聚合物电解质离子电导率的影响因素

聚合物电解质具有质轻、粘弹性好、优良的安全性能和加工性能等许多无机电解质和有机溶剂电解质所不可比拟的优点，在微型移动电源领域有着广泛的应用前景。但由于室温电导率低，应用受到限制。综述了聚合物电解质的离子传导机制以及室温电导率的影响因素。     

锂离子电池用凝胶聚合物电解质研究进展

凝胶聚合物电解质既具有固态聚合物电解质良好的力学加工性能和安全性能,又具有传统液态电解质较高的室温离子电导率。但凝胶聚合物电解质由于室温离子电导率低、力学强度较差的缺点限制了其在锂离子电池上的应用。结合目前研究的最新进展,本文针对几种常用凝胶聚合物电解质体系聚氧化乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯和聚乙烯醇缩醛进行了综述,对其制备方法以及通过聚合物调控、加入无机填料和复合离子液体进行改性处理做了较全面的介绍,并探讨了凝胶聚合物电解质的应用前景。     

锂离子二次电池用全固态聚合物电解质的研究进展

对固体聚合物电解质的发展历程以及对全固态聚合物电解质中的离子传导作了介绍,着重对提高室温电导率的途径进行评述,并结合自己的工作对其存在的问题和今后的发展作出展望.     

固体氧化物燃料电池电解质材料的研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种能量转换效率高、环境友好和燃料灵活的全固态发电设备,为能源资源的可持续发展提供选择。氧离子在固体电解质中是通过氧空位传导的,即增大氧空位浓度是提高离子电导率的关键,而高离子电导率的电解质材料促进了SOFC发展。综述了固体电解质的离子传输机制和ZrO_2基电解质、CeO_2基电解质、Bi_2O_3基电解质和LaGaO_3基电解质材料的结构、研究进展以及优缺点,并对未来电解质材料的研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

聚合物复合电解质的界面结构与控制

本文主要讨论了聚合物固体电解质与聚合物、增塑剂和无机物等复合形成的多相聚合物复合电解质中 ,界面结构对离子电导率和机械性能的影响。指出选择适当的改性剂及复合方法 ,控制界面的结构和形态 ,形成尽可能多的高导电的界面 ,是获得电导率高和机械性能良好的聚合物固体电解质的有效途径。     

聚合物复合电解质的界面结构与控制

本文主要讨论了聚合固体电解质与聚合物,增塑剂和无机物等复合形成的多相聚合物复合电解质中,界面结构对离子电导率和机械性能的影响,指出选择适当的改性剂及复合方法,控制界面的结构和形态,形成尽可能多的高导电的界面,是获得电导率高和机械性能良好的聚合物固体电解质的有效途径。     

无机填料在复合固态电解质中的作用机制研究进展

全固态锂电池以其良好的安全性和更高的能量密度受到广泛关注，而固态电解质是决定固态电池性能的关键材料。由聚合物基体和无机填料组成的无机/有机固体复合电解质因其优良的可设计性而显示出广阔的应用前景。其中，锂离子传导能力是复合电解质性能的决定性因素，而无机填料对提升锂离子传导有重要作用。本文列举了典型无机填料的种类，总结了不同种类填料对加速锂离子输运过程的作用机理，讨论了无机填料的添加量、颗粒大小、分散性、形态对提升离子电导率的影响规律。除此之外，还归纳了无机填料对电化学窗口、锂离子迁移数、力学性能等其他性能的影响。     

复合型聚醚聚氨酯固体电解质的制备及交流阻抗分析

合成了1种线性聚醚聚氨酯,并以此聚合物为基体加入O/Li=16(摩尔比)的锂盐,分别掺入纳米SiO2、纳米TiO2制备了两类复合聚合物固体电解质(CSPE).在室温下,纳米SiO2复合型聚合物固体电解质的电导率最大,达到6.40×10-6S/cm.通过红外光谱、热分析及交流阻抗等手段研究了电解质本体,以及掺入无机氧化物粒子之后其质量分数与离子电导率之间的关系.结果表明,纳米SiO2质量分数达到15%,纳米TiO2质量分数达到25%时,离子电导率最大.在室温下,加入纳米SiO2比加入纳米TiO2的离子电导率要高;但随着温度的升高,这种差距越来越小.     

