36-Pulse Hybrid Ripple Injection for High-Performance Aerospace Rectifiers

This paper presents a three-phase voltage-source 36-pulse converter that draws almost sinusoidal currents. The converter results from the combination of a series-connected 12-pulse voltage-source rectifier with a passive voltage-injection circuit and a bidirectional switch, referred to as hybrid injection. The voltage-injection circuit uses a single-phase rectifier bridge and a single-phase transformer. Both the voltage-injection circuit and the bidirectional switch operate at six times the supply frequency and have a low rating. In this paper, the converter operation is explained and analyzed. Subsequently, the converter is evaluated experimentally using a 4-kW 400-Hz prototype, where the $hbox{THD}_{I}$ of the line currents was measured to be below 1.2%.      

单开关三相高功率因数/低谐波整流器的研究

分析带有功率因数校正的单开关三相升压式换流器的工作原理,对校正过程中开关的工作状态和换流器输入电感电流进行了数学描述,推导出了三相输入电感电流不连续导通模式（ＤＣＭ）的一个必要条件及由此产生的两个具体条件,以及三种控制方式下的基波输入等效电阻的公式,给出了换流器系统输入／输出滤波器的设计原则,并且采用占空比恒定的ＰＷＭ控制方法对三相升压式换流器进行了仿真分析。     

倍流整流三电平零电压软开关三相高功率因数整流器

提出一种新型的具有倍流整流的三电平零电压软开关三相高功率因数AC/DC变换器电路,该电路入端电感电流工作在DCM方式,以便实现高功率因数,输出滤波电感工作在CCM方式.与普通零电压三电平变换器比较,该电路在整个负载范围内更易实现功率管的零电压开关,无占空比丢失和二次侧电压尖峰.本文分析了电路工作原理,给出了高功率因数与电路参数的关系曲线,推导了电压增益公式和入端电感与输出滤波电感的设计公式,最后给出了实验结果.     

A new modulation technique for reducing the input current harmonicsof a three-phase diode rectifier with capacitive load

In this paper, a new technique for shaping the line current and reducing the total harmonic distortion in a three-phase bridge rectifier, feeding a capacitive load, is presented. Using the topology of a three-level three-switch pulsewidth modulated (PWM) rectifier, a new control technique has been implemented. The main objective here is to minimize the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current under different load conditions (20%-100% of full load). A review of the problems inherent in a bridge rectifier feeding a capacitive load and the possible solutions are first presented. Subsequently, the analysis of the new circuit and the control technique used are described, along with simulation results. Finally, the experimental results on a 1.6 kW prototype are presented     

Mitigation of harmonics in three-phase ac system using current injection technique for ac-to-dc converter

This paper presents a new approach to eliminate harmonics and to improve power factor of a three phase front-end uncontrolled rectifier. A high-power-factor is achieved by injecting high-frequency triangular current from the output of three-phase inverter. The high frequency (HF) current modulates the rectifier input voltage resulting in conduction of diodes into each switching cycle. The resulting ac input line current is continuous and sinusoidal in shape with significant reduction in current harmonics. All the switches are operated at zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The diodes of the rectifier are also operated with soft switching at turn-on as well as at turn-off. Varying switching frequency with fixed duty ratio regulates the output voltage. The proposed ac-to-dc converter also maintains high-power-factor even for unbalanced input supply voltages. The analysis of the converter is carried out on a single-phase basis, using different operating modes in one switching cycle of injected current. Theoretical results based on analysis are verified initially through digital simulation, and confirmed by using an experimental prototype of 2.5 kW.     

单周控制三相PFC整流器的研究

提出了在三相二极管整流桥上桥臂,反并联全控型开关元件的脉宽调制PWM控制,对升压式（Boost）功率因数校正（Power Factor Correction,PFC）拓扑电路的分析,表明在无逆变的要求下,只需对上桥臂各相全控型开关元件,在负半波进行断续导通控制模式下,便可达到功率因数接近1,和交流进线正弦电流的目的,利用单周控制和Matlab/Simulink软件,对上述三相二极管整流的Boost PFC电路进行了建模和仿真,得出了预期的结果,证明在原理上是可行的。     

A new active interphase reactor for 12-pulse rectifiers providesclean power utility interface

In this paper, a new active interphase reactor for twelve-pulse diode rectifiers is proposed. The proposed system draws near sinusoidal currents from the utility. In this scheme, a low kVA [0.02 P_o (PU)] active current source injects a triangular current into an interphase reactor of a twelve-pulse diode rectifier. This modification results in near sinusoidal utility line currents with less than 1% THD. It is further shown that a low kVA, 12-pulse system with an autotransformer arrangement [kVA rating of 0.18 P_o (PU)] can be implemented with the proposed active interphase reactor. The resulting system draws clean power from the utility and is suitable for powering larger kVA AC motor drive systems. Detailed analysis of the proposed scheme along with design equations is illustrated. Simulation results verify the concept. Experimental results are provided from a 208 V, 10 kVA rectifier system     

