3Cr13钢450℃不同气氛等离子体渗氮层表征

对3Cr13钢在450 ℃氨气和氨氮混合气氛中分别渗氮4、8和12 h后的渗氮层进行了对比。利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、电化学工作站对渗氮层截面显微组织、显微硬度、相组成以及耐蚀性进行了表征。氨气渗氮层由化合物层和白亮层组成,而氨气和氮气混合气氛渗氮层中没有出现白亮层。氨气渗氮12 h后,渗氮层的表面硬度为1050.0 HV0.05;表面化合物层主要相为ε-Fe_2-3N,次要相为γ′-Fe₄N,出现了少量的CrN,白亮层相组成为γ′-Fe₄N;渗氮后极化曲线钝化区变宽,自腐蚀电流密度减小,耐蚀性提高。氨氮混合气氛渗氮12 h后,渗层的表面硬度为998.0 HV0.05;气氛中N浓度升高,渗氮8 h后CrN含量增加,次要相由氨气渗氮8 h的γ′-Fe₄N变为CrN;随着渗氮时间延长至12 h,渗层的自腐蚀电流密度降低,钝化区略有变宽,耐蚀性略有提高。     

渗扩时间比对AISI 316不锈钢渗氮层组织与性能的影响

采用真空两段渗氮工艺,在不同的强渗、扩散时间下对AISI 316不锈钢进行渗氮处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、显微硬度测试和摩擦磨损试验等分析了渗氮层的组织和性能。结果表明,经过12 h的真空渗氮后,AISI 316不锈钢表面形成了一层由γ′-Fe₄N、ε-Fe_2-3N和CrN等相组成的渗氮层,其表面硬度和耐磨性能相较于基体均有明显的提高。其中,渗扩时间比为1∶1(强渗6 h、扩散6 h)时的渗层厚度约为96 μm,表面硬度约为1069 HV0.5,是基体表面硬度的4.5倍,在20 N载荷下的磨损量约为基体的1/3;渗扩时间比为1∶2(强渗4 h、扩散8 h)时的渗层厚度约为120 μm,ε-Fe_2-3N相衍射峰增强,在20 N载荷下的磨损量约为基体的1/30。延长扩散时间能增加渗氮层厚度,改善表面形貌,进一步提高不锈钢的耐磨性。     

温度对AISI304奥氏体不锈钢离子渗氮的影响

对AISI304奥氏体不锈钢进行脉冲电流辉光离子渗氮处理,在不同处理温度(480 ℃、520 ℃、580 ℃)下渗氮8 h后,获得了一定厚度的渗氮层.通过对渗层进行金相分析和硬度测试表明,随着渗氮温度升高,渗层厚度增大,显微硬度先增大后减小.综合温度对渗层厚度与显微硬度的影响,AISI304奥氏体不锈钢卡套辉光离子渗氮温度可采用520 ℃,渗氮后渗层厚度为90 μm,显微硬度为1317 HV0.1.     

2Cr13不锈钢活性屏等离子体源渗氮层组织与耐蚀性能

目的 探讨活性屏等离子体源渗氮技术提高马氏体不锈钢硬度与耐蚀性能的可行性。方法 将2Cr13马氏体不锈钢进行350～550℃、6 h活性屏等离子体源渗氮处理,采用光学显微镜（OM）、电子探针显微分析仪（EPMA）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析渗氮层的组织、成分和相结构,使用显微硬度计测试渗氮层的显微硬度,利用电化学腐蚀试验解析评估渗氮层的耐蚀性能。结果 经活性屏等离子体源渗氮处理后,可在马氏体不锈钢表面形成厚度为2～45μm,N原子分数为20%～25%的渗氮层,其表面显微硬度达1050～1350HV0.25,是基体硬度的4～5倍。350℃时,渗氮层以ε-Fe_2-3N相为主,且含有少量αN相;450℃时,渗氮层由αN、ε-Fe_2-3N和γ’-Fe₄N相构成;渗氮温度升至550℃时,渗氮层由α-Fe、CrN和γ’-Fe4N相构成,αN、ε-Fe2-3N相消失。350、450℃时,渗氮层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的阳极极化曲线出现明显钝化区,而未渗氮的2Cr13不锈钢并未发现钝化区,自腐蚀电位E_corr由未渗...     

