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乔作现 《化学推进剂与高分子材料》1999,(4):43-43
<正> 1 前言肼作为火箭燃料,属中等毒类,经皮肤、消化道、呼吸道迅速吸收,对磷酸吡哆醛酶系统有抑制作用,能引起局部刺激,也能产生过敏。2 肼类中毒后应采取以下治疗措施。2.1 清洗:为防止毒物继续进入体内,应立即将患者移出中毒现场。大面积大剂量皮肤染毒,及时用大量清水冲洗,尽可能去除污染物;小面积皮肤染毒,偏二甲肼用质量分数为2.5%碘酒洗消,甲基肼用质量分数为15%乙酰丙酮的酒精溶液洗消,肼用质量分数为30%乙酰丙酮的二丙酮醇溶液洗消。眼睛接触高浓度的肼甲基肼和偏二甲肼蒸气或液滴时,应立即用大量清水或质量分数为2%硼酸溶液彻底冲洗。吞入 相似文献
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介绍了国外气相色谱分析肼类混合物的进展情况,对各种色谱柱进行了评价。采用90/100目的Anakrom AB作担体和30%聚乙二醇400作固定液,可有效地分离氨、二甲胺、肼、一甲基肼、偏二甲肼和水。 相似文献
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敖国顺 《中国石油和化工标准与质量》2012,33(14):119
近年来,我国在大力发展工业的同时,给自然生态环境造成了极大的影响。工业生产中大量废水废气的产生对人们的生存环境带来了严重的污染,尤其是石油化工业生产过程中生成的废气对大气和环境的污染最为严重。大量工业废气的排放破坏了自然生态平衡,气候变暖、冰山融化、臭氧层被破坏都与废气排放有着直接和间接的关系。这一问题现已引起全球范围内的关注。为了消除或减少石化工生产中的废气产生,有必要加大对废气处理技术的研究力度。基于此点,本文就石油化工废气处理技术进展进行浅谈。 相似文献
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分析了石化装置可燃废气的来源、特点以及稳定排放和不稳定排放的可燃废气的化工利用技术,讨论了可燃废气的燃料利用和化工利用的可能性。 相似文献
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为研究CO2诱导肼类燃料在低温下的反应机理,采用量子化学计算对肼(N2H4)、甲基肼(MMH)和偏二甲肼(UDMH)在不同温度下与CO2的反应过程与势能面进行了分析。利用分子平均局部离子化能(ALIE)与福井函数/双描述符预测了N2H4、MMH和UDMH的反应活性位点,通过过渡态理论获得不同肼类燃料与CO2反应的路径,构建其通道势能面,根据高精度能量获得宽温度范围下热力学参数与动力学数据。结果表明N2H4活性位点为N,MMH活性位点为与甲基相连的N,UDMH活性位点为氨基中的N;CO2诱导肼类燃料低温反应的主要产物为肼羧酸,该反应为低温正向、高温逆向反应,这与常规燃料反应呈现相反的特点;在10MPa压力下,N2H4的正逆向反应转变温度最小,约为400K,MMH的正逆向反应转变温度约为460K,而UDMH很难与CO2<... 相似文献
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《Fuel》1986,65(8):1150-1158
The polynuclear aromatic compound fractions (PAC) separated by column chromatography from five diesel fuels, a gas oil and sample of kerosene were analysed by capillary column gas chromatography with simultaneous parallel triple detection. The principal polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons of the fuels are naphthalene, fluorene and phenanthrene and their alkyl derivatives; mutagenic compounds are present in significant concentrations. The principal polynuclear aromatic nitrogen and sulphur compounds of diesel fuel are carbazole and dibenzothiophene and their alkyl derivatives. The PAC of diesel exhaust particulates are similar to those of the fuel, and follow the overall trend of particulate emission with engine load. The 2 to 4-ring PAC in the exhaust are primarily unburnt fuel components. Between 0.2 and 1.0 wt% of these fuel PAC survive the combustion process and comprise a significant concentration of mutagenic compounds in the particulate. 相似文献
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高超声速飞行是航空航天领域的最新前沿技术,是国家科技发展水平的重要标志。吸热燃料是实现高马赫(>5)超声速飞行器实际应用的核心技术之一,因而具有特殊的意义。本文介绍了吸热燃料的研究历程,重点从吸热燃料及其热沉、吸热燃料催化剂、催化剂的结焦以及催化裂解机理等方面对吸热燃料催化裂解进行介绍和评述。分子筛催化剂是吸热燃料催化裂解最具应用前景的一类催化剂,但同时也面临了吸热燃料原料的选择、分子筛骨架结构的改进和表面性质调变、催化剂结焦等基础研究以及催化剂负载、催化剂真实工况模拟等一系列工程应用研究双重挑战。吸热燃料催化裂解机理和动力学研究目前还很薄弱,未能真正深入到分子尺度把催化剂的微观作用与物质形态的变化有机结合,针对这方面的研究还应该大力加强,以更好地为催化剂的设计提供指导意义。 相似文献
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废塑料裂解制燃料的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了废塑料裂解制燃料的4种方式:热裂解、催化裂解、热解-催化改质和催化热解-催化改质,分析比较了它们各自的优缺点,认为催化技术是制约该领域发展的关键因素.重点阐述了废塑料裂解催化剂和裂解产物改质催化剂在国内外的一些研究进展,对进一步研究和开发废塑料裂解制燃料催化剂提出了一些建议. 相似文献
