共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Paul A. Croce William L. Grosshandler Richard W. Bukowski Louis A. Gritzo 《Fire Safety Journal》2008,43(3):234-236
The International FORUM of Fire Research Directors (FORUM) periodically takes a position on a technical issue of international significance confronting the fire safety research community. The position of the FORUM on performance-based regulations, codes and design for fire safety applications, and the rationale leading to it, is described in this paper. Aspects addressed include current capabilities and challenges associated with the application of performance-based design, and possible enhancements (obtained through a coordinated and sustained global effort of research) in next generation tools leading to more certain predictions of the effects on performance of changes in building materials, active and passive fire protection systems, compartmentation, and egress systems; the structural response of a building to large fires including those leading to full building burnout; the impact of fire on neighboring buildings and infrastructure; and the uncertainty in deterministic predictions for incorporation into reliable probabilistic calculations of hazard and risk. 相似文献
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我国火灾形势与消防科学技术的发展 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
20世纪50年代以来,我国火灾直接经济损失随着经济社会的发展有较大幅度的上升.80年代以后,火灾伤亡人数明显下降,但群死群伤火灾问题比较突出.近年来,我国火灾形势基本稳定.在各级政府、公安消防部门和全社会的努力下,推进了消防科技的研究和应用.目前,我国已经形成了一支以公安部直属四个消防研究所、中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室及其他消防科研院所和大型消防企业为主体,相关教育科研单位和人员为补充的消防科技力量.90年代以来,我国开展了火灾探测报警与灭火技术、建筑耐火性能和防火技术、火灾模化技术及性能化消防安全设计、城市消防规划与灭火救援、消防标准化、火灾动力学演化与防治基础等方面的研究,并重点进行了高层建筑火灾预防与扑救技术、地下与大空间建筑火灾预防及控制技术、城市火灾与重大化学灾害事故防范与控制技术等项目的研究.在未来五年中,我国将重点开展火灾动力学理论与火灾风险理论、城市区域火灾风险与消防安全保障能力评估技术、新型消防设施及工程应用技术、消防装备与器材的现代化、建筑结构耐火性能评价与抗火设计技术、人在火场中的行为特征、火灾数据库和消防经济学与性能化消防工程方法等方面的研究. 相似文献
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Due to the fast developments of large-space multi-functional architectures, large-span steel structures have been widely used in recent years. Therefore, the fire-resistance design of this kind of structures has attracted more attentions. Since traditional ISO834 standard fire curve is not suitable for large space structures, performance-based fire resistance design method is required. This paper presents the comprehensive case studies on the fire performance of a large space exhibition centre in Shanxi province, China under real fire scenarios including heating and cooling phases. The non-uniform fire temperature fields of the large space exhibition centre for the designed fire scenarios have been generated by using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). A finite element (FE) model has been developed using FE software ANSYS for modelling the structural behaviour of the exhibition centre under different fire scenarios. Based on the results generated in this research some recommendations for the fire resistance design of large space steel truss structures have been proposed. 相似文献
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车用乙醇汽油及其火灾的防范与扑救 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
从改善能源结构、促进农业生产和消费、环境保护等方面,分析了我国推广使用车用乙醇汽油的战略意义,结合公安部天津消防研究所开展的车用乙醇汽油灭火试验研究,讨论了车用乙醇汽油的火灾危险性和防范措施,从泡沫灭火剂的选择、泡沫供给强度的确定、灭火技术装备等方面,对车用乙醇汽油火灾的扑救进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Peter Johnson 《Fire Technology》1996,32(4):297-307
Australia is quickly moving toward adopting performance-based regulations for building fire safety. This approach offers owners and designers more flexibility, greater opportunity for innovation, and more cost-effective construction.To help introduce a performance approach, the Fire Code Reform Centre has developedFire Engineering Guidelines, which document an agreed methodology for performance-based design and draws on earlier Australian research and similar developments in a number of countries.The guidelines are the first step in a broader research program to develop a full risk assessment methodology as the basis for fire safety design in Australia. 相似文献
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随着生活水平的提高,商业建筑越来越在人们的日常生活中占据了重要地位。与此同时,商业建筑的火灾也带来了经济和生命安全上的危险。我国现行的防火规范主要为《建筑设计防火规范》(GB50016-2014),是针对普遍性的建筑,商业建筑因人们对其特殊的需求,具有其特殊性,通常具有体量大、结构复杂、可燃物多、功能复杂等特点。本文从研究目的、商业建筑的火灾特点和疏散影响因素、现行的综合性商业建筑安全疏散设计等方面对综合性商业建筑防火疏散做出研究,为提出性能化防火设计新思路作好铺垫工作。 相似文献
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商业综合体消防性能化评估是在火灾学和消防安全工程学的基础上产生的,研究重点为判定标准、评估流程、火灾场景设计和模拟结果的计算分析。阐述如何对消防性能化设计进行评估检验,提出方案的优化措施,以更好地应用于商业综合体的开发实践。 相似文献
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建筑设计中的性能化防火设计初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
性能化防火设计是当前国内外消防科技领域中撮前沿的研究方向之一,但在建筑设计领域中还没有引起设计人员的普遍关注。对建筑设计中的性能化防火设计的理念及应用做了初步探讨,拟对性能化防火设计理念的推广起到抛砖引玉的作用,使我国建筑防火设计规范更趋科学化、合理化。 相似文献
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分析了火灾原因和火灾事故责任认定纳入司法审查后,给公安消防机构带来的问题,并提出解决这些问题的方法,强调了证据的提取程序和火场勘查笔录的制作程序。 相似文献