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可降解金属研究是目前医用金属领域最活跃的研究方向。经过全世界科研机构与医疗器械企业界20余年的数据积累,先后有镁基可降解金属、铁基可降解金属和锌基可降解金属植介入器械进入临床或开展了人体实验研究,未来前景向好。本文回顾了可降解金属的定义、生物降解性与生物相容性双判据及其分类,分别介绍了镁基可降解金属、铁基可降解金属和锌基可降解金属的研究现状及尚未解决的科学问题,并对可降解金属未来的发展机遇与挑战进行了展望。随着人们对可降解金属植入体内的力学适配、降解适配和组织适配等科学问题更加深入的理解,未来将有更多的可降解金属新材料、新技术和新方法被研发,有效实现可降解金属材料降解与机体组织修复两个事件在时间和几何空间上的精准适配。 相似文献
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进入21世纪以来,随着材料科学的进步,医用金属植入材料从传统的316L不锈钢、钛合金等惰性金属材料逐渐转向可降解金属材料。可降解金属材料由于其良好的生物相容性和适宜的降解速率,可以在完成植入任务时被人体吸收,无需二次手术将内植物取出,从而引起广泛关注。在过去的10多年里,镁和铁及其合金作为医用可降解金属被广泛研究。锌是人体所必需的营养元素之一,因具有良好的生物相容性和适宜的降解速率,锌基合金在最近几年里成为继镁基和铁基合金之后又一具有广泛应用前景的医用可降解金属。然而,对锌基合金的设计和制备等仍处于初步阶段,还有大量的研究工作需要完成。综述了生物降解锌近年来用于骨科领域的研究进展,重点讨论了锌及其合金的力学性能、生物降解性能和生物相容性以及锌的合金化和制造技术之间的关系。 相似文献
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随着人们医疗观念的转变和材料科学的进步,医用金属植入材料的选择从传统316L不锈钢、钴铬合金、钛合金等惰性金属逐渐转向可降解材料。为了减轻与耐腐蚀支架相关的副作用(即慢性炎症和晚期血栓形成),目前正在开发新一代的生物可吸收支架,支架在完成任务后会被逐渐降解和吸收。目前的可降解金属主要包括镁合金、铁合金和锌合金,铁在动脉中产生大量的氧化产物而镁及其合金又腐蚀得太快。其中,锌合金具有更适宜的降解速度、良好的降解行为和较好的力学性能,基于锌的生物可吸收材料是近年兴起的最具发展潜力的可降解医用金属材料。本文主要介绍了纯锌、锌铜系、锌镁系及其他锌基合金近年来的主要研究进展。 相似文献
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随着全球人口老龄化进展以及骨关节疾病发病率的增加,人们对于骨修复医用金属材料的需求日益增多.生物医用金属材料包括不可降解钛及可降解金属镁和铁.金属材料在耐蚀性及骨整合方面存在一些不足,有必要对其表面改性进一步优化.锶元素具有促进成骨抑制破骨的作用,将其用作改性成分对提高医用金属表面骨细胞活性具有重要意义.本文主要对近年来医用金属钛、镁和铁表面掺锶涂层在耐蚀性和生物相容性方面进行了归纳及比较.重点介绍了锶与降解性、生物相容性好的载体(如羟基磷灰石、透钙磷石等)结合制备的复合涂层在钛合金、镁合金表面及铁合金表面提高骨整合性能的研究.最后,提出将锶元素与锌元素结合使得金属材料在促进骨修复的同时具有抗菌性能的建议. 相似文献
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作为新一代可降解医用金属材料,镁合金具有良好的力学性能、生物可降解性以及生物相容性。镁合金用作骨修复材料时,可以有效避免应力遮挡效应,有利于促进骨愈合;用作血管支架材料时,可以在狭窄的血管内经过一段时间支架支撑和药物治疗完成正性重构后,自行降解消失,从而降低再狭窄的风险。因此镁合金作为可降解医用材料具有很广阔的临床应用前景,在骨内植物器械和血管支架等领域有巨大的应用潜力。首先介绍了镁合金作为可降解医用材料所具有的优点以及目前所面临的主要挑战,然后分别阐述了镁合金在骨内植物器械和血管支架领域临床应用研究的最新进展,重点介绍了上海交通大学有关可降解医用镁合金的最新进展,最后总结并展望了可降解医用镁合金未来的发展前景。 相似文献
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AZ31镁合金的生物降解行为研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了AZ31镁合金作为生物医用材料的体内外生物降解行为.初步分析了其作为可降解生物医用材料的可行性.体外浸泡实验结果表明,AZ31镁合金的降解行为与其所处环境有关,在Hank's溶液中的降解速度较在0.9%NaCl溶液中低;经过热处理后的AZ31镁合金较铸态和锻态降低了点蚀发生倾向,降解速度更慢.体内植入实验结果表明,AZ31镁合金与动物不同组织接触,其降解速度不同,在骨髓腔内的降解速度更快.植入5周时,镁合金已发生降解,20周降解更为明显.降解过程中镁合金表面有Ca-P物质沉积,表面具有优异的生物活性,其降解产物主要通过尿液进行排泄.在表面制备Ca-P涂层可降低镁合金的降解速度.AZ31镁合金是一种具有良好应用前景的新型生物可降解医用植入材料. 相似文献
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Magnesium based degradable biomaterials: A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Magnesium has been suggested as a revolutionary biodegradable metal for biomedical applications. The corrosion of magnesium, however, is too rapid to match the rates of tissue healing and, additionally, exhibits the localized corrosion mechanism. Thus it is necessary to control the corrosion behaviors of magnesium for their practical use. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on the development of representative magnesium based alloys, including Mg-Ca, Mg-Sr, Mg-Zn and Mg-REE alloy systems as well as the bulk metallic glass. The influence of alloying element on their microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors is summarized. The mechanical and corrosion properties of wrought magnesium alloys are also discussed in comparison with those of cast alloys. Furthermore, this review also covers research carried out in the field of the degradable coatings on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications. Calcium phosphate and biodegradable polymer coatings are discussed based on different preparation techniques used. We also compare the effect of different coatings on the corrosion behaviors of magnesium alloys substrate. 相似文献
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目前可降解血管支架材料包括聚合物、镁合金、铁合金及锌合金,它们的降解特性直接影响其作为血管支架植入后的支撑能力、局部反应和血管修复的预后。聚合物降解时间较易调整、生物相容性较好,但力学性能不足;镁合金的降解存在降解速率快、释氢反应和微环境pH值变化较大的问题;铁合金降解速率太慢;锌合金的降解速率适中,是近年可降解血管内植入材料研究热点。除了材料自身的特性,可降解材料的血管内降解行为还受到环境的离子浓度、酶、pH值和温度等多种因素的影响。综述了目前不同血管内可降解支架材料在模拟体液及动物体内生物降解行为的研究结果,以期为血管内可降解材料研究和产品开发提供参考。 相似文献
