燃气轮机冷热电联供系统优化与节能经济性研究

以满足冷、热、电负荷需求时能源运行成本最低为优化目标,建立了联供系统经济最优化模型。结合实际应用场合负荷需求验证了联供系统的节能性和经济性。指出联供系统最优化运行模式与电气价格比有关,当电气价格比较低时,分供系统运行更经济。分析了各性能参数对系统经济性的影响,结果表明燃气轮机发电效率、吸收式制冷机的制冷系数及烟气余热回收效率对联供系统的经济性影响较大。     

燃气采暖热水炉加热时间试验方法分析

针对GB 25034-2010《燃气采暖热水炉》中生活热水模式下加热时间的试验方法,在相同试验条件下,达到热平衡后冷却过程的不同操作模式下加热时间的测试结果不同。选取1台全预混冷凝式燃气暖浴两用炉,采用4种操作模式进行生活热水模式下的加热时间试验,4种模式是:试验样机直接关机(模式1)、断开样机电源(模式2)、切断燃气供应(模式3)、切断燃气供应且对样机供暖循环系统重新补水(模式4)。试验结果显示,模式1~4的加热时间依次增加。影响4种模式加热时间不同的主要原因为生活热水冷却完成后,热交换器内储存的热量不同。模式1、2热交换器内储存的热量较多,故加热时间较短;模式3热交换器内储存的热量较少,故加热时间相对较长;模式4热交换器内没有储存热量,故加热时间最长。对于模式1、2,加热时间的区别在于燃烧过程,模式1的直接关机不会被默认为发生故障,而模式2的断开电源则被默认为发生故障,在重新点燃后有燃烧稳定时间,导致模式2的加热时间比模式1长。     

夏热冬冷地区冷热电联供项目的经济性分析

某夏热冬冷地区冷热电联供项目采取在热力站配置热水型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组实现供冷。与热电联供方式进行了经济性比较,冷热电联供方式的经济性更优。     

Solar integrated energy system for a green building

Shanghai is characteristic of subtropical monsoonal climate with the mean annual temperature of 17.6 °C, and receives annual total radiation above 4470 MJ/m² with approximately 2000 h of sunshine. A solar energy system capable of heating, cooling, natural ventilation and hot water supply has been built in Shanghai Research Institute of Building Science. The system mainly contains 150 m² solar collector arrays, two adsorption chillers, floor radiation heating pipes, finned tube heat exchangers and a hot water storage tank of 2.5 m³ in volume. It is used for heating in winter, cooling in summer, natural ventilation in spring and autumn, hot water supply in all the year for 460 m² building area. The whole system is controlled by an industrial control computer and operates automatically. Under typical weather condition of Shanghai, it is found that the average heating capacity is up to 25.04 kW in winter, the average refrigerating output reaches 15.31 kW in summer and the solar-enhanced natural ventilation air flow rate doubles in transitional seasons. The experimental investigation validated the practical effective operation of the adsorption cooling-based air-conditioning system. After 1-year operation, it is confirmed that the solar system contributes 70% total energy of the involved space for the weather conditions of Shanghai.     

建筑全能耗分析软件EnergyPlus及其应用

介绍了新一代建筑全能耗分析软件EnergyPlus的基本原理、特点和新功能及其与DOE-2的比较，并将其应用于某一实际的建筑冷热电联产系统的模拟，根据模拟结果对整个系统进行了全年能耗和经济性分析。     

Development and experimental validation of a high-temperature heat pump for heat recovery and building heating

The performance of a high-temperature heat pump unit using geothermal water for heat recovery in buildings is experimentally evaluated. The unit consists of a twin-screw refrigeration compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and an oil cooling system. The effect of the cooled oil temperature on the performance of the heat pump unit is experimentally investigated. Results show that the unit stably produces outlet hot water at a constant temperature of 85 °C and performs well in a wide range of high-temperature conditions with a high energy efficiency ratio. The results also indicate that the key to improving the performance of a high-temperature heat pump unit often depend on the selection of proper cooled oil temperature. The optimum cooled oil temperature is 50-65 °C when the condensing temperature is above 70 °C. At these temperatures, the oil cooling system can increase the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump by 6.3%.     

楼宇级冷热电联产的技术经济分析

分析了楼宇级冷热电联产(BCHP)方案的经济性,并与目前常用的几种空调机房方案进行了比较。对不同电价下不同方案空调机房的运行成本和总成本作出了预测。     

夏热冬暖地区星级酒店空调冷凝热回收系统

结合酒店的空调能耗状况及冷热负荷特点,对酒店空调采用冷水机组冷凝热回收系统的节能性和必要性进行了探讨。以某五星级酒店空调工程为例,介绍了其空调热回收系统的优化设计。增大了热回收系统的供回水温差,同时采取热水罐串级连接,对水温进行分层,有效地实现了热水的梯级利用及顺序利用。经分析,该优化系统更加充分地利用了冷水机组的冷凝热,更加节能,而且供水温度比较稳定。     

Energetic, economic and environmental performance of a solar-thermal-assisted HVAC system

