微生物与肉类食品的腐败

腐败微生物的大量增殖是造成肉类食品腐败的主要原因。本文综述了肉类食品中主要腐败微生物的种类及其特性 ,分析了影响腐败微生物对肉类食品致腐能力的因素     

微生物与肉类腐败变质

本文介绍了腐败肉的特征、分类以及引起肉类腐败变质的原因与条件,其中以微生物引起的腐败最为普遍,因此,本文重点介绍了导致肉类腐败变质的微生物的种类及特性,以及如何防止肉的腐败变质。     

微生物与肉类腐败变质

微生物污染导致肉类腐败变质,如何防范和鉴别肉类腐败变质,本文分析了肉类中微生物的来源、肉类腐败引起的变化和现象,为人们提供了防范意识和鉴别方法。     

肉类食品的保鲜技术

腐败微生物的大量增殖,是造成肉类食品腐败的主要原因,防腐保鲜的基本原理主要是在尽可能减少肉类食品中微生物残留量的基础上,抑制肉类食品中微生物的生长代谢和酶的活性.综述了传统的肉类保鲜技术与现代防腐技术.     

影响肉类凉菜即食包装制品易腐性的因素

引起肉类凉菜即食包装制品腐败变质的易腐性因素包括固有酶的作用、理化因素的作用、空气和微生物等。肉类凉菜即食包装制品腐败变质的主要原因是微生物分解即食包装制品食物中的蛋白质和氨基酸。肉类凉菜即食包装制品原料中存在具有催化活性的酶类,在加工、贮藏过程中引发腐败。温度、光照、含水量也是诱发腐败变质的因素,温度升高会引起食品成分的化学变化,有利于微生物的繁殖。     

肉类食品的保鲜技术

腐败微生物的大量增殖，是造成肉类食品腐败的主要原因，防腐保鲜的基本原理主要是在尽可能减少肉类食品中微生物殖留量的基础上，抑制肉类食品中微生物的生长代谢和酶的活性。综述了传统的肉类保鲜技术与现代防腐技术。     

肉类微生物学(九) 肉类微生物的控制

肉类的腐败变质主要是由微生物引起的,本文主要介绍了肉类微生物控制的三个基本策略,即防止微生物的生长、杀死微生物、促进有益微生物的生长,使其抑制有害微生物的生长,并重点介绍了各种不同的控制措施。     

肉类腐败变质时菌落总数（SPC）临界值的研究

本研究各用五组猪、牛、羊肉,在常温下置放,然后比较其感官指标、微生物指标、理化指标,测定肉类腐败变质时的菌落总数,确定其腐败变质时的临界值,借以快速确定肉类商品的货架期是否结束。     

生鲜家畜肉类与水产鱼虾类物流过程中微生物菌相变化的研究进展

生鲜家畜肉类及水产鱼虾类物流过程中的腐败变质主要由微生物引起。随着分子生物学技术的快速发展,分子生态技术已成为研究生鲜家畜肉类及水产鱼虾类物流过程中微生物菌相变化的主要手段。引起生鲜家畜肉类及水产鱼虾类在物流过程中腐败变质的微生物也不断被发现。本文综述了生鲜家畜肉类及水产鱼虾类物流过程中常见微生物物种,包括肉食杆菌、乳酸菌、沙门氏菌属、假单胞菌属、明串珠菌属、热杀索丝菌、单增李斯特氏菌等细菌以及酵母菌、霉菌等真菌;介绍了2010年后多用于生鲜家畜肉类和水产鱼虾类菌相研究的分子生态技术,包括变性梯度凝胶电泳技术、末端限制性片段长度多态性技术、高通量测序技术和实时定量聚合酶链式反应技术,旨在为我国生鲜家畜肉类及水产鱼虾类的菌相研究提供参考。     

肉类微生物学(八)肉类腐败菌

鲜肉和大多数的肉制品都极易变质。一般来说,在动物屠宰放血之后,从由肌肉向肉的转化阶段开始,肉就受到各种微生物、化学和物理因素的作用,进入腐败变质过程。其中以微生物引起的腐败最为普遍,尤其是细菌。因此,本文重点介绍了导致肉类腐败变质的细菌的种类、特性以及各种食品中的腐败细菌。     

发酵肉制品常用的微生物及其特性

微生物在发酵肉制品中,可以减少腐败菌的生长、促进发色、减少亚硝胺的生成、抑制病原微生物的生长,延长保质期。因此,本文详细介绍了发酵肉制品常用的微生物及其特性,旨在为发酵剂及发酵肉制品的开发研究,提供理论依据。     

Changes in K value and microorganisms of tilapia fillet during storage at high-pressure, normal temperature