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镁合金被认为是一种革命性的可生物降解医用金属材料。然而,在组织的愈合期间合金局部腐蚀过快,以致服役期力学性能下降或产生对人体有毒副作用的产物,严重限制了其在临床上的应用。合金化是提高镁合金力学性能和生物相容性的一种有效方法。全面综述了生物医用镁合金的合金化研究进展,包括添加生物营养元素(Ca、Sr、Zn 等),微量无毒元素(Zr、Nd、Y)及有毒元素(Al、Li、Ce 等)对合金的体内外细胞毒性、组织反应、耐腐蚀性能和力学性能的影响。此外,还简单总结了镁合金中多种合金化元素复合添加的最新研究情况,展望了可降解镁合金材料合金化研究的方向。 相似文献
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This review investigates the current application limitations of Mg and Mg alloys. The key issues hindering the application of biodegradable Mg alloys as implants are their fast degradation rate and biological consideration. We have discussed the effect of some selected alloying element additions on the properties of the Mg-based alloy, especially the nutrient elements in human (Zn, Mn, Ca, Sr). Different grain sizes, phase constituents and distributions consequently influence the mechanical properties of the Mg alloys. Solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening are enhanced by the addition of alloying elements, generally improving the mechanical properties. Besides, the hot working process can also improve the mechanical properties. Combination of different processing steps is suggested to be adopted in the fabrication of Mg-based alloys. Corrosion properties of these Mg-based alloys have been measured in vitro and in vivo . The degradation mechanism is also discussed in terms of corrosion types, rates, by-products and response of the surrounding tissues. Moreover, the clinical response and requirements of degradable implants are presented, especially for the nutrient elements (Ca, Mn, Zn, Sr). This review provides information related to different Mg alloying elements and presents the promising candidates for an ideal implant. 相似文献
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Biocorrosion properties of as-extruded Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy compared with commercial AZ31 and WE43 alloys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new type of patented biodegradable biomedical magnesium alloy Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr (hereafter, denoted as JDBM) was prepared in this study. The biocorrosion properties of the as-extruded JDBM alloy were investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF) by hydrogen evolution, mass loss and electrochemical tests. The biocorrosion properties of as-extruded AZ31 and as-extruded WE43 alloys as well as the mechanical properties at room temperature were also studied in order to compare with the novel JDBM biodegradable biomedical magnesium alloy. The results show that the as-extruded JDBM alloy not only owns much better mechanical properties at room temperature but also exhibits much better biocorrosion properties in SBF. 相似文献
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《材料科学技术学报》2019,35(7):1393-1402
Magnesium alloys have shown great potential for their use in the medical device field, due to the promising biodegradability. However, it remains a challenge to characterize the degradation behavior of the Mg alloys in a quantitative manner. As such, controlling the degradation rate of the Mg alloys as per our needs is still hard, which greatly limits the practical application of the Mg alloys as a degradable biomaterial. This paper discussed a numerical model developed based on the diffusion theory, which can capture the experimental degradation behavior of the Mg alloys precisely. The numerical model is then implemented into a finite element scheme, where the model is calibrated with the data from our previous studies on the corrosion of the as-cast Mg-1Ca and the as-rolled Mg-3Ge binary alloys. The degradation behavior of a pin implant is predicted using the calibrated model to demonstrate the model’s capability. A standard flow is provided in a practical framework for obtaining the degradation behavior of any biomedical Mg alloys. This methodology was further verified via the comparison with enormous available experimental results. Lastly, the material parameters defined in this model were provided as a new kind of material property. 相似文献
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