基于GMS的矿坑涌水量预测与环境影响分析

为了分析矿山开采过程中对矿区及其周边地下水的影响,在分析罗河铁矿矿床地质、水文地质条件的基础上,运用GMS软件对矿区地下水流进行了数值模拟分析。通过模型的识别和检验,所建立的模型能够较好反应该矿山的水文地质条件。运用识别后的模型对矿山涌水量进行了预测,并分析了矿山疏水后对周边环境的影响,为矿山环境保护与生产需水的问题提供科学依据。     

石磙坝锰矿区矿坑涌水量预测

通过对石磙坝锰矿区水文地质条件的深入调查,确定了该矿区是以大气降水、地表河水为充水水源,以基岩裂隙为充水通道的矿床。采用水文地质比拟法和解析法进行矿坑涌水量预测,为矿山下一步开采降排水设计提供依据。     

某铁矿水文地质特征分析与涌水量预测

矿坑涌水量预测是一项比较困难和复杂的工作.在分析某铁矿矿床水文地质特征的基础上,结合矿山开采方案,预测了矿床的正常涌水量与最大涌水量,为矿山设计与施工提供参考,具有重要的现实意义.     

司家营铁矿北区矿坑涌水量预测

司家营铁矿北区位于滦河二级阶地和河漫滩上,矿区水文地质条件较为复杂,包含4个含水岩组。利用大井法和数值法对矿区各开采中段的涌水量进行了预测,结果证明两种方法计算结果较为接近,并且与矿山生产采场的实际涌水量相符,但数值模拟法相对误差更小,其计算结果可推荐为采场防排水设计依据。     

查岗诺尔铁矿水文地质特征及矿坑涌水量预测

新疆和静县查岗诺尔铁矿区含水岩层(体)与透水层分为6种类型,矿床充水的主要来源是降水和高山冰川融水(融雪水、融冰水)的下渗。岩溶裂隙一般比非岩溶裂隙充水程度强,突水为矿坑充水的主要表现形式,矿坑涌水量预测采用水文地质比拟法。矿区地下水以静储量为主,静储量排泄后,流量便会变小,趋于稳定。     

某锡矿水文地质特征分析与涌水量预测

矿坑涌水量预测是一项比较困难和复杂的工作。在分析某锡矿区矿床水文地质特征的基础上,采用水文地质比拟法和地下水动力学法对矿坑涌水量进行了初步预测,为矿山设计与施工提供参考。     

某萤石矿井水文地质特征分析及涌水量预测

以某萤石矿为例,在分析矿井水文地质特征的基础上,指出矿井的主要充水因素,并采用"大井法"和集水廊道法预测了矿区首开区的涌水量,各开采中段的预测结果分别为73.4、260.6、306.6、326.7、169.1 m3/d,为地下水疏排工程设计提供了设计依据。     

山东某铁矿矿床充水因素分析及矿坑涌水量预测

山东莱新铁矿水文地质条件复杂,根据地质资料和近几年矿坑水文资料,对矿床充水因素进行了详细分析研究,并在此基础上采用Q-P曲线外推法和解析法重新进行了涌水量预测,经对比分析,预测结果基本符合实际,为该铁矿安全生产提供了指导性意见。     

某铁矿二期工程帷幕注浆后的涌水量预测

针对某铁矿二期工程采矿范围内的水文地质条件和矿井充水因素及以往报告中该铁矿二期工程采矿范围内的矿坑涌水量预测值进行了分析,基于该矿一期工程帷幕注浆的堵水率和解析法分别预测了该铁矿二期工程实施帷幕注浆工程以后的矿坑涌水量。综合预测结果为:二期帷幕工程以后的正常矿坑涌水量为20093 m3/d,二期帷幕工程以后最大矿坑涌水量为31212.7 m3/d。根据预测结果和矿山实际情况,提出了一些建议。     

