民用建筑照明节能措施浅析

电气节能是建筑节能中不可忽略的重要组成部分,照明节能设计又是整个电气节能中重要的组成部分,文中阐述了照明节能设计中的几点措施;自然光利用、风光互补照明、高效节能光源选择、照明控制及根据《建筑照明设计标准》规范设计的节能措施。以期在提高照明效率,保证照明质量的前提下节约照明用电从而达到节约能源、提高能源利用效率的目的。     

An experience on integrating monitoring and simulation tools in the design of energy-saving buildings

In this paper we describe the design and thermal behaviour of a bioclimatic Auditorium at the National University of La Pampa, used for teaching activities in Santa Rosa, La Pampa (Argentina). The building was monitored in winter and simulated with SIMEDIF for Windows, a code developed at the Non Conventional Energy Research Institute (INENCO, Argentina). Then, a new project of a similar building was proposed for General Pico city, and the obtained physical model was used to simulate the building under the summer temperatures of the new city. The building was redesigned and passive solar strategies were applied to reduce heating and cooling loads. The final layout and the monitored thermal behaviour of the new building in winter and summer are described. Without additional costc, the new building savings were 50% in heating requirements respect to the conventional layout, and 70% in the requirements of conventional energy for cooling.     

南京"两季"气候特征下热舒适建筑节能对策

节能结合气候是夏热冬冷地区热舒适建筑节能值得注意的问题。针对近年南京“两季”气候之说,分析成因,提出了在此气候条件下争取热舒适的建筑节能对策。     

LCC analysis for energy-saving in residential buildings with different types of construction masonry blocks

Space heating in cold climates requires large quantities of heat energy to be spent. Therefore, considerable energy-savings can be obtained using construction wall materials with low thermal conductivity in the buildings. In this study, an economic analysis (LCC analysis) was performed in order to estimate the optimum thickness, saving and pay-back period which minimizes the total cost including the masonry material and the energy consumption costs. The LCC analysis was carried out for external walls of buildings in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. Considering long term and current outdoor air temperature records, degree-days (DD) values were used, and the variation of annual energy requirement of the building was investigated for various masonry (product) types for per unit area. Masonry products were block elements with one, two, three and four row-hollows, hollow-brick and aerated concrete. As the fuel types, fuel-oil, natural gas, coal and electricity were considered in the analysis. The functional unit of the LCC was the use of 1 m² of the building's living area over 50 year's period. As a conclusion, the highest energy-saving was obtained by the use of hollow blocks with 4 rows. Moreover, the most suitable fuels for all climate zones appear to be electricity and fuel-oil. But, the natural gas is a better choice when the atmospheric pollution is an important consideration.     

公共建筑项目节能评估应当重视建筑智能化技术的应用

本文论述了固定资产投资项目节能评估的主要内容和重要性。认为节能评估是将节能管理追溯到项目建设前期的重要举措。列举了应予以重视的公共建筑节能评估存在的主要问题。特别指出公共建筑项目节能评估应当提升建筑智能化技术的作用,充分认识建筑智能化手段对公共建筑节能效果的影响。为此,应当提高制定节能评估报告的工程咨询公司的责任感和业务技能。建筑智能化产品供应商、系统集成商则应当向社会提供更多高质量的产品和技术,提高社会对建筑智能化技术的认知度。     

热网系统平衡是供热节电的关键

本文通过贪绍华北油田渤海北区集中供热站在热网系统平衡方面进行的一系列优化措施及实施效果,来阐述热网系统平衡是供热节电的关键。     

关于城市竞争力评价的理论模型研究

本文对已有竞争力模型进行研究与总结,批判性地吸收前人的研究成果,构建了新的城市竞争力评价模型,并且在此评价模型的指导下建立起相应的评价指标体系。     

转型背景下城市总体规划实施评估方法与机制研究

开展总规实施评估已成为学界和业界共识,但由于当前社会经济转型尚未完成、总规自身挑战日增、评估自身尚处于起步期等原因,往往难以发挥其应有作用。通过回归公共政策评估本源和内涵,着眼于＂应然＂状态的总规实施评估的定义、方法与机制,总结发挥实施评估作用的外部制度环境,剖析总规实施评估现状,提出基于当前制度环境下建立总规实施评估制度的可操作性策略和路径。     

An optimal model for tunnel lighting control systems

We present a tunnel lighting optimal control model in considering traffic safety and energy-saving problems. Firstly, the demand brightness function with relation to tunnel exterior brightness, traffic flow and speed is described. Then an actual tunnel brightness curve is derived according to lamp equipment layouts and lamp properties in tunnels. Further, a simple method is used to determine an average brightness indicator in tunnels. We present a nonlinear optimal control tunnel lighting model in meeting the demand brightness, total average brightness and minimum dimming ratio constraints and so on. Finally, the simulation results at the JiangBeiLing tunnel of Wenzhou city in China show the optimal control system can meet the demand brightness and total average brightness constraints, and have a notable energy-saving effect.     