304不锈钢低温离子渗氮和氮碳共渗工艺

在430 ℃对AISI304奥氏体不锈钢分别进行离子渗氮(PN)、离子氮碳共渗(PNC)和离子氮碳共渗加离子渗氮(PNC+PN)处理.利用金相显微镜、辉光放电光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计测试了试样渗层的横断面形貌、渗层成分、相组成和力学性能.结果表明,AISI304奥氏体不锈钢在430 ℃进行硬化处理时,相对于PN处理,经PNC和PNC+PN处理可以获得更高硬度、更厚渗层,但表面耐腐蚀性下降,3种处理得到的渗层中C和N的最大含量分别出现在不同深度.     

喷丸处理对55SiCr弹簧钢低温气体渗氮的影响

对55SiCr弹簧钢表面进行不同强度的喷丸处理,并在390 ℃进行低温气体渗氮12 h。利用超景深显微镜、显微硬度计、直读光谱仪以及X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析了渗氮层的显微组织、厚度、氮含量和相组成。结果表明,渗氮层主要由γ’-Fe₄N和α_N相组成,并有少量的CrN和Fe₃O₄。随喷丸强度增加,渗氮层组织更加均匀致密,渗氮层厚度、表面硬度和渗层氮含量均增加。     

低温离子硬化处理对AISI 420不锈钢组织与性能的影响

研究了低温离子渗氮、离子氮碳共渗和离子渗碳硬化处理对AISI 420马氏体不锈钢的显微组织、表面硬度、耐蚀性、耐磨性的影响。结果表明,离子渗氮、氮碳共渗和离子渗碳处理都可提高马氏体不锈钢的表面硬度;经不同工艺处理后的试样,除500 ℃×4 h渗氮工艺外,其他不锈钢试样表面的耐蚀性均未出现明显降低,当渗氮温度过高（500 ℃）时,由于CrN的析出使得渗氮层的耐蚀性显著下降;磨损试验的结果表明,离子渗碳处理后硬化层的耐磨性最佳。     

马氏体不锈钢不同渗氮方法对比试验

采用离子渗氮、液体渗氮及气体渗氮对耐蚀耐热马氏体型热稳定不锈钢1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb进行表面改性,研究了不同渗氮方法下不锈钢的硬度、组织形貌、物相变化及脆性,并对3种渗氮方法下不锈钢的耐蚀性及耐高温磨损性能进行了比较。结果表明:3种渗氮方法均可大幅度提高不锈钢的表面硬度,且不同渗氮处理后不锈钢的渗层组织结构大致相同,但表面物相有所差异,离子渗氮后的表面物相主要为Fe₄N及少量CrN相,液体渗氮后为Fe₃O₄及ε相,气体渗氮后为Fe₃O₄、Fe₄N及少量ε相;3种渗氮方法均可提高不锈钢的耐磨损性能,特别是在500~600 ℃下的高温耐磨性得到了大幅提升,但不锈钢渗氮后的耐蚀性均有所降低。     

304奥氏体不锈钢低温盐浴渗氮处理

采用430℃低温盐浴对304奥氏体不锈钢进行渗氮处理,研究了渗氮时间对渗氮层组织和性能的影响。利用XRD衍射仪、光学显微镜、表面显微硬度计和带能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)分别分析渗氮层的相组成、厚度、表面硬度和显微组织。结果表明:304奥氏体不锈钢在430℃渗氮不同时间后,渗氮层厚度和表面硬度都随着时间的延长而增加。渗氮时间为1 h时,渗氮层仅为单一的S相,随着渗氮时间的增加,渗氮8 h时开始有少量CrN生成,渗氮16 h时,渗氮层由大量CrN+S相两相混合。用电化学极化的方法评价耐蚀性能的结果表明:盐浴渗氮处理后耐Cl-点蚀性能得到了一定的改善,在430℃渗氮4 h,其耐蚀性能是最好的,优于没经过渗氮的试样,而在所有的渗氮试样中,渗氮8 h、16 h的试样耐点蚀性能较差。     