电力电子非线性负载数字化实现方法

针对电力电子负载模拟非线性负载算法中存在的计算繁琐、准确度不高的问题,提出一种数字化实现方法。该方法是依据三相不控整流桥输入电压瞬时值与直流侧电压的数学关系以及二极管的导通条件,获得其七个工作阶段的判定条件,再利用后向差分法数字求解不同工作阶段的电路微分方程。得到三相不控整流桥的输入电流,作为负载模拟变换器电流环的控制指令信号,并在αβ坐标系下采用比例谐振控制器跟踪交流参考电流。仿真及实验结果表明了所提出的方法具有计算简洁,准确度高,响应迅速等特点。     

Three-phase active harmonic rectifier (AHR) to improve utility input current THD in telecommunication power distribution system

Modern telecommunication power supply systems have several parallel-connected switch-mode rectifiers to provide -48 V DC. A typical switch-mode rectifier configuration includes a three-phase diode rectifier followed by a DC-DC converter. Such a system draws significant harmonic currents for the utility, resulting in poor input power factor and high total harmonic distortion. In this paper, a three-phase active harmonic rectifier (AHR) scheme is proposed. In the AHR scheme, a diode rectifier module is replaced by a six-insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor pulsewidth-modulation rectifier to supply load harmonics as well as its own active power. Each DC-DC converter module is connected to a shared 48-V DC link. The AHR module together with parallel-connected switch-mode rectifiers is controlled to achieve clean input power characteristics. The VA ratings of the AHR scheme is compared with an active power filter approach. The control design is based on the synchronous reference frame approach. Analysis, simulation, and experimental results show that the AHR offers several advantages such as lower VA rating, better current control response, efficient use of the AHR DC link, small size, and stable DC-link voltage control.     

VIENNA整流器的设计与优化

三相AC/DC整流器作为许多电力电子设备中不可或缺的电气环节得到了广泛的应用。相比于传统的二极管整流器及相控整流器,VIENNA整流器具有网侧谐波含量低、功率因数高的优点。同时,VIENNA整流器比普通桥式PWM整流器具有更少的功率开关数量,进一步提高了系统功率密度。在简要介绍VIENNA整流器原理的基础上,结合3 k W系统进行了相应的工程设计,主要包括储能元件设计、滤波环节设计和控制环路设计。此外,针对电网电压畸变带来的输入电流谐波问题,采用了一种结合VIENNA整流器控制环路的指定次谐波优化方法,并针对其中LCL滤波器带来的谐振问题,从工程设计的角度进行了相应的优化。3 k W工程样机的实验结果进一步验证了设计方法以及所采用的优化方法的有效性。     

一种新型40kW软开关三相脉宽调制整流器

针对三相脉宽调制整流器开关损耗问题,研究了一种软开关三相整流器,可以只采用1个辅助开关,实现所有开关的零电压开通,并抑制二极管反向恢复。分析了软开关三相脉宽调制整流器的软开关过程,给出了谐振参数设计步骤,量化了主开关和辅助开关的通态损耗和开关损耗,设计了三相软开关整流器在电网电压不平衡条件下的控制策略,研制了40kW实验样机并完成了实验验证。     

Modeling,control and stability analysis of grid connected PMSG based wind turbine assisted with diode rectifier and boost converter

Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind turbines (WTs) are widely used as grid connected energy sources. Usually, a PMSG based wind energy system is connected to the grid via machine side and grid side converters. From the machine side converter point of view, there are two types of PMSG-based WTs: PMSG with back-to-back voltage source converters, and PMSG assisted with diode rectifier and boost converter. Since most of the research works regarding the PMSG-based WTs are devoted to the former type, this paper deals with the elaborated controller design and stability analysis of the grid connected PMSG based WT assisted with diode bridge rectifier and boost converter. Hence, the linearized average dynamic model of the combined system comprising PMSG, diode rectifier and boost converter is presented. Based on the linearized model, the relation between the PMSG electromagnetic torque and boost converter current is extracted, and then system’s control-loops are developed. Next, small signal stability of the full system comprising PMSG, boost-diode rectifier, dc-link capacitor, GSC, and corresponding controllers is presented and then impact of PMSG speed controller on the stability of the system is examined theoretically and by time domain simulations.     

A comprehensive design approach for a three-phase high-frequencysingle-switch discontinuous-mode boost power factor corrector based onanalytically derived normalized converter component ratings

In this paper the peak, mean, and RMS values of the component currents of a three-phase single-switch discontinuous inductor current mode boost rectifier are calculated analytically. The values are given in rated form in dependency on the output power and on the ratio of output voltage to the amplitude of the mains voltage. Furthermore, the influence of the voltage transfer ratio on the shape of the mains currents and on the power factor of the system is analyzed. The theoretical analysis is verified by digital simulation and a good consistency is achieved. Finally, the approach of the converter dimensioning based on the graphical representation of the calculation results is described and illustrated using a specific example. The correctness of the dimensioning is verified by measurements on a laboratory model     

