独立光伏系统的储能技术研究

储能环节是独立光伏系统的重要组成部分,其优劣直接影响到光伏系统的好坏。文章简要介绍了独立光伏发电系统、储能技术的特殊要求,分析比较了各种储能技术的基本原理、技术特点、发展现状和储能技术在光伏系统中的适用性。     

工业化储能技术及其飞轮储能的应用

文章主要介绍了工业化贮能的三种主要技术,即:电磁贮能、化学贮能和物理贮能。从六个方面比较了工业化储能的技术特征,对典型的储能方式进行了比较。分析了飞轮储能的技术优势,给出了飞轮储能的应用领域。     

新型储能装置——超级电化学电容器应用前景光明

超级电容器也称电化学电容器，具有良好的脉冲性能和大容量储能性能．质量轻。循环性能好，是一种新型绿色环保的储能装置，近年来受到科学研究人员的广泛重视和应用市场的关注，本重点介绍了超级电容器的性能优势．研究进展及应用领域，以期在倡导建设节约型社会中．使相关厂家．商家和消费对这一新型结能器件有所了解和以识。[编按]     

钒电池——储能技术中的热点（上）

钒电池是一种活性物质呈循环流动液态的氧化还原电池。钒电池和传统的铅酸电池,镍镉电池相此,它在设计上有许多独特之处,性能上也适用于多种工业场合,比如可以替代油机、备用电源等。文中余绍了钒电池的结构和工作原理、特点和应用,并指出我国钒矿储量据世界第一位和钒电池储能系统放术的进步,必将展现我国在钒电池储能系统技术和应用上的良好前景。     

钒电池一储能技术中的热点（下）

钒电池是—种性物质呈循环流动液态的氧化还原电池。钒电池和传统的铅酸电池、 镍镉电池相比．它在设计上有许多独特之处,性能上也适用于多种工业场合,比如可以替代油机、备 用电源等,文中介绍了钒电池的结构和工作原理、特点和应用。并指出我国钒矿储量据世界第一位 和钒电池储能系统技术的进步,必将展现我国在钒电池储能量系统技术和应用上的良好前景。     

氧化镍锂的合成及其电化学性能研究

采用热固相法合成氧化镍锂,研究了不同合成条件（原料配比、反应气氛、反应温度）对合成产物放电性能的影响。     

石墨烯在超级电容器及电池领域应用进展

石墨烯因其高的比表面积、优异的导电性、高的电子迁移率和特殊的二维柔性结构,过去十余年在能源领域引发了极大的关注,电化学储能领域被认为是最有可能在短期内实现石墨烯规模应用的产业领域,特别是在超级电容器和电池领域。本文回顾了近年来石墨烯在超级电容器和电池中的应用,介绍了石墨烯导电剂和储能材料在超级电容器中的应用,以及石墨烯在锂电池电极材料和涂层铝箔中的应用。指出了目前石墨烯材料的品质和成本问题仍是严重制约它在储能领域规模化应用的核心要素。未来,迫切需要石墨烯全产业链的协调合作,推进石墨烯储能材料的研发、生产及应用。     

互联网新型服务质量保障技术研究

网络流量规模高速增长且视频化趋势日益严重,使得传统网络为了数据传输而设计的体系架构在服务质量(QoS)保障、灵活性、可扩展性等方面经受着严峻的考验。工业界和学术界提出了很多新型网络体系结构,力求在体系结构层面增强网络的QoS保障能力。从"改良式"和"革命式"两种思路对互联网新型服务质量保障技术进行了详细分析,并介绍了可重构网络的宏电路技术且给出了部署考虑。可重构网络体系结构能以其对业务的适应性、功能的可扩展性等特点,适应未来网络业务发展,满足现有网络兼容融合演进的需求,为未来网络的QoS保障设计提供了一个解决途径。     

新型石墨导电剂及其电化学性能

人造石墨通过HClO4/CH3COOH/KMnO4氧化插层、膨胀、气流粉碎制得一种新型石墨导电剂AG-1。结果表明:它具有更小的粒度,更大的比表面积,更高的克比容量和更高的首次充放电效率;其作为导电剂添加到锂离子电池正极中提高了电池活性物质的容量发挥,降低了电池内阻,并改善电池的循环性能:正极活性物质克比容量发挥从138.3 mAh/g提升到140.9 mAh/g,电池内阻从56.5 m降到了54.0 m,300次循环后的容量保持率达91.1%。     

