双源净计数法测定航空γ能谱仪的死时间

对γ能谱仪死时间产生的原因、死时间的表示方法、传统双源法的有关理论、测量方法以及一种新型的航空伽玛能谱仪做了简单介绍。在单晶探头连接条件下,通过对无屏蔽的双源净计数法、无屏蔽直接忽略本底、铅屏蔽条件下忽略本底、屏蔽条件下的净计数取得的计算结果进行对比,证明了双源净计数法的有效性,并利用该方法对新型航空γ能谱仪进行了死时间测量,给出了有关结论和建议。     

塑料闪烁体的闪烁时间特性

采用137Cs激发塑料闪烁体发光,应用单光子计数法测量塑料闪烁体发光衰减曲线。根据测量原理搭建了实验平台,测量了ST401和EJ232两种闪烁体的闪烁时间特性。实验结果用双指数拟合法进行分析可得,ST401发光衰减常数为2.9 ns和50 ns,EJ232发光衰减常数为1.6 ns和30 ns。实验平台所测幅度动态范围大于104,时间分辨小于0.8 ns。从统计学分析单光子计数法的物理过程,并采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟整个探测过程,探讨单光子计数法的适用条件。实验结果与数值模拟结果相洽。若终止探测器平均探测到的光子数不大于0.1,则多道测量结果可以近似为塑料闪烁体发光衰减曲线。     

Ge（Li）探测器的体源峰效率刻度

本文介绍了用点源模拟法来刻度体源峰效率的方法和刻度结果,并与直接体源法相比较,误差约为5％。     

ST401型塑料闪烁体闪烁时间测量

应用放射源激发闪烁体发光,测量发光时间特性的单光子计数法,以及按单光子计数原理建立的测量装置,对国产ST401型普通塑料闪烁体的闪烁衰减时间进行了测量,结果为(2.60 ±0.18)ns.该装置的时间分辨率小于1.8ns,幅度动态范围大于104,测量精度好于0.1ns,并可以测量多组份发光时间的闪烁体的时间特性.     

用4πβ-γ符合法和液体闪烁计数法标定~(60) C。活度

在放射性活度绝对测量方法中,4πβ-γ符合法和液体闪烁计数法是应用较广的两种方法。4πβ-γ符合法出于不受源的自吸收、吸收和散射等因子的影响,具有很高测量准确度。液体闪烁计数法由于放射性溶液和闪烁液均匀混合,不需要作自吸收校     

一种新型的时间-幅度变换器

时间-幅度变换器主要应用于需要快速时间测量的核物理实验中,如粒子识别、核子激发寿命和飞行时间测量等。根据实验的需要,开发、研制了一种新型的基于集成电路的时间-幅度变换器,其测量精度可达100ns,具有性能稳定、精度高和使用方便等优点。     

虚拟多道脉冲分析系统的设计

介绍了基于微机数据采集卡和LabVIEW开发平台的虚拟多道脉冲分析系统的设计方法,它采用连续采样和幅度提取的方法,直接对线性放大器的输出信号进行分析,给出幅度谱和时间谱,本系统实现了多道脉冲分析器的各种常用工作方式,并且可以根据需要进行扩展,充分体现了虚拟仪器技术的灵活性和可重构性,扩展了虚拟仪器在核信息测量中的应用。     

能谱抽样技术在仿核信号发生器中的应用

根据核信号在时间、幅度上的统计特性,以伪均匀随机数为基础,通过反函数法产生服从指数分布随机数,用以满足核信号在时间上的统计特性。采用蒙特卡罗直接抽样方法对实际核能谱图的抽样模拟,实现对核能谱曲线的数字化,得到的能级随机数用以满足核信号在幅度上的统计特性。基于Matlab开发环境对核信号衰变过程进行模拟,并反演得到了与原实际能谱图相同的能谱曲线。应用结果表明:实现了核信号同时在时间、幅度上的随机及统计特性,有效地完成了仿核信号发生器的设计。     

