration of the tools to monthly utility bills.     

天津京蓟圣光万豪酒店运营碳足迹研究

以国内首家三星级绿色建筑运行标识酒店——天津京蓟圣光万豪酒店为例构建了酒店运行阶段碳足迹模型,引入了客人碳足迹对酒店客人人均碳排放指标进行量化,并开发了碳足迹记录软件。本酒店理论碳减排19.7%,经过全年实际运营数据分析,酒店能源消耗碳排放强度为105.25 kgCO_2/(m~2·a),较普通酒店碳排放降低了35.63%,客房区域客人碳排强度为10.32~15.51 kgCO_2/(p·a),酒店客人人均碳排放强度为48.76 kgCO_2/(p·a),空调碳排放和照明碳排放是降低酒店碳排放的重点,研究内容为探索低碳酒店运行提供了参考。     

Indoor radon levels in selected hot spring hotels in Guangdong, China

Guangdong is one of the provinces that have most hot springs in China, and many hotels have been set up near hot springs, with spring water introduced into the bath inside each hotel room for hot spring bathing to attract tourists. In the present study, we measured radon in indoor and outdoor air, as well as in hot spring waters, in four hot spring hotels in Guangdong by using NR-667A (III) continuous radon detector. Radon concentrations ranged 53.4-292.5 Bq L(-1) in the hot spring water and 17.2-190.9 Bq m(-3) in outdoor air. Soil gas intrusion, indoor hot spring water use and inefficient ventilation all contributed to the elevated indoor radon levels in the hotel rooms. From the variation of radon levels in closed unoccupied hotel rooms, soil gas intrusion was found to be a very important source of indoor radon in hotel rooms with floors in contact with soils. When there was spring water bathing in the bathes, average radon levels were 10.9-813% higher in the hotel rooms and 13.8-489% higher in bathes compared to their corresponding average levels when there was no spring water use. Spring water use in the hotel rooms had radon transfer coefficients from 1.6x10(-4) to 5.0x10(-3). Radon in some hotel rooms maintained in concentrations much higher than guideline levels might thus have potential health risks to the hotel workers, and technical and management measures should be taken to lower their exposure of radon through inhalation.     

城市化进程中水资源供需趋势分析

在阐述我国城市化发展特点及现状的基础上，从总用水量、用水结构及用水设施的变化几个方面，探讨了我国总体水资源供需变化趋势及城市用水量总体变化趋势，为进一步制定城市水资源规划及管理政策提供借鉴。     

酒店餐饮垃圾及含能损失分析

调查了我国有代表性的八家酒店垃圾种类和数量现状,重点分析了餐饮服务中间生产过程和最终服务过程垃圾重量比例分布和能耗比例分布以及垃圾含能损失问题,为优化酒店餐饮服务系统清洁生产方案和实施清洁生产效绩评估提供参考。     

高级旅馆空调系统改造方案

本文通过对某高级别墅式旅馆空调改造过程中方案的确定进行分析，指出空调改造中应如何充分利用原有设施，使改造后空调系统能满足星级宾馆的卫生标准和温湿度要求，达到少投资、节能、高效的目的，收到预期效果。     

精品酒店的文化特色定位与设计表达

2000年以后,精品酒店的概念进入我国并开始迅速发展。然而在数量激增的情况下,大量的精品酒店在设计中却难以把握“精品”的真正含义,缺乏对其深层次的文化特质的定位与表达,违背了其设计初衷。该文从目前我国精品酒店文化特色定位与设计中存在的问题入手,研究精品酒店的文化特色定位的影响因素。通过国内外优秀精品酒店案例的分析归纳,探索体现其文化特色的定位与设计表达方式,为我国精品酒店的良性发展提供可借鉴的方法与对策。     

The Boutique Hotel Industry in South Africa: Definition,Scope, and Organization

South Africa’s hotel industry has attracted only limited academic writings. This paper focuses on the emergence and development of boutique hotels. In common with the international tourism economy, the contemporary hotel industry of South Africa is experiencing increased differentiation of new product offerings. The boutique hotel represents a new element within the South African hotel sector. Developers of boutique hotels have sought to distinguish this new tourism product in terms of its experiential qualities with strong emphasis placed upon the production of high levels of design, ambience, and offerings of personalized service. Mainly patronized by European tourists, the spatial pattern of these small hotel properties is distinctive with Cape Town, the major focus for their development. Key issues facing boutique hotels relate to the lack of recognition by the national grading authority of their distinctive experiential qualities.