1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢的离子渗氮

利用脉冲直流辉光等离子技术,对1Cr11Ni2W2MoV马氏体热强不锈钢进行不同工艺参数的离子渗氮。利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、XRD对渗氮层的显微组织及硬度进行了分析。结果表明,在所选用的离子渗氮工艺参数下,1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢渗层只由扩散层组成,渗氮温度≤560℃时,渗层主要由固溶N原子的α相组成,并伴有少量的γ'-Fe4N和CrN析出;随着渗氮温度的升高和渗氮时间的延长,固溶N原子的α相逐渐转变成γ'-Fe4N相,当处理温度达到590℃时,渗层主要由γ'-Fe4N和Cr N组成。离子渗氮后渗层的表面硬度较未渗氮前有显著的提高,在一定范围内,渗层的表面硬度和渗层深度都随着渗氮温度和渗氮时间的增加而增加,渗层硬度梯度分布也随着渗氮时间的延长变得平缓。     

固体渗氮C422钢的显微结构及其缺口敏感性

目的 针对固体渗氮C422(22Cr12NiMoWV)钢,开展渗氮层显微组织结构及其缺口敏感性的研究,为C422汽轮机阀杆服役可靠性评价提供技术支持.方法 采用固体渗氮剂对C422钢表面进行渗氮,通过渗氮层的成分与物相检测、显微组织结构观察、力学性能测试及断口形貌分析,揭示不同温度及时间条件下C422钢渗氮层的显微组织...     

不同表面处理的H13钢耐铝液腐蚀的对比分析

H13钢试样经真空热处理后,分别对其进行渗氮和碳氮硫共渗处理,然后浸入700 ℃高温熔融铝液中进行腐蚀试验,并对腐蚀前后试样的截面组织形貌、质量损失及相成分进行了详细分析。结果表明:渗氮试样与碳氮硫共渗试样的渗层界面结合方式相似,渗层光滑致密,与基体分界较为平整。碳氮硫共渗试样的表面化合物区存在Fe₃N、Fe₂N、FeS、Fe₃C相,其中FeS相是典型的密排六方晶体结构,且硬度较高;渗氮试样表面化合物区存在Fe₃N、Fe₂N相,渗层的表面硬度高于碳氮硫共渗试样。在相同的腐蚀条件下,真空热处理试样的质量损失为7.5 g,质量损失率为21.1%,渗氮试样的质量损失为4.1 g,质量损失率为11.2%,碳氮硫共渗试样的质量损失为0.8 g,质量损失率为2.2%。试样中的铁铝化合物呈锯齿状嵌入基体,厚度分别为184.75、88.56和35.88 μm;经铝液腐蚀后的主要化合物均为Fe₂Al₅,其中碳氮硫共渗试样由于S、C的加入,可与H13钢基体形成FeS和Fe₃C,表现出最佳的耐高温铝液腐蚀性能。     

The Study of Plasma Nitriding of AISI304 Stainless Steel

This paper presents results on the plasma nitriding of AISI 304 stainless steel at different temperatures in NH3gas. The working pressure was 100～200 Pa and the discharge voltage was 700～800V. The phase of nltrided layer formed on the surface was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The hardness of the samples was measured by using a Vickers microhardness tester with the load of 50g. After nitriding at about 400℃ for two hours a nitrided layer consisting of single γN phase with thickness of 51.tm was obtained. Microhardness measurements showed significant increase in the hardness from 240 HV (for untreated samples) up to 950 HV (for nltrided samples at temperature of 420℃). The phase composition, the thickness, the microstructure and the surface topography of the nltrided layer as well as its properties depend essentially on the process parameters.     

盐浴渗氮处理对FeCrMnNiAl0.2Ti0.1高熵合金组织及性能的影响

采用盐浴渗氮的化学热处理方法对FeCrMnNiAl_0.2Ti_0.1高熵合金进行表面强化,主要工艺为预热+盐浴渗氮+氧化,研究渗氮温度对渗层和性能的影响。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪研究不同渗氮温度下高熵合金的组织结构和物相,利用显微硬度计和W-2000摩擦磨损试验机分别测量硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,经过盐浴渗氮后,高熵合金表面形成含氮化物和氧化物的复合渗层,渗氮层深度最高为27.1 μm,硬度最高可达1080.0 HV0.2。盐浴渗氮可以有效提高高熵合金的耐磨性,改善摩擦学行为,640 ℃渗氮试样的磨损率仅为0.025 mm³/(N·m),与铸态相比降低了约76.7%。     