萃取-液体闪烁计数法测定氧化镧中~(227)Ac

本文叙述了萃取-液体闪烁计数法测定氧化镧中~(227)Ac的方法。实验表明本方法准确、可靠,较适合于稀土工厂~(227)Ac的常规分析。     

一种高精度、大量程时间间隔计数器的设计

时间间隔测量方法有多种,如计数法、游标法、模拟内插法、延迟线内插法、时间电压变换法等.通过对这几种测量方法的分析比较,提出了一种大量程、高精度的时间间隔测量方法,并从实现原理和设计方法进行了阐述.该方法已成功应用于GPS铷钟中,对于同类时间间隔计数器设计具有借鉴意义.     

The regulation of memory effect and its influence on discharge properties of a dielectric barrier discharge driven by bipolar pulse at atmospheric-pressure nitrogen

The regulation of memory effect that the residual charges generated during and after discharge act on the initiation and development of subsequent discharge is explored by adjusting the pulse parameters,which have an influence on the discharge characteristics.The memory effect is quantified by the measurement of 'wall voltage'through a series of reference capacitors.The influences of memory effect on the discharge properties corresponding to rising/falling time 50-500 ns,pulse width 0.5-1.5 μs,and frequency 200-600 Hz are analyzed.It is found that the'wall voltage'increases from 1.4 kV to 2.4 kV with rising/falling time from 50 ns to 500 ns,it varies in the range of 0.18 kV with frequency of 200-600 Hz,and 0.17 kV with pulse width of 0.5-1.5μs.The propagation velocity of wavelike ionization under the negative pulse slows down from 2184 km s-1 to 1026km s-1 as the rising/falling time increases from 50ns to 500ns due to the weakening of the electric field by the surface memory effect.More intense and uniform emission can be achieved through faster rising/falling time and higher frequency based on the volume memory effect,while pulse width has less influence on the emission uniformity.Furthermore,similar laws are obtained for spectral and discharge intensity.Therefore,the memory effect is most effectively regulated by rising/falling time,and the discharge properties are affected by the surface and volume memory effect.     

中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器束团长度研究

束团长度是中国散裂中子源（CSNS）快循环同步加速器（RCS）束流动力学的关键参数,通过对束团长度的研究,可了解RCS的机器性能并进一步指导机器优化研究。本文对RCS 100 kW时的束团长度进行精确测量,100 kW引出时的束团长度为105 ns。RCS 500 kW时束团长度可能超过无损引出允许值,需压缩束团长度。理论上提高腔压可压缩束团长度,本文模拟研究500 kW时束团长度随腔压曲线的变化规律,模拟结果表明提高加速后半阶段的腔压可压缩束团长度,给出了500 kW时无束流损失引出的腔压曲线。基于100 kW束流条件实验验证了通过提高加速后半阶段腔压来压缩束团长度的有效性和可行性,实验测量结果与模拟结果一致。因此,提高加速后半阶段腔压是500 kW时无损引出束流的有效方法。     

基于VXI总线的时钟测量模块

介绍了一个时钟测量模块的设计,该模块是基于高速数据采集和数字信号的VXI测试模块、该模块的采样率高达500Msps,时间分辨为２０ns。     

Operation of the ATLAS muon drift-tube chambers at high background rates and in magnetic fields

In the ATLAS muon spectrometer, large drift-tube chambers are used for precision tracking. The chambers will be operated at a high neutron and /spl gamma/ background resulting in count rates of up to 500 Hz cm/sup -2/ corresponding to 300 kHz per tube. The spatial resolution of the drift tubes is degraded from 82 /spl mu/m without background to 108 /spl mu/m at 500 Hz cm/sup -2/ background count rate. Due to afterpulsing in the Ar/CO/sub 2/ gas mixture used in the drift tubes, ionizing radiation causes more than one hit in a tube within the maximum drift time of about 800 ns which is expected for magnetic field strengths around 1.2 T. In order to limit the count rate, the drift tubes are read out with an artificial dead time of 790 ns which causes an efficiency loss of 23% at a rate of 300 kHz per tube. The space-to-drift-time relationship of the tubes varies with background rate, temperature, and magnetic field strength. The mean magnetic field strength in a muon chamber is 0.4 T on the average, but may vary by up to 0.4 T within a chamber. The space-to-drift-time relationship must therefore be determined in short time intervals with an accuracy better than 20 /spl mu/m using muon tracks and applying corrections for measured magnetic field variations.     