大场金矿区水文地质特征及矿坑涌水量预测

通过广泛调查青海省曲麻莱县大场金矿区的水文地质情况,从水文地质条件、地下水补给、径流、排泄条件、充水情况等方面研究了影响大场金矿区地下水涌水量的因素。结合单孔抽水试验资料,运用承压-无压层流稳定流完整井"大井法"公式计算了大场金矿区矿坑涌水量,从而可以作为矿山防治水措施的选择和施行的参考。     

化学洗井在东北地区露天疏干工程中的应用

通过对化学洗井原理、技术的充分论述,并分析在实例当中的应用,阐明了这种技术对露天矿疏干的重要应用价值。     

煤矿排水设备效率分析

结合煤矿生产实际,分析了影响煤矿排水设备效率及吨水百米电耗的原因,找出提高效率、降低电耗的方法与措施以保证水泵的稳定运行,从而提高了企业经济效益。     

淮南矿区开采煤层顶板抽放瓦斯技术的研究

针对淮南矿区低透气性高瓦斯煤层开采过程中采煤工作面上隅角和回风流中浓度超限、瓦斯事故时有发生但又缺乏合理有效的根治技术这一难题,开展了淮南矿区开采煤层项板抽放瓦斯技术的研究．通过采空区顶板岩层移动的理论分析,采用数值模拟计算、实验室相似材料试验和工业性试验研究方法,找到了顶板抽放瓦斯钻孔或顶板巷道合理布置的位置,采煤工作面瓦斯抽放率达到60％以上,使淮南矿区采煤工作面瓦斯灾害问题得到了根治．     

Valorization of acid mine drainage treatment sludge as remediation component to control acid generation from mine wastes,part 2: Field experimentation

The possibility of using acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment sludge as a cover component to control AMD generation from mine wastes was investigated through laboratory characterization and kinetic column testing (companion paper). The results showed that mixtures of sludge and waste rock, and sludge and tailings, may be integrated in an AMD prevention and control strategy at Doyon mine site (northwestern Quebec, Canada). In order to further investigate these scenarios in realistic climatic conditions, instrumented field test cells were installed on site to evaluate the performance of the mixtures to control AMD generation from tailings and waste rock under natural field conditions. The main findings from two seasons of monitoring are presented in the paper. The waste rock-sludge mixture placed over waste rock was able to reduce the generation of AMD from the waste rock, therefore confirming lab results, and was able to produce a neutral effluent with low concentrations of dissolved metals. The tailings-sludge mixture placed over tailings, with an evaporation protection layer, maintained a high volumetric water content and reduced sulphide oxidation from the tailings as exhibited by a neutral effluent. Monitoring of the field cells will continue to provide valuable information on the possible sludge valorization options.     

Valorisation of acid mine drainage treatment sludge as remediation component to control acid generation from mine wastes,part 1: Material characterization and laboratory kinetic testing

In operating mines, acid mine drainage (AMD) is often treated using lime treatment. This process generates a significant amount of sludge that contains metal hydroxide precipitates, gypsum, and unreacted lime. The sludge may have interesting geotechnical and geochemical properties to be used as a part of covers (oxygen barriers) to prevent AMD generation from waste rocks and tailings. The main results of a project aiming to evaluate the use of sludge from the Doyon mine site (Canada) as a material in mine site rehabilitation are presented. The first part of the project involved detailed characterization of sludge, waste rock, and tailings samples. Then, laboratory column leaching tests were performed to evaluate the performance of the mixtures to control AMD produced by tailings and waste rocks. It was found that a sludge–waste rock mixture placed over waste rock reduces the metal loads in the column effluent, which remained acidic, as well as a mixture of sludge and tailings deposited over tailings can reduce metal content in effluents from tailings.     

