中压电网中光伏逆变器故障穿越控制策略

针对分布式发电系统的中压电网技术导则(MVD),以三相三电平光伏并网逆变器为研究对象,在电网发生对称故障时,功率不平衡会导致逆变器直流母线电压不稳定和逆变器输出电流过冲,此时采用直接功率控制方法,使光伏逆变器按照入网导则的要求进行故障穿越;当电网发生三相不对称故障时,采用改进的正、负序电流双环控制器,抑制负序电流,使逆变器能稳定工作且向电网供应THD值较小的电流,在保证电能质量的前提下实现故障穿越。     

三电平光伏并网逆变器低电压穿越的控制策略

为满足光伏逆变器并网要求,针对电网电压在对称跌落和不对称跌落情况,分别采用不同的低电压穿越控制策略。当发生对称跌落时,封锁电压外环,电流内环给定指定值;当发生不对称跌落时,采用电压前馈算法有效抑制跌落瞬间的电流冲击;快速的正负序分量提取和精确的电网电压同步信号,保证控制信号提取的实时性;抑制负序电流分量,保持三相电流平衡并动态调节无功电流输出,满足无功支撑要求;有源阻尼控制将保证系统的稳定运行。基于10 k W三电平光伏并网逆变器,进行Matlab/Simulink仿真和现场实验。结果表明,控制策略能有效抑制并网电流的瞬间冲击并具有较高的正弦度,从而保证在电网发生跌落期间的安全穿越。     

不平衡电压条件下VSG-SST控制策略

当低压配电网电压不平衡时，产生的负序分量将引起传统VSG控制中SST输出级发生电流不平衡和功率振荡现象，为此该文提出基于改进VSG的T型三电平输出级联合控制策略，以提高输出级电能质量。首先，对不平衡电压下VSG电流不平衡及功率振荡进行机理分析；其次，基于VSG控制算法和瞬时功率理论设计新型电流基准发生器，与正负序电流调节器实现级联控制，以此保障SST输出电流平衡及有功/无功功率恒定，实现不同运行工况的可靠切换；最后，对正负序分量分离方法和中点电位平衡算法进行分析研究，并对控制策略进行仿真验证。结果表明，所提联合控制策略有效可行，能保障电压三相不平衡工况下SST输出级并网电流功率质量。     

级联H桥光伏并网逆变器的无锁相环控制策略

级联H桥光伏并网系统采用多电平调制方法和各模块独立的MPPT控制,具有较高的效率,但是系统控制性能受锁相环影响较大,当电网电压畸变时锁相环的测量准确度会受到严重影响,使系统控制性能下降,尤其是在功率不平衡的情况下会出现过调制,导致系统不稳定。为此,提出一种应用在级联H桥光伏并网逆变器的无锁相环控制策略。该策略在基于无功补偿的级联H桥光伏并网逆变器控制策略的基础上,采用电网电压基波同步信号算法,在电网电压畸变时无需锁相环即可获取与电网电压基波同频同相的正、余弦信号,较好地满足了系统在功率平衡、功率不平衡2种工作状态下的控制要求。仿真结果和实验结果都验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

基于双二阶广义积分锁频环的光伏并网发电系统仿真研究

电网不对称故障时,光伏发电系统中的负序分量和谐波分量会影响并网逆变器中的锁相环及控制算法。文章提出一种具有自适应滤波的双二阶广义积分锁频环技术,用于电网电压和并网电流正负序分量的提取以及电网电压同步信号的检测,并将该技术引入到正负序双电流环控制策略,通过优化不平衡控制策略中锁相环的方法,提升光伏并网逆变器整个控制系统应对电网不对称故障的能力。通过Matlab/Simulink软件平台搭建基于DSOGI-FLL锁频环的光伏并网发电系统模型并进行了仿真研究,结果表明,文章控制策略在电网不对称故障时有助于消除有功功率的2倍频波动以及抑制并网电流中的谐波分量。     

一种改进的光伏并网逆变器双闭环控制策略

文章提出了一种改进的光伏并网逆变器双闭环控制策略。外环为直流电压环,维持直流母线电压恒定,并始终跟随参考值;内环采用电感电流实时反馈与电网电压前馈补偿的复合控制方式,抑制电网电压波动对系统带来的扰动,实现光伏逆变器的并网功率控制。以两级式并网光伏发电系统为控制对象,验证所提出控制策略的正确性与有效性。实验结果表明,当外界光照条件发生变化时,系统具有良好的动态性能。     