离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用

由于离子液体具有电导率高、热稳定性好、蒸气压低、不燃烧等优良性质,越来越多地应用于有机合成、分离、电化学和材料加工等领域.综述了离子液体在聚合物材料加工中的应用研究进展,主要包括聚合物电解质的合成应用研究、聚合物在离子液体中的溶解、以离子液体为溶剂的聚合反应以及离子液体作为聚合物的增塑剂.     

锂离子电池用固体聚合物电解质的最新进展

全固态聚合物电解质由于其突出的安全性能,在锂离子电池中具有潜在的应用前景,其研究备受关注.本文综述了锂离子电池用全固态聚合物电解质的最新研究进展.主要关注的是电化学性能,尤其是室温附近的离子电导率.对性能较好的聚合物固体电解质体系进行了概述.     

Composition Modulation and Structure Design of Inorganic‐in‐Polymer Composite Solid Electrolytes for Advanced Lithium Batteries

Owing to their safety, high energy density, and long cycling life, all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have been identified as promising systems to power portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. Developing high‐performance solid‐state electrolytes is vital for the successful commercialization of ASSLBs. In particular, polymer‐based composite solid electrolytes (PCSEs), derived from the incorporation of inorganic fillers into polymer solid electrolytes, have emerged as one of the most promising electrolyte candidates for ASSLBs because they can synergistically integrate many merits from their components. The development of PCSEs is summarized. Their major components, including typical polymer matrices and diverse inorganic fillers, are reviewed in detail. The effects of fillers on their ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal/interfacial stability and possible Li⁺‐conductive mechanisms are discussed. Recent progress in a number of rationally constructed PCSEs by compositional and structural modulation based on different design concepts is introduced. Successful applications of PCSEs in various lithium‐battery systems including lithium–sulfur and lithium–gas batteries are evaluated. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives for developing high‐performance PCSEs are proposed.     

Advanced Composite Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Filler Dimensional Design and Ion Path Optimization

Composite solid electrolytes are considered to be the crucial components of all-solid-state lithium batteries, which are viewed as the next-generation energy storage devices for high energy density and long working life. Numerous studies have shown that fillers in composite solid electrolytes can effectively improve the ion-transport behavior, the essence of which lies in the optimization of the ion-transport path in the electrolyte. The performance is closely related to the structure of the fillers and the interaction between fillers and other electrolyte components including polymer matrices and lithium salts. In this review, the dimensional design of fillers in advanced composite solid electrolytes involving 0D–2D nanofillers, and 3D continuous frameworks are focused on. The ion-transport mechanism and the interaction between fillers and other electrolyte components are highlighted. In addition, sandwich-structured composite solid electrolytes with fillers are also discussed. Strategies for the design of composite solid electrolytes with high room temperature ionic conductivity are summarized, aiming to assist target-oriented research for high-performance composite solid electrolytes.     

Electrochemical properties of composite electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(ethylene imine) containing the inorganic silica fillers

In this study, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) polymer blends containing inorganic silica fillers were studied in order to enhance the ion conductivity and interfacial properties. Lithium perchlorate (LiCIO4) as a salt, and silica (SiO2) as the inorganic filler were introduced in the polymer electrolyte composites and were examined to evaluate their use to improve the ionic conductivity. The addition of inorganic fillers in polymer electrolytes has resulted in high ionic conductivity at a room temperature. The structure and morphology of the solid polymer electrolytes were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ionic conductivity was measured by an AC impedance method. The enhanced conductivity was dependent on the decreased crystallinity and more heterogeneous morphologies.     

Surface Oxygen Vacancy Inducing Li-Ion-Conducting Percolation Network in Composite Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are newly emerging components for all-solid-state Li-metal batteries owing to their excellent processability and compatibility with the electrodes. Moreover, the ionic conductivity of the CSEs is one order of magnitude higher than the solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) by incorporation of inorganic fillers into SPEs. However, their advancement has come to a standstill owing to unclear Li-ion conduction mechanism and pathway. Herein, the dominating effect of the oxygen vacancy (O_vac) in the inorganic filler on the ionic conductivity of CSEs is demonstrated via Li-ion-conducting percolation network model. Based on density functional theory, indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) are selected as inorganic filler to determine the effect of O_vac on the ionic conductivity of the CSEs. Owing to the fast Li-ion conduction through the O_vac inducing percolation network on ITO NP–polymer interface, LiFePO₄/CSE/Li cells using CSEs exhibit a remarkable capacity in long-term cycling (154 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5C after 700 cycles). Moreover, by modifying the O_vac concentration of ITO NPs via UV-ozone oxygen-vacancy modification, the ionic conductivity dependence of the CSEs on the surface O_vac from the inorganic filler is directly verified.     

