Li/MnO2一次电池用纸基隔膜的制备和性能研究

本研究以天丝纤维为原料,通过打浆获得原纤化天丝纤维,采用湿法成形技术制备了原纤化天丝隔膜并应用于Li/MnO₂一次电池,对比探讨了不同原纤化程度天丝纤维隔膜和熔喷无纺布隔膜的微观形貌、孔隙结构和电化学性能。结果表明,原纤化程度的增加使隔膜表面细小纤维覆盖主干纤维,同时孔隙率从76.3%降到67.3%,Gurley值从3.30 s增加到10.1 s,平均孔径从0.79μm降到0.35μm,电池欧姆阻抗RΩ从1.55Ω增加到1.94Ω,电池放电电压平台和比容量明显降低。相比于熔喷无纺布隔膜,天丝隔膜厚度较小,平均孔径较小且孔径分布均匀,离子阻抗较低,放电性能稳定。     

天丝对碱锰电池隔膜结构性能的影响

通过Valley打浆机制备不同打浆度的原纤化天丝纤维,与合成纤维、植物纤维混合抄造碱锰电池隔膜纸,研究了天丝打浆度、加入量对碱锰电池隔膜纸的孔径结构、吸液保液及强度性能的影响,并与不含天丝纤维的隔膜纸的孔径分布进行了对比。结果表明,经打浆处理的天丝纤维得到充分原纤化,分丝帚化较好,能形成几十至几百纳米直径的超细纤维;天丝纤维的加入及其较高的打浆度有利于提高纸张的抗张强度和减小纸张孔径,但加入量过多,打浆度过高不利于提高纸张的吸碱率和吸碱速度;较佳的天丝纤维添加工艺为打浆度35~45°SR、添加量10%~15%。     

超级电容器用原纤化天丝隔膜的制备及性能研究

通过对天丝短切纤维进行打浆处理,获得了具有不同原纤化程度的天丝纤维,并结合湿法成形技术制备得到原纤化天丝隔膜。探究了纤维几何尺寸和形貌对隔膜孔隙结构的影响,对不同孔隙结构隔膜制备的超级电容器电化学性能进行了分析。结果表明,天丝纤维经过不同打浆转数处理后,纤维尺寸和隔膜孔隙结构发生了明显变化。随着打浆转数的增加（20000～250000转）,粗纤维比例显著降低,质均纤维长度从2.29 mm降至0.76 mm。孔隙率从81.2%降至66.3%,隔膜平均孔径从1.20μm降至0.27μm,隔膜厚度从47.7μm降至26.0μm,但不同原纤化天丝隔膜制备的超级电容器的阻抗、比容量、能量密度和功率密度变化并不明显。     

天丝纤维原纤化对纸页吸液性能和孔径的影响

原纤化的天丝纤维可应用于电池隔膜、超级电容器隔膜材料领域,改善隔膜孔径结构,影响隔膜的吸液性能。本文主要对天丝纤维进行原纤化处理,探讨了天丝纤维原纤化过程及不同原纤化阶段对应纸页吸液性能的差异及孔径分布的变化。结果表明,天丝纤维的原纤化主要分为皮层脱落,芯层剥离,切断,纵向劈裂,主体崩溃,进一步剥离等过程;天丝纤维原纤化使得纸张吸液性能发生变化,在打浆度为15°SR时,紧度为0.27g/cm~3,吸液高度为137mm/10min,92°SR时,紧度为0.44 g/cm~3,吸液高度为23 mm/10min;随着原纤化程度的提高,纸页平均孔径和最大孔径呈现下降趋势,打浆度为15°SR时平均孔径为19.97μm,最大孔径为103.4μm,打浆度为92°SR时平均孔径为0.30μm,最大孔径为0.83μm。     

基于溶剂置换的微纳米天丝原纤化纤维干燥与性能表征

对微纳米天丝原纤化纤维的溶剂置换干燥过程进行研究,从溶剂的表面张力、溶剂与纤维的接触角、不同溶剂的配比及置换阶数等方面进行溶剂置换工艺的优化;采用溶剂置换干燥后纤维的微观结构、比表面积等测试结果来考察溶剂置换干燥的效果,并与未溶剂置换处理的干燥效果进行对比。实验结果表明,在使用叔丁醇溶剂时,微纳米天丝原纤化纤维的溶剂置换及干燥效果更好;对比分析不同干燥方式、不同脱气温度下比表面积测试结果,发现当使用叔丁醇溶剂置换冷冻干燥方式且脱气温度为105℃时,微纳米天丝原纤化纤维的B. E. T比表面积测试值结果最高,为29.9 m~2/g,而在同样实验条件下,直接冷冻干燥后微纳米天丝原纤化纤维的B. E. T比表面积测试值仅为15.6 m~2/g。     