功率前馈的T型三相三电平光伏并网逆变器快速有限集模型预测控制

为加快T型三电平光伏并网系统的动态响应速度,同时避免传统有限集模型预测控制中预测模型和代价函数在线计算量大的不足,在αβ静止坐标系下提出一种功率前馈的快速矢量选择有限集模型预测并网控制方法。该方法在传统电压外环中引入光伏阵列输出功率前馈作为电流内环的参考值;并结合空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)思想,只允许接近逆变器输出参考电压矢量的开关状态参与在线计算与评估。通过Matlab搭建系统仿真模型,与未采用功率前馈及传统有限集模型预测进行对比分析。仿真结果表明:采用功率前馈的快速有限集模型预测控制策略在跟踪参考电流、平衡中点电位方面具有良好的静、动态性能。     

两级式光伏并网逆变器无差拍控制研究

针对两级式三相光伏并网逆变器的特点,文章采用瞬时功率外环和无差拍控制电流内环的双环控制策略。推导了三相光伏并网逆变器的离散数学模型,外环采取瞬时功率控制方法,省略了传统无差拍电流控制方法中的电流预测环节,简化了逆变器的控制系统。仿真结果表明,在光照导致光伏电池输出功率波动的情况下,该控制策略依然能保证光伏并网逆变器最大限度地输出功率,且并网逆变器的输出电流能够准确、快速地跟踪电网电压,实现了功率因数接近1。     

基于LCL滤波器的单相光伏并网逆变控制器设计

详细叙述了基于LCL滤波器的单相光伏并网逆变器的电流双环控制策略,并对其稳定性进行了分析。为了减少电网电压波动对并网电流的影响,在控制系统中增加了电网电压前馈控制,并对电压前馈控制器进行了设计。此外,设计了电流内外环控制器的参数,通过仿真对控制系统的性能进行了验证。结果表明,设计的控制器能够有效减小入网电流的总谐波失真(THD),使并网逆变器稳定工作。     

基于电压补偿的定直流电压及无功控制的光伏系统

在光伏并网运行中,当电网电压不平衡时会导致电压、电流等的波动,从而影响电网电能质量及系统的稳定性。结合电压补偿控制等环节,提出了一种基于电压补偿控制的定直流电压、无功控制策略,将采集到的正、负序电压经电压补偿控制环节得到电压的不平衡系数,对电网电压的不平衡度进行补偿,并引入负序电流抑制环节。在PSCAD中分别设计搭建了改进前后的仿真模型,并对光伏并网发电系统的动态变化特性进行研究。仿真结果表明,在光照强度和温度阶跃扰动下,系统能够迅速做出响应并工作于最大功率点处,电压及电流波动幅度减小,电网电能质量得到明显改善,验证了MPPT算法及改进后控制策略的准确性及有效性。     

基于PR控制和谐波补偿的三相光伏并网系统

将电网电压定向矢量控制与比例谐振(PR)控制相结合的控制策略应用于三相光伏并网系统中,实现逆变器的并网控制。该控制策略比传统PI调节器的双闭环电网电压定向控制更简便,不需要复杂的坐标旋转变换和前馈解耦控制。同时,PR控制器可以很方便地实现并网电流低次谐波的补偿。仿真结果验证了该系统的结构和控制策略的有效性,可提高电网的电能质量。     

Power conditioning system for grid-connected photovoltaic system

This study develops a new control strategy for an expandable grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed system performs dual functions of a PV generation and an active power filter, or either one. To this end, the grid current, instead of output current of the converter, is shaped to be a sinusoidal current in phase (or opposite phase) with the grid voltage. Furthermore, its reference current is generated in multiplying the voltage loop controller output by the grid voltage waveform, and therefore non-active components analysis for harmonics elimination and reactive power compensation in the conventional design is not necessary. As a result, the algorithm is simple and easy to implement, and only one sensor for current detection plus two voltage sensors are required. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于模型预测控制的虚拟同步发电机控制策略

为了提高惯性和促进电网恢复,提出一种基于LCL型并网逆变器的虚拟同步发电机模型预测控制（MPC-VSG）策略。该方法在模型预测控制（MPC）中引入虚拟同步发电机（VSG）控制输出电流内环的参考值,使内环电流参考值可随电网电压和频率变化。基于Matlab搭建仿真模型,和MPC控制方法相对比和分析。仿真结果表明：当逆变器输出功率发生变化时,采用VSG的模型预测控制可增加电网的惯性和稳定性,改善系统暂态过程。     

基于双序前馈解耦的光伏逆变器并网控制策略

为了消除三相不平衡LCL型光伏并网逆变器在同步旋转坐标下耦合项对电流控制性能的影响,该文提出适用于逆变侧电流反馈的双序前馈解耦的方法。通过双旋转剔除耦合项中负序直流量,使用正序直流量进行前馈解耦,实现电网电压和变换耦合项对控制环路的零干扰。在PI控制的基础上加入重复控制,抑制死区效应,降低并网电流谐波含量。通过仿真和实验,验证所提控制策略的有效性。     