A solar-assisted HVAC system was retrofitted in 2006-2009 onto an earlier (1980) energy-efficient building. A hybrid system of flat plate and vacuum tube solar collectors heats water in a large hot storage tank that is delivered to an absorption chiller in the cooling season or directly to heating coils in the heating season. Large chilled water storage tanks are charged off-peak and discharged during the day, cooling the building in parallel with the chiller. Measurements of the seasonal performance of the system are presented. Good overall agreement between actual measurements and earlier numerical modeling results is reported for our system, with one notable discrepancy attributable to the operation of the air terminal units, which requires tuning. In cold seasons, solar thermal energy can easily displace a large fraction of traditional heating sources. In the cooling season, the conversion of heat to cooling capacity incurs several parasitic losses, which if not accounted for properly in the design stage, have the capacity to completely offset any advantage gained from the solar system. The economics of building-scale solar thermal systems are strongly dependent on the cost of energy, and electricity in particular. The economics are favorable where electricity costs are high, and vice-versa.     

浅析热水供热系统及其定压方式

通过比较热水供热系统和蒸汽供热系统的优缺点,发现热水供热系统更具有运行稳定、安全和卫生等优点。热水供热系统的定压方式对系统的运行至关重要。本文详述了不同定压方式的优缺点。     

商住综合建筑集中热水系统热源选择探讨

本文旨在说明大型商住综合楼集中热水系统热源选用宅调冷水主机热回收热水设备与风冷式热泵热水机的组合，是经济合理的热源配置方式。     

热水采暖系统的供热故障

热水锅炉及采暖系统运行中,经常出现一些供热故障。这些供热故障有的是由热水锅炉及附属设备本身造成的,有的是设计原因造成的,有的则是采暖系统缺陷造成的。本文从工程实际出发,详细阐述了热水采暖系统常见故障产生的原因及排除方法。     

夏热冬冷地区的节能住宅研究

调查研究了济南、徐州、西安、兰州四城市供热供冷及能源利用现状，对该地区节能住宅建筑的功能、围护结构节能设计、供热供冷系统形式提出了建议。     

宾馆热泵热水系统的试验研究

探讨了适用于宾馆的热泵热水系统的加热方式及水箱布置形式。结合工程实例,对不同卫生热水温度下的热泵制热性能系数及不同水箱布置形式的热泵热水系统耗电量进行了试验研究。在宾馆使用热泵制备卫生热水可行。在选择合适的冷凝器卫生热水进出口温差以提高热泵制热性能系数时,应优化水箱布置形式,减少循环泵数量及其能耗,以提高热泵热水系统的制热性能系数。     

单回路双压缩式冷水机组的节能效益

介绍了单回路双压缩式空调冷水机组的工作原理与应用形式及其运行工况特点,通过与单压缩式冷水机组的比较,指出双压缩式空调冷水机组能适应负荷变化的需求调节制冷量,并在部分负荷时的COP值远高于单压缩式冷水机组。     

浅谈低温热水地板辐射采暖

介绍了低温热水地板辐射采暖的特点，对低温热水地板辐射采暖的设计及施工要点进行了阐述，提出了低温热水地板辐射采暖的精品策划。     

某卷烟厂冷水机组运行的性能研究

对某卷烟厂冷水机组运行时进行实验研究,结果表明分别在60%、90%负荷运行时,实际COP值为3.83、4.60,小于该机组的名义工况下5.53的COP值。建议在原空调系统上增加温差控制器和变频器,以控制冷却水泵和冷冻水泵的工作状态,保证该冷水机组的COP在最优化的节能运行状态,从而降低系统的能耗。     

遵义市科技馆冷热源方案选择

在遵义市科技馆的设计中,当冷热负荷确定后,针对甲方的要求和项目的具体情况,列出了三种可行的冷热源方案,并分别对这三种方案的初投资、运行成本、方案特点和投资回收期进行比较,最终采用板管蒸发式冷凝螺杆冷热水机组冷热源方案。     

间接蒸发冷水机组设计开发及性能分析

基于间接蒸发冷却技术设计了高温冷水机组,其驱动源为室外干空气而非电能,冷水机组的理论出水温度可无限接近进口空气的露点温度。建立了数学模型,并提出了系统的串联冷水流程,以更充分地利用室外干空气的能量。合作开发了第一台间接蒸发冷水机组,通过测试得到了实际机组的性能。最后分析了冷水机组作为湿度独立控制空调系统的高温冷源在中国西部及其他地区的应用。     

Experimental study of a ground-coupled heat pump combined with thermal solar collectors

This paper presents the experimental study of a ground-coupled heat pump used in a 180 m² private residence and combined with thermal solar collectors. This process, called GEOSOL, meets domestic hot water and heating–cooling building energy needs. Solar heat is used as a priority for domestic hot water heating and when the preset water temperature is reached, excess solar energy is injected into the ground via boreholes. This system has the advantage to contribute to the balance of the ground loads, increasing the operating time of the solar collectors and preventing overheating problems. After 11 months in operation, the power extracted and injected into the ground had average values of 40.3 and 39.5 W/m, respectively. Energy injected into the ground represents 34% of the heat extracted, and the heat pump's coefficient of performance (COP) in heating mode had an average value of 3.75. In addition, the domestic hot water solar fraction had an average value higher than 60% for the first 11 months in operation.