Effect of heating post-treatment on nitrided stainless steel

Although plasma nitriding has been applied successfully to increase the hardness of austenitic stainless steels, the process cycles are long due to the low nitrogen diffusion rate for these steels. An alternative to reduce the nitriding time is to perform a heating treatment after nitriding to prolong the diffusion process. In this work we investigate the properties of plasma nitrided AISI 316 stainless steel after heating post-treatments. The samples were nitrided at 823 K during 3 h. After nitriding, heating post-treatments were performed in a vacuum furnace. The influence of the heating time, ranging from 1 up to 16 h, and heating temperatures, varying from 732 up to 873 K, on the surface properties was investigated. The samples were characterized using microhardness testing, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The nitriding treatment results in a compound layer 44 μm thick with a hardness of 1434 HV_0.1, consisting predominantly of γ'-[Fe₄N] and CrN phases. As expected, an increase of the compound layer thickness and a decrease of the surface hardness with heating time were observed. However, the microhardness profiles show that beneath the surface the layer hardness increases for long treatment times. New phases as Fe₃O₄ and FeCr₂O₄ appear and grow with increasing heating time.     

Advance Complex Liquid Nitriding of Stainless Steel AISI 321 Surface at 430 °C

Liquid nitriding of type 321 austenite stainless steel was conducted at low temperature at 430 °C, using a type of a complex chemical heat-treatment; and the properties of the nitrided surface were evaluated. Experimental results revealed that a modified layer was formed on the surface with the thickness ranging from 2 to 30 μm varying with changing treatment time. When the stainless steel subjected to the advanced liquid nitriding less than 8 h at 430 °C, the main phase of the nitrided coating layer was the S phase generally. When the treatment time prolonged up to 16 h, S phase formed and partially transformed to CrN subsequently; and then the fine secondary CrN phase precipitated. All treatments performed in the current study can effectively improve the surface hardness. The nitrided layer thickness changed intensively with the increasing nitrided time. The growth of the nitride layer took place mainly by nitrogen diffusion according to the expected parabolic rate law. The highest hardness value obtained in this experiment was about 1400 Hv_0.25. Low-temperature nitriding can improve the corrosion resistance of the 321 stainless steel against diluted vitriolic acid. The immerse test results revealed that the sample nitrided for 16 h had the best corrosion resistance than the others. SEM examinations indicated that after nitriding, the corrosion mechanisms of the steel had changed from serious general corrosion of untreated sample to selectivity corrosion of nitrided samples in the diluted vitriolic acid.     

Crystallographic Texture Evolution of ■-Fe_4N and Its Influences on Tribological Property of Nitrided Steel

The crystallographic texture of ■-Fe4 N in compound layer and its influences on the tribological properties of nitrided steel 38 Cr Mo Al are investigated in the study. The preferred orientation of(200)■ is produced by low-temperature nitriding in atmosphere with low nitrogen–hydrogen ratio and increases with the nitriding time. The preferred orientation of(220)■ appears after 72 h cyclic nitriding. The orientation relationships(0001)_ε//(101)_■ and [110]_ε//[111]_■,(111)_■//(0001)_ε and 011_■//[1■10]_g,(200)■//(110)_■ and [011]_■//[111]_■, as well as (1■03)_ε //(220)_■ and [0100]_ε//[1■0]_■ are established by first-principles method. The misfit of interatomic distance(δ), determining the phase transition resistance, is calculated. Accordingly, two reaction pathways during nitriding, ■→■ and ■→ε→■, are assumed, which determines the preferred orientations of ■-Fe_4 N. Results of wear tests demonstrate that the specimen with preferred orientation of(200)■ exhibits lower frictional coefficient and lower wear rate in comparison with the specimen with(220)■ preferred orientation.(111)■ texture usually relates to the lower frictional coefficient but higher wear rate due to the main slip system parallel to the sliding plane. Therefore, the(200)■ preferred orientation has a positive significance in improving the wear properties of steels.