阿勒泰某金矿采矿方法优化研究

阿勒泰某金矿目前使用浅孔留矿法开采,具有明显的优点和突出的缺点。随着矿脉在深部合并、变厚,为实现矿山安全高效开采,需要对采矿方法进行优化。本文对该矿上部采空区的稳定性进行了评价,设计了优选出的阶段空场嗣后充填采矿法,并提出了充填系统框图。阶段空场嗣后充填采矿法试验采场的采准施工正在进行中,可以预计采矿作业的安全性和经济效益将大幅提高。     

基于解释结构模型的煤矿瓦斯抽采影响因素分析

运用系统工程的原理分析得到影响煤矿瓦斯抽采的12个因素,依据各因素间的逻辑关系,按解释结构模型方法建立了影响煤矿瓦斯抽采的多级阶梯结构模型,得出各因素相互间的内在联系和层次关系.结果表明,影响煤矿瓦斯抽采最深层次的因素在于抽采成本和抽采收益,提出加强低成本、高效率的瓦斯抽采方法研究和煤层气(煤矿瓦斯)高效益利用方式研究是今后的发展方向;分析结果同时表明,用解释结构模型分析煤矿瓦斯抽采影响因素是科学合理的.     

The effect of particle size on acid mine drainage generation: Kinetic column tests

The rate of acid mine drainage (AMD) generation is directly proportional to the surface area and so to the particle size distribution of acid-forming minerals exposed to oxidation. Materials in various particle sizes are subject to weathering processes at field condition; however, the particle size dependent oxidation rate has not been investigated for understanding entire geochemical behavior at a mining site. Therefore, a comprehensive research program was aimed to investigate the effect of particle size on pH variation and acid mine drainage generation using kinetic column tests, and then to find convenient methodologies for upscaling laboratory-based results to the field condition. For this purpose, ore samples collected from Murgul Damar open-pit mining were grinded in three different particle size distributions that are coarse (minus 22.5 mm), medium (minus 3.35 mm) and fine (minus 0.625 mm) sizes, 34 columns were designed in different dimensions for kinetic column tests. It was found that the cumulative concentration of the many constituents measured from medium particles (minus 3.35 mm) are higher than coarser samples due to decreasing specific surface area with increasing particle size. Similarly, because of decreasing of hydraulic conductivity with increasing the fine content, the cumulative concentration of constituents measured from medium particles (minus 3.35 mm) are also higher than finer particles (minus 0.625 mm). Based on statistical and analytical analyses of the results of kinetic column tests, the time required to initiate acid formation at field condition varied between 489 and 1002 days depending on particle size distribution. In addition, considering the effect of particle size and the results of related statistical analysis, main oxidation (SO₄²⁻) and neutralization (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺ etc.) products were also successfully upscaled to the field condition.     

矿井瓦斯抽采系统能力评价方法与应用研究

针对我国煤矿瓦斯抽采系统存在的问题,基于当前国家法律法规及矿井瓦斯抽采实际需要,研究了一种评价煤矿瓦斯抽采系统能力的方法,为矿井瓦斯抽采系统改进与优化提供重要依据。通过对比多种指标理论计算值与矿井实际现状,对矿井当前抽采系统能力进行合理评价,并在煤矿进行了应用。实践表明,该评价方法操作便捷,符合矿井实际情况,对矿井瓦斯抽采系统管理具有指导意义。     

矿区防护林带动力效应的预测分析

为了更好地发挥防护林带在矿区生态环境保护中的效用,采用数值模拟的方法预测防护林带的绕林流场,其中将气流-树木相互作用视为阻力项添加到动量控制方程中,由障碍物表面对空气流动的阻力来描述林带的遮蔽效应.通过对雷诺时均控制方程的离散求解,得到了通风型条状林带、疏透型网状林带、紧密型块状林带各自对应的流场、压力场和湍流动能场的分布.结果表明:不仅林冠疏透度对防护林带的遮蔽防风有明显影响,而且树木间的株距对林带整体的遮蔽效果也有比较显著的影响,为避免穿流风对遮蔽效应的影响,林带宽距比不宜超过1.3;疏透度为31%的网状林带的有效防护范围大,防风效果好而且水土保持性强;紧密型块状林带,林后速度衰减幅度大,可抑制附着在叶片上粉尘的再次扬尘.