基于LC滤波的光伏逆变器电感电流反馈控制策略研究

针对光伏并网逆变器的特点,基于电感电流反馈控制的光伏并网逆变器,提出了参考电流相位超前的电流内环控制策略。通过分析单相并网逆变器结构,推导了LC滤波器上电压电流矢量关系。加入电网电压瞬时值前馈解耦控制,研究了比例调节和准比例谐振调节两种策略下参考电流与输出电流的关联。基于一台3 kW逆变器为实验平台的理论分析和实验结果表明,采用该策略的逆变器并网电流时刻跟踪电网电压频率和相位,功率因数为1,并网电流谐波失真度低于3%。     

Probabilistic Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network based reactive power control for grid-connected three-phase PV system during grid faults

This study presents a reactive power controller using Probabilistic Wavelet Fuzzy Neural Network (PWFNN) for grid-connected three-phase PhotoVoltaic (PV) system during grid faults. The controller also considers the ratio of the injected reactive current to meet the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) regulation. Moreover, the balance of the active power between the PV panel and the grid-connected inverter during grid faults is controlled by the dc-link bus voltage. Furthermore, to reduce the risk of over-current during LVRT operation, a current limit is predefined for the injection of reactive current. The main contribution of this study is the introduction of the PWFNN controller for reactive and active power control that provides LVRT operation with power balance under various grid fault conditions. Finally, some experimental tests are realized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Power quality investigation of a solar PV transformer-less grid-connected system fed DVR

This paper presents a single stage transformer-less grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with an active and reactive power control. In the absence of active input power, the grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) is operated in a reactive power generation mode, which powers the control circuitry, and maintains a regulated DC voltage to the VSC. A data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme which performs power quality control at a maximum power by reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid injected current as per IEEE-519/1547 standards is implemented. A proportional-integral (PI) controller based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) control scheme is implemented which controls the grid side converter during single-phase to ground fault. The analysis includes the grid current THD along with the corresponding variation of the active and reactive power during the fault condition. The MPPT tracks the actual variable DC link voltage while deriving the maximum power from the solar PV array, and maintains the DC link voltage constant by changing the modulation index of the VSC. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and validations of the proposed novel MPPT and DVR control systems under different environmental conditions.     

基于分频控制的微电网储能变流器并网电能质量主动控制策略

阐述了基于锁相环误差补偿的谐波无功电流检测及多目标电流的生成方法,并提出一种基于分频控制的微电网并网电流电能质量主动提升控制策略,结合比例谐振(PR)控制器所具有的频率选址特性,实现了对特定次频率分量的零稳态误差控制,利用储能交流器(PCS)剩余容量快速并精确的选择性补偿谐波和无功电流,在此基础上,PCS模糊PR控制根据模糊规则表在线调整并整定了PR比例和积分参数,进而有效实现了对PCS的分频控制,提高了对电能质量治理的响应速度和控制精度,最后,搭建含储能装置的微电网并网运行平台开展相关实验测试,验证了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

SMC-DPC based active and reactive power control of grid-tied three phase inverter for PV systems

In this paper, sliding mode control (SMC) – direct power controller (DPC) based active and reactive power controller for three-phase grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed. The proposed system consists of two main controllers: the DC/DC boost converter to track the possible maximum power from the PV panels and the grid-tied three-phase inverter. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is used to transfer the maximum power from the PV panels. Control of the active and reactive powers is performed using the SMC-DPC strategy without any rotating coordinate transformations or phase angle tracking of the grid voltage. In addition, extra current control cycles are not used to simplify the system design and to increase transient performance. The fixed switching frequency is obtained by using space vector modulation (SVM). The proposed system provides very good results both in transient and steady states with the simple algorithms of P&O and SMC-DPC methods. Moreover, the results are evaluated by comparing the SMC-DPC method developed for MPPT and the traditional PI control method. The proposed controller method is achieved with TMS320F28335 DSP processor and the system is experimentally tested for 12 kW PV generation systems.     

Power quality improvement of solar photovoltaic transformer-less grid-connected system with maximum power point tracking control

This paper presents a transformer-less single-stage grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with active reactive power control. In the absence of active input power, grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) is operated in the reactive power generation mode, which powers control circuitry and maintains regulated DC voltage. Control scheme has been implemented so that the grid-connected converter continuously serves local load. A data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been implemented at maximum power which performs power quality control by reducing total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid-injected current under varying environmental conditions. Standards (IEEE-519/1547) stipulates that current with THD greater than 5% cannot be injected into the grid by any distributed generation (DG) source. MPPT tracks actual variable DC link voltage while deriving maximum power from PV array and maintains DC link voltage constant by changing the converter modulation index. Simulation results with the PV model and MPPT technique validations demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed system.