超级电容器电解质研究进展

电解质作为超级电容器的重要组成部分,对器件性能起着关键性作用。本文对近些年来超级电容器各种电解质,包括水系、有机液体、离子液体、固态/准固态聚合物电解质和氧化还原体系电解质的特点和最新研究成果进行了描述;重点介绍了固态/准固态聚合物电解质的分类及其性能研究概况。提出了发展电位窗口宽、离子电导率高、电化学性能稳定的离子液体和机械强度等综合性能优良的凝胶聚合物电解质是将来超级电容器电解质发展领域的趋势,最后对超级电容器电解质的发展前景进行了展望。     

石墨烯基聚合物复合电解质的设计、性能及其应用研究进展

固态电化学器件具有柔性好、安全性能高及能量密度高等优点,属于极有前景的新一代化学能源器件。固态电解质是实现电化学器件固态化的关键,其中石墨烯基聚合物复合电解质由传统聚合物电解质发展而来,是一类含有石墨烯纳米填料和聚合物基体的新型固态电解质,具有较高的离子电导率、良好的加工性能及优异的界面特性,现已成为固态电化学器件研发中备受关注的电解质材料。本文着重讨论了近年来石墨烯基聚合物复合电解质的结构设计、性能机制及在各种电化学储能器件中应用的研究进展。      

层状双金属氢氧化物复合改性聚偏氟乙烯凝胶电解质研究

采用共沉淀法制备了十二烷基硫酸根插层的层状双金属氢氧化物(DS-LDH),并与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)基质子交换和锂离子传导凝胶电解质复合.研究了DS-LDH在PVDF凝胶电解质中的分散及其对电导率的影响.发现DS-LDH基本以剥离、纳米尺度分散在PVDF电解质中.质子交换和锂离子传导电解质膜的电导率均随DS-LDH含量的增加先增加,当DS-LDH质量分率分别为7.4%和5.66%(基于PVDF质量)时,电导率达到最大值.未改性和复合PVDF基锂离子电解质的电导率均随温度的增加而增加,并都符合Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher方程.     

High ion conducting polymer nanocomposite electrolytes using hybrid nanofillers

There is a growing shift from liquid electrolytes toward solid polymer electrolytes, in energy storage devices, due to the many advantages of the latter such as enhanced safety, flexibility, and manufacturability. The main issue with polymer electrolytes is their lower ionic conductivity compared to that of liquid electrolytes. Nanoscale fillers such as silica and alumina nanoparticles are known to enhance the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes. Although carbon nanotubes have been used as fillers for polymers in various applications, they have not yet been used in polymer electrolytes as they are conductive and can pose the risk of electrical shorting. In this study, we show that nanotubes can be packaged within insulating clay layers to form effective 3D nanofillers. We show that such hybrid nanofillers increase the lithium ion conductivity of PEO electrolyte by almost 2 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, significant improvement in mechanical properties were observed where only 5 wt % addition of the filler led to 160% increase in the tensile strength of the polymer. This new approach of embedding conducting-insulating hybrid nanofillers could lead to the development of a new generation of polymer nanocomposite electrolytes with high ion conductivity and improved mechanical properties.     

PEO类聚合物基体的改性及其高性能电解质材料研究的新进展

聚氧化乙烯(PEO)是聚合物电解质传统的基体材料,它最大的优势在于在不添加任何增塑剂的情况下,可以与锂盐形成稳定的络合物,但PEO易于结晶,使离子电导率降低。研究表明:采用共混、接枝、共聚、交联以及与无机物复合等方法对PEO进行改性,可以进一步提高此类聚合物电解质的性能。重点对PEO类聚合物基体的改性及其高性能固体聚合物电解质材料研究的新进展进行介绍,并对其研究前景做了展望。