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Effect of alternative fuels on exhaust emissions during diesel engine operation with matched combustion phasing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present work focuses on an experimental comparison of diesel emissions produced by three fuels: an ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (BP15), a pure soybean methyl-ester biodiesel fuel (B100), and a synthetic Fischer-Tropsch fuel (FT), practically free of sulfur and aromatic compounds, and produced in a gas-to-liquid process. The study was carried out using a 2.5 L direct injection common-rail turbodiesel engine operated at 2400 rpm and 64 N m torque (19% of maximum torque). The engine was tested with single and split (pilot and main) injections and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The study has two objectives. The first objective is to investigate the impact of the start of injection (SOI) on performance and emissions of each fuel. The second objective is to study the isolated impacts of the test fuels on pollutant emissions by adjusting the injection parameters (SOI and fuel rail pressure) for each fuel, while producing practically the same combustion phasing. When the combustion phasing occurs similarly, this study has confirmed that the FT fuel can reduce all regulated diesel emissions under both single and split injection strategies. Finally, it has been confirmed that biodiesel can reduce particle mean diameter in comparison with BP15. However, higher PM mass emission for B100 has been observed under the condition of matched combustion phasing. The increase of the PM mass emission is probably due to the unburned or partially burned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. 相似文献
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氰化氢(HCN)是一种危害人体健康和大气环境的剧毒污染物,任何含氮物质和含氮燃料的燃烧、化工生产、冶金、汽车尾气排放等都能释放含HCN的废气。本文综述了近年来脱除HCN方面的研究进展,评述了各种脱氰方法包括吸收、吸附、燃烧、催化氧化、催化水解等技术的原理、适用对象及各种方法的优缺点。结果表明:吸收和燃烧法具有净化效率高、工艺简单等优点,对处理高浓度含氰废气有较大优势;其它方法的脱氰剂虽起活温度高、再生较为困难,但二次污染小,适用于气体的精细脱氰。今后各种技术的联合应用不仅能实现复杂气分下工业废气中HCN的逐级净化,而且能综合回收利用尾气中高浓度CO作为燃料和化工原料气。虽然各技术的联合应用在投资成本和工艺控制方面还有一定难度,但却具有较大的发展前景,是今后含氰化氢废气脱除的新趋势。 相似文献
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Yong Nie Jingyi Wang Kan Zhong Liming Wang Zhicheng Guan 《Catalysis communications》2007,8(12):2153-2158
Role of nitrogen-containing organic compounds produced during the plasma process on the subsequent of C2H4-SCR of NOx over Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalyst at 523 K was studied in a two-stage plasma-facilitated catalysis system. Results showed that nitrogen-containing organic compounds (methyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate, nitro methyl) produced in the plasma reactor can improve the subsequent catalytic performance at lower temperature besides NO2 and aldehyde; more the amounts of nitrogen-containing organic compounds produced after plasma pretreatment, more the amounts of N2 produced in the subsequent catalysis process, and N2 selectivity leveled at about 82%. 相似文献