ns级快脉冲电源研制

高重复频率ns级快脉冲电源是粒子加速器超快kicker注入引出技术中有待攻克的关键技术难题。本工作利用计算机仿真和桌面实验等手段从理论上研究了感应叠加技术、射频MOSFET开关及驱动电路技术,并在此基础上设计研制了1台10级感应叠加的快脉冲电源性能样机。经初步测试,10级叠加性能样机在500 Hz低频工作条件下,输出脉冲幅度>4.3 kV,脉冲前沿<2.8 ns,脉冲宽度<9 ns,基本达到了预期目标。     

多束脉冲作用下韧致辐射转换靶照射量模拟

20MeV的强流脉冲电子束经加速聚焦后轰击韧致辐射转换靶,在产生脉冲X光的同时将大量能量沉积在靶内,导致靶材迅速膨胀飞散。在多个束脉冲作用下,后续脉冲由于靶材密度的降低可能无法产生足够的X光照射量。本文采用Monte-Carlo软件MCNP以及流体动力学软件ANSYSAUTODYN对靶材的动力学响应以及各脉冲所能产生的照射量进行了数值模拟,结果表明,在3个间隔500ns的20MeV、2kA、70ns、束斑1.5mm（FWHM）的电子束脉冲作用下,X光照射量无明显降低。     

Characteristics of 16-Channel ASIC Preamplifier Board for Microstrip Gas Chamber and Animal PET

A 16-channel ASIC preamplifier board has been designed for microstrip gas chamber (MSGC) and animal position emission tomography (PET) detectors. The highly integrated ASIC chips can be used for individual readouts from a large number of channels to improve the spatial resolution and counting rate. The preamplifier board was tested to have a low optimum equivalent noise charge (ENC) of ~ 1400 e^? FWHM at a shaping time of 0.1 μs. The output voltage to input charge gain is 0.96 V/pC, and the nonlinearity is ~ 2:0% over a range of ?500 fC to 1000 fC in input charge. The rise time (10%–90%) with no input capacitor is about 54 ns. The power consumption of this preamplifier board is ~ 100 mW. The preamplifier board has been used to read out a 3 × 3 cm MSGC plate and an optimum FWHM energy resolution of 19.1% (5.9 keV peak of Fe-55) was obtained.     

Design Concepts of a Transient Signal Recorder for Operation in Pulsed Ionizing Radiation

The feasibility of a recorder for measuring transient radiation effects, and which is radiation hardened so that it minimizes ionizing effects on the instrumentation itself, has been investigated by designing, fabricating, and testing a 10 channel analog sampling recorder which samples an input signal of ± 6 mA at 100 MHz sampling rate for 100 ns period. The instantaneous sample values are stored as magnetic flux in successive thin magnetic films of a channel. Upon non-destructive readout of the thin films, a time amplitude reconstruction of the input signal is made to within ± 15% of full scale. The system shows radiation hardness in excess of 1010 r/sec, except for the interface amplifier which is hard to 5 × 109 r/sec.     

CSR ns级重离子束动力学研究

采用束团在纵向相空间快速旋转的非绝热压缩方法研究了在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)上获取高能ns量级短脉冲重离子束的可行性,利用K-V包络方程对能量为250MeV/u、初始纵向束团长度为200ns、初始动量分散为5×10-4的238U72+离子束团的非绝热压缩过程进行了束流动力学模拟,给出了在束团压缩过程中束流相关参数的变化。结果表明,在CSR上可取得最短为16ns长度的238U72+离子束团,可满足用于高能量密度物理研究的50ns束团长度的要求。