Complex Hydrides for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Complex hydrides have energy storage‐related functions such as i) solid‐state hydrogen storage, ii) electrochemical Li storage, and iii) fast Li‐ and Na‐ionic conductions. Here, recent progress on the development of fast Li‐ionic conductors based on the complex hydrides is reported. The validity of using them as electrolytes in all‐solid‐state lithium rechargeable batteries is also examined. Not only coated oxides but also bare sulfides are found to be applicable as positive electrode active materials. Results related to fast Na‐ionic conductivity in the complex hydrides are presented. In the last section, the future prospects for battery assemblies with high‐energy densities, and Mg ion batteries with the liquid and the solid‐state electrolytes are discussed.     

太阳能热利用储热材料的研究与应用

储热材料在太阳能热利用过程中发挥着重要作用,本文综述了各类储热材料的研究与应用。从显热储热和相变储热两个方面分别介绍了低温和中高温储热材料的研究进展,分析了各类储热材料的特点,并展望了今后太阳能热利用储热材料的应用前景及研究方向。     

Design and Synthesis of Hierarchical Nanowire Composites for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Nanocomposites of interpenetrating carbon nanotubes and vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) nanowires networks are synthesized via a simple in situ hydrothermal process. These fibrous nanocomposites are hierarchically porous with high surface area and good electric conductivity, which makes them excellent material candidates for supercapacitors with high energy density and power density. Nanocomposites with a capacitance up to 440 and 200 F g^?1 are achieved at current densities of 0.25 and 10 A g^?1, respectively. Asymmetric devices based on these nanocomposites and aqueous electrolyte exhibit an excellent charge/discharge capability, and high energy densities of 16 W h kg^?1 at a power density of 75 W kg^?1 and 5.5 W h kg^?1 at a high power density of 3 750 W kg^?1. This performance is a significant improvement over current electrochemical capacitors and is highly competetive with Ni–MH batteries. This work provides a new platform for high‐density electrical‐energy storage for electric vehicles and other applications.     

Synthesis and Modification of Boron Nitride Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage: From Theory to Application

As a conventional insulating material, boron nitride (BN) has been mainly investigated in the electronics field. Very recently, with the development of preparation/modification technology and deeper understanding of the electrochemical mechanisms, BN-based nanomaterials have made significant progress in the field of electrochemistry. Exploiting the characteristics of BN for advanced electrochemical devices is expected to be a breakthrough that will stimulate a new energy revolution. Owing to its chemical and thermal stability, as well as its high mechanical strength, BN can alleviate various inherent problems in electrochemical systems, such as thermal deformation of conventional organic separators, weak solid electrolyte interface layers of metal anodes, and electrocatalyst poisoning. The integration of BN with various electrochemical energy technologies is systematically summarized from the perspectives of material preparation, theoretical calculations, and practical applications. Moreover, the challenges and prospects for the future development of BN-based electrochemistry are highlighted.     

Regulating Intercalation of Layered Compounds for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis

Layered materials have received extensive attention for widespread applications such as energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and ion transport owing to their fast ion diffusion, exfoliative feature, superior mechanical flexibility, tunable bandgap structure, etc. The presence of large interlayer space between each layer enhances intercalation of the guest ion or molecule, which is beneficial for fast ion diffusion and charge transport along the channels. This intercalation reaction of layered compounds with guest species results in material with improved mechanical and electronic properties for efficient energy storage and conversion, catalysis, ion transport, and other applications. This review extensively discusses the intercalation of guest ionic or molecular species into layered materials used for various types of applications. It assesses the intercalation strategies, mechanism of ionic or molecular intercalation reactions, and highlights recent advancements. The electrochemical performances of several typical intercalated materials in batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalytic systems have been thoroughly discussed. Moreover, the challenges in the design and intercalation of layered materials, as well as prospects of future development are highlighted.     