对位芳纶浆粕形态结构与性能研究

对比分析了喷射纺丝法(jet-spun)和原纤化处理得到的两种对位芳纶浆粕的比表面积、保水值、动态滤水等特性。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察发现,喷射纺丝法制备得到的浆粕1呈薄膜状,比表面积为26.365 m~2/g;原纤化处理得到的浆粕2中存在纳米级直径的原纤化纤维细丝,比表面积为15.157 m~2/g。动态滤水曲线表明,浆粕1的滤水速率更慢,对滤水的阻碍作用更大。浆粕1的纸基材料抗张指数为42.3 N·m/g,高于浆粕2的;浆粕1与对位芳纶纤维混合抄造的纸基材料抗张指数为34.0 N·m/g,同样高于浆粕2与对位芳纶纤维混合抄造纸基材料的。     

聚丙烯/聚酯双组分微纳米纤维熔喷非织造材料制备及其性能

针对聚丙烯(PP)超细纤维材料韧性不足的问题,以聚酯(PET)和PP为原料,采用共混熔喷法制备了PP/PET双组分微纳米纤维熔喷非织造材料,研究了PP/PET双组分聚合物熔体的流动指数和热性能,并对制备样品的形貌特征和柔韧性进行分析。结果表明:样品形貌为典型的熔喷非织造材料结构特征,细纤维与粗纤维在水平方向上交错排列形成叠合形态;且随PET质量分数从8% 增大到15%,纤维的平均直径从5.52 μm逐渐降低到3.61 μm;在双组分纤维内,PET与PP之间有清晰相界面,且PET以直径为10~100 nm的微纤形式存在;样品的韧性得分随着PET质量分数的提高从29.91增到35.20。     

锌银电池用PVA/天丝隔膜的研制

目前快速激活一次锌银贮备电池的隔膜主要是亲水性隔膜和聚乙烯醇(PVA)隔膜组合使用,但亲水性隔膜存在大孔,且湿抗张强度较低。为提高隔膜材料的性能,本研究利用天丝纤维的原纤化特性结合造纸湿法成形工艺制备得到PVA/天丝隔膜,该隔膜定量为28. 8 g/m~2,湿抗张强度为300 N/m,平均流量孔径为3. 52μm,最大孔径为20. 50μm,1 min吸液高度为10 mm。与定量为25. 5 g/m~2的亲水性隔膜相比,PVA/天丝纤维隔膜具有更高的湿抗张强度、更加均匀细小的孔径。     

湿强剂对原纤化天丝纤维纸张性能的影响

用天丝纤维为原料，制备原纤化天丝纤维，通过湿法抄纸制备原纤化天丝纤维纸张，研究湿强剂聚胺表氯醇树脂（PAE）对纸张抗张强度、透气度、孔隙率及等效串联内阻（ESR）值的影响。结果表明：添加湿强剂PAE有利于提高天丝纤维纸张的抗张强度，但由于PAE交联固化物会聚集在纸张表面对孔洞造成堵塞，导致纸张的透气度及孔隙率降低，从而引起纸张ESR值的增加。     

NECDP/LDPE共混纤维的结构性能

以非相容高聚物共混体系(如PA6/LDPE)熔体纺丝制备基体-微纤型(俗称不定岛型)纤维的工艺路线是目前制备超细纤维合成革的主要技术之一.将基体-微纤型共混纤维溶除LDPE后得到的超细纤维直径可以达到400 nm(0.001 dtex)以下.纤维的刚性与其直径的4次方成反比,因此纤细的非织造布纤维集合体赋予了超细纤维合成革极其柔软的风格.然而,由于纤维直径极小,使其比表面积很大,这直接影响到纤维的染色性能,染色中常会发生色花、色点、色斑、色差以及染色牢度(皂洗、摩擦、汗渍、日晒等牢度)差等缺陷.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press