This study determined the effect of high-pressure, normal temperature (25 degrees C) storage on tilapia fillets. After pressurization, the fillets were stored at normal condition (1 atm [1 atm = 101.29 kPa] and 25 degrees C) for 12 h to evaluate the changes of microbes and K value. The fillets stored at 2,000 atm for 12 h still kept the K value, a freshness index that represents putrefaction with the value beyond 60%, still below 40%, and the K value of the meat without pressurization was up to 92%. Total plate counts of the fillets stored at below 1,000 atm for 12 h were maintained at the value of 4.7 log CFU/g of meat, which was similar to the initial level. However, the counts were obviously decreased to about 2.0 log CFU/g of meat for the fillets stored at above 2,000 atm. The same effect was obtained for psychrophilic bacteria. Enzymes and microbes reactivated apparently after 12 h of normal condition storage of mild pressurized fillets. The study demonstrates that high-pressure storage can inhibit the putrefaction of tilapia meat but no longer after that.     

Effect of chitosan in meat preservation

The effect of chitosan in meat preservation, including microbiological, chemical, sensory and color qualities, was examined. In liquid medium, chitosan (0·01%) inhibited the growth of some spoilage bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis IFO 3025, Escherichia coli RB, Pseudomonas fragi IFO 3458 and Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011. At higher concentrations (0·1 and 1·0%) it inhibited the growth of the meat starter cultures, Lactobacillus plantarium IAM 1216, Pediococcus pentosaceus IAM 12296 and Micrococcus varians IFO 3765. In meat, during incubation at 30°C for 48 h or storage at 4°C for 10 days, 0·5-1·0% chitosan inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria, reduced lipid oxidation and putrefaction, and resulted in better sensory attributes. Chitosan also had a good effect on the development of the red color of meat during storage.     

山黑猪的市场调查与预测

北京精气神有限公司在推出山黑猪肉这一新产品时,对国内肉类市场中生鲜冷却肉产品进行了充分的调查,包括产品的规格、质量、价格、技术水平、卫生状况和品牌影响力等.据此,预测出国内生肉市场的发展趋势,并制定了山黑猪的市场策略.     

绢纺腐化液中细菌除油效果的研究

对同一绢纺厂不同腐化缸的腐化液所含除油细菌进行分离,并对不同细菌的除油效果进行比较。结果表明不同腐化缸中所含除油细菌的种类和数量不同,细菌的除油效果也不同;除油细菌能产生脂肪酶促进油脂分解;三丁酸甘油酯双层平板法可以用于除油细菌的初步筛选,而细菌除油效果则需通过残油率判断。     

The labile lipid fraction of meat: from perceived disease and waste to health and opportunity

The fatty acid composition of beef and pork has been stigmatized due to their relationships with several diseases from cardiovascular disease to cancer. Meat lipids are, however, one of the few components of meat that can be modified in content and composition, and can present opportunities for value added production and health promotion. Until regulations and policies are in place to define requirements for fatty acid enrichment, however, the process remains relatively academic. Once practical goals are in place for fatty acid enrichment in meat, both theory and practice need to converge for successful production of fatty acid enriched meat. The present review covers aspects of policy in Canada, and requirements for research networks to respond to theoretical and practical challenges associated with production of fatty acid enriched meat. Finally, needs for education and marketing are outlined which must be in place to truly realize a transition of meat lipids from perceived disease and waste to health and opportunity.     

Traceability in the meat industry – the farm to plate continuum

Traceability of meat and meat products is a major issue in the meat industry with the two main drivers being food safety/risk management and authentication. Increasingly, the world marketplace is indicating that traceability systems for food products derived from individual animals (e.g. steak, chops etc.) is required now or will be required in the near future. Traceability requirements for compound products, such as ground beef, are usually less strict and are frequently limited to date and place of manufacture. As global competition increases it is imperative that technologies are available that protect against, and deter, fraudulent labelling of inferior product. Traceability offers more than marketing advantages. It can be applied at every stage of the meat production continuum and can be just as valuable to farmers and processors as it is to marketers and consumers.     

我国猪肉产销和外贸策略

本文说明了我国猪肉产销和进出口贸易概况 ,分析了我国猪肉出口不畅的原因 ,提出了我国猪肉出口的外贸策略。     

HACCP体系在牦牛肉干生产中的应用

为了保证产品的质量,探讨了HACCP体系在牦牛肉干生产中的应用,从食品卫生与安全的方面,对牦牛肉干的生产过程进行了分析,确立了牦牛肉干生产过程中的关键控制点,制定了相应的控制方法和制定措施,为牦牛肉干的进一步推向市场奠定基础。     

我国亟须建立肉品卫生管理体系

总结了我国当前肉品卫生管理落后的原因,提出了以外贸促内销,建立肉品卫生管理体系的建议.