Harmonic cancellation by mixing nonlinear single-phase andthree-phase loads

The voltage on the distribution line is, in most cases, distorted even at no load of the transformer. This is due to the “background” distortion on the medium-voltage line caused by the large number of single-phase nonlinear loads, such as PCs, TVs, VCRs, etc. This paper proposes a method to mix single-phase and three-phase nonlinear loads and reduce the harmonic currents significantly. The dependence of the phase angle of the harmonic currents as a function of the short-circuit impedance is investigated using SABER for the three-phase and the single-phase diode rectifier both with and without DC-link inductance. The phase angle of the fifth harmonic current of a three-phase diode rectifier is always in counterphase with the fifth harmonic current of a single-phase diode rectifier. This leads to the conclusion that adding three-phase rectifier load can actually improve the power quality at the transformer. This is also validated by a number of on-site measurements in several applications of three-phase adjustable-speed drives     

Reliable 3-phase PWM boost rectifiers employing a stacked dualboost converter subtopology

This paper describes circuit topologies for three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) boost rectifiers that operate with a unity fundamental power factor and a low-distortion AC line current. Overlap delays between the switching of the upper and lower devices in a PWM rectifier leg are not critical and diodes eliminate the possibility of the DC-link capacitor discharging into short circuits and shoot-through fault conditions. The rectifiers are controlled using a “stacked dual boost converter cell” subtopology model that can be used in two current control modes. The dual current-control mode shapes two line currents and can achieve current distortion levels below 5%. The single current control mode shapes one line current and can achieve current distortion levels close to 5% with the rectifier output DC voltage at the standard level associated with a rectified mains voltage. The per-unit current ratings for the switches in the three-phase PWM switch networks are around 15-20% of the input RMS line current as compared to 71% for a standard three-phase PWM rectifiers. Circuit simulations and experimental results are used to demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the rectifiers described     

P-type non-isolated boost DC-DC converter with high voltage gain and extensibility for DC microgrid applications

In this paper, the concept of converter design, using the least number of elements and achieving high voltage gain at the low duty cycle, is proposed for the microgrids. One of the important issues in the microgrids is boosting the low voltage output of sources to the utility voltage level. Therefore, the step-up DC-DC converters are widely used in these systems to attain the utility voltage. The benchmarking of the converters mainly in terms of the voltage gain, efficiency, the number of active and passive components, stresses on semiconductors, and simplicity is considered. In this paper, a new extendable non-isolated boost DC-DC converter is presented. Comparing the conventional boost converter, the basic structure of the proposed converter has a high voltage gain and reduced stress on the switch. To increase the voltage gain, the basic structure of the proposed converter can be easily extended. The modulation technique employed is high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM). The detailed analysis of the proposed converter in continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous current mode (DCM) is presented. The relations between currents and voltages and the voltage gain in CCM and DCM are obtained. Experimental results are carried out to verify theoretical concepts by using the hardware prototype.     

A three-phase active rectifier with a single transistor switch

This paper considers a scheme of a one-quadrant three-phase active rectifier (three-phase PFC), which consists of a bridge three-phase uncontrollable rectifier and boost dc converter. The converter provides a power factor of 0.955 with the possibility of improving and stabilizing the output voltage with minimal expenses for reactive elements and control circuits. The operation of the rectifier when powered by a nonsinusoidal and unbalanced network is considered.     

单周控制三相三级PFC整流器

提出了在三相三级整流器的二极管反并联全控型电力电子开关元件,用单周控制实现脉宽调制PWM控制,对升压式(Boost)功率因数校正(PFC)拓扑电路的分析,表明在无逆变的要求下,只需对下桥臂或上桥臂各相全控型开关元件,进行断续导通控制,便可达到功率因数接近1,实现交流进线正弦电流的目的,文中利用了Matlab/Simulink软件,对上述三相三级整流器PFC电路用单周控制进行了建模和仿真,得出了预期的结果,证明在原理上是可行的。     

VSI-PWM rectifier/inverter system with a reduced switch count

A current-controlled VSI-PWM rectifier and inverter with capacitor DC link is regarded as one of the most important structures for three-phase to three-phase power conversion. This type of power converter normally requires twelve switches for the rectifier and an inverter composed of self turnoff switch such as a bipolar transistor or an IGBT with an anti-parallel diode. In this paper, a new three-phase to three-phase AC/AC power converter for AC motor drives is proposed. The proposed power converter employs only eight switches and has the capability of delivering sinusoidal input currents with unity power factor and bidirectional power flow. This paper describes the feasibility and the operational limitations of the proposed structure. A mathematical model of the system is derived using the generalized modulation theory and experimental results for steady-state and dynamic behavior are presented to verify the developed model     

A new three-phase harmonic-free rectification scheme based on zero-sequence current injection

This paper proposes a new three-phase harmonic-free rectification scheme based on a zero-sequence injection technique. The proposed scheme incorporates two half-bridge inverters and two single-phase transformers to actively and individually shape the positive and negative dc rail currents of the rectifier. The shaped zero-sequence harmonic currents are then circulated through the ac side of the rectifier via a zigzag transformer, resulting in pure sinusoidal input currents in the three-phase diode rectifier. A design example along with component ratings calculation are detailed. Experimental results on a 1.5-kVA prototype are provided to validate the proposed technique.