The Applications of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Water-in-salt electrolytes (WISEs) have attracted widespread attention due to their non-flammability, environmental friendliness, and wider electrochemical stability window than conventional dilute aqueous electrolytes. When applied in the electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, WISEs can offer many advantages such as high-level safety, manufacturing efficiency, as well as, superior electrochemical performances. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a timely and comprehensive summary of WISEs and their EES applications. In this review, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the WISEs are first introduced. Then, the research progresses of the WISEs using different metal salts and their analogues are summarized. Next, the current research progresses of WISEs applied in different EES devices (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors) as well as the insights into challenging and future perspectives are systematically discussed.     

Non-van der Waals 2D Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

The development of advanced electrode materials for the next generation of electrochemical energy storage (EES) solutions has attracted profound research attention as a key enabling technology toward decarbonization and electrification of transportation. Since the discovery of graphene's remarkable properties, 2D nanomaterials, derivatives, and heterostructures thereof, have emerged as some of the most promising electrode components in batteries and supercapacitors owing to their unique and tunable physical, chemical, and electronic properties, commonly not observed in their 3D counterparts. This review particularly focuses on recent advances in EES technologies related to 2D crystals originating from non-layered 3D solids (non-van der Waals; nvdW) and their hallmark features pertaining to this field of application. Emphasis is given to the methods and challenges in top-down and bottom-up strategies toward nvdW 2D sheets and their influence on the materials’ features, such as charge transport properties, functionalization, or adsorption dynamics. The exciting advances in nvdW 2D-based electrode materials of different compositions and mechanisms of operation in EES are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of nvdW 2D systems are highlighted not only in electrochemical energy storage but also in other applications, including spintronics, magnetism, and catalysis.     

Direct Ink Writing of Adjustable Electrochemical Energy Storage Device with High Gravimetric Energy Densities

3D printing graphene aerogel with periodic microlattices has great prospects for various practical applications due to their low density, large surface area, high porosity, excellent electrical conductivity, good elasticity, and designed lattice structures. However, the low specific capacitance limits their development in energy storage fields due to the stacking of graphene. Therefore, constructing a graphene‐based 2D materials hybridization aerogel that consists of the pseduocapacitive substance and graphene material is necessary for enhancing electrochemical performance. Herein, 3D printing periodic graphene‐based composite hybrid aerogel microlattices (HAMs) are reported via 3D printing direct ink writing technology. The rich porous structure, high electrical conductivity, and highly interconnected networks of the HAMs aid electron and ion transport, further enabling excellent capacitive performance for supercapacitors. An asymmetric supercapacitor device is assembled by two different 4‐mm‐thick electrodes, which can yield high gravimetric specific capacitance (C_g) of 149.71 F g^?1 at a current density of 0.5 A g^?1 and gravimetric energy density (E_g) of 52.64 Wh kg^?1, and retains a capacitance retention of 95.5% after 10 000 cycles. This work provides a general strategy for designing the graphene‐based mixed‐dimensional hybrid architectures, which can be utilized in energy storage fields.     

Nanostructured Spinel Manganates and Their Composites for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Spinel manganates (AMn₂O₄; A = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe; collectively referred to as AMO) are promising electrode materials for water electrolyzers, pseudocapacitors, and batteries owing to their inherent advantages such as valence variability, high catalytic activity, conductivity, stability, low-cost, and environmental friendliness. Nanostructured materials, with a large surface area and short ion diffusion length, offer great potential for achieving enhanced electrochemical performance. This review summarizes spinel manganates with various nanostructured morphologies and discusses the impact of the structure and composition on the electrochemical performance. The review demonstrates that nanostructured spinel manganates with preferred A-site cation significantly improve the thermodynamics and electrochemical reaction kinetics at solid–liquid and solid–solid interfaces. Notably, faceted, hollow, 1D nanostructured CoMn₂O₄ and its nanocomposites (CoMn/CoMn₂O₄ and NiMn₂O₄/C) exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance. The review also provides an overview of the importance of energy conversion and storage, and the advantages of spinel manganates as electrode materials. Additionally, the review describes feasible methods of synthesizing AMO nanostructures and nanocomposites. The insights provided in this review are expected to contribute to the synthesis of spinel manganates with desired morphologies and compositions, enabling the future development of efficient electrode materials for energy conversion and storage devices.