Verification of the energy-saving effect of the district heating and cooling system—Simulation of an electric-driven heat pump system

A district heating and cooling system (DHC) is expected to be a promising energy-saving measure for high-density business areas in Japan. However, it has not been verified what advantages of the DHC are important for energy conservation. The clarification of this issue is supposed to contribute to improving the energy efficiency of the DHC.     

宁波文化广场大剧院使用后评价

该文是使用后评价的一次实践,采用现场测量、问卷调查和访谈等方式,从观众满意度评价和音质客观评价两方面对宁波文化广场大剧院进行使用后评价实践,并对其结果进行分析,为今后剧场设计工作提供参考与依据。     

“知识城市”评价标准分析和指标体系构建

该文在理解“知识城市”含义的基础上分析了已有的三种不同的“知识城市”评价标准,并参考三种评价标准,结合我国城市现状,提出了一套适合我国国情的“知识城市”的评价指标体系,该体系包括知识传播、知识培育、知识应用及城市环境四大类别。     

建筑遗产评估的一次探索

通过在苏州和绍兴的评估实践，简要介绍了在建筑筑产评估中为提高评估的合理性所进行的一些探索。     

燃气供暖系统节能改造方案论证

本文系统地介绍了北京大学燕北园锅炉房供暧系统节能改造的构思。对改造方案进行了系统地论证。     

某房地产住宅开发建设项目节能分析

以某房地产住宅开发项目的节能分析为例,通过项目指标优化对比、用能工艺方案对比、节能措施和效果计算等方法,论证了本项目建成后主要耗能满足国家的节能标准限值,且对其所在地民生产业产生有利影响。     

基于灰色关联分析的节能建筑方案评价

在充分分析研究建筑节能影响因素的基础上,建立了节能建筑评价指标体系,提出了改进的层次分析法确定各级指标权重,建立了灰色关联模型,运用WAA算子求得备选方案与目标方案的关联度,通过应用于实际证明了该方法的可行性.     

Quasi-dynamic energy-saving judgment of electric-driven seawater source heat pump district heating system over boiler house district heating system

The electric-driven seawater source heat pump district heating system is a renewable energy utilization system, but this cannot guarantee the energy-saving effect of the system. The static energy-saving judgment between this system and the conventional boiler house district heating system was provided in a former research paper. However the static method has proved to be a very rough evaluation method and may lead to misjudgment as well. So a quasi-dynamic method, taking the total energy consumption during a whole heating season into consideration, is established in this paper. The energy-saving index turns out to be the expression of the lower limit of the average COP of the seawater source heat pump unit throughout the heating season (COP_h,mc). Then a case study is presented to show how the index of COP_h,mc and the actual average COP of the heat pump unit throughout the heating season (COP_h,ma) are calculated. The calculation results show that the quasi-dynamic method improves the calculation accuracy dramatically, and thus provides a better solution to the quantitative energy-saving evaluation of the electric-driven seawater source heat pump district heating system.     

工程车辆乘座舒适性评价试验

本文主要叙述了国内外关于工程车辆乘座舒适性研究及评价试验情况，着重介绍了ＭＴＳ车辆乘座舒适性评价试验系统及运行过程，以及该系统的应用情况和应注意的问题。     

影响台湾新市镇开发之因子探讨及评估方式建立

台湾自1955年起,陆续辟建中兴新村、林口、台中港、高雄大坪顶、淡海及高雄等新市镇,然而在整体政经形势的变迁、新市镇开发建设观念无法贯彻等因素的冲击下,新市镇在开发上产生严重的财务负担,也造成政府单位对赓续推动新下镇建设的彷徨,因此,本研究期望藉由已有的推动经验,通过三阶段专家访谈及问卷,以建立影响新市镇开发之关键因子及其相对权重,企望作为未来新市镇开发之评估依据。     

建立两个体系 推动节能建筑良性发展

分析了建筑节能工作的现状,在此基础上探讨了推动节能建筑工作的核心,并重点对建筑节能市场监管要点作了阐述,最后指出建立节能建筑综合性标准体系和完善的行政监管体系是推动节能建筑良性发展的重要保障。