冷轧退火对FeMnCoCrAl高熵合金组织和力学性能的影响

使用真空电弧炉熔炼出(Fe₅₀Mn₃₀Co₁₀Cr₁₀)₉₄Al₆合金,利用冷轧及在不同温度对合金进行退火,以期望得到由多尺度再结晶晶粒构成的层状结构;并对不同退火温度的样品进行拉伸性能测试。利用扫描电镜和EBSD对合金组织形貌进行表征,采用X射线衍射方法研究其相组成。结果表明:合金在铸态和冷轧后相组成未发生变化,700 ℃退火得到较好的多尺度再结晶晶粒的层状结构,其屈服强度为487 MPa,抗拉强度为708 MPa,断后伸长率为39%,表现出良好的综合力学性能。     

固溶工艺对Ni-Cr-Al-Fe合金电学性能及屈服强度的影响

对合金丝材进行了不同温度和时间的固溶处理,探究了固溶参数对晶粒尺寸、电阻率、电阻温度系数及屈服强度的影响规律,对比了固溶态和时效态合金的性能差异。结果表明:提升固溶温度或延长保温时间,均使电阻率升高、电阻温度系数下降,有利于改善合金的电学性能;合金晶界移动激活能为674.25 kJ/mol,晶粒生长动力学方程为:D-^3.3_t=3.80×10³⁰texp-8.11×10⁴T;屈服强度与晶粒尺寸存在关系式:Rp0.2=341.19+354.64D^-0.5_t;通过950 ℃×7.5 min+430 ℃×0.5 h固溶时效处理后,合金的屈服强度为445 MPa,电阻率为132.2 μΩ·cm,电阻温度系数为2.2×10^-6℃^-1,满足制备精密电阻元件的要求。     

Ni合金化对Finemet合金热稳定性及软磁性能的影响

通过铜辊甩带法制备了成分为Fe_73.5-xSi_13.5B₉Cu₁Nb₃Ni_x(x=0、1、2、3)的非晶带材,并对其进行退火处理。利用XRD、DSC、VSM和软磁直流测试仪等对带材的相结构、热稳定性以及软磁性能进行测试分析。结果表明,所制备合金带材淬火态下均为完全非晶结构,经560 ℃保温60 min退火处理后,合金中形成了非晶和α-Fe(Si)纳米晶双相共存结构。随着Ni含量的增加,整体上非晶带材的一级起始晶化温度T_s1和二级起始晶化温度T_s2先减小后增大,两级起始晶化温度之差ΔT_s整体呈下降的趋势,由166.0 ℃下降至132.8 ℃,热稳定性降低。淬火态下,Ni元素的添加使得非晶带材的软磁性能有所恶化。经退火处理后,带材的软磁性能明显提升,当Ni含量x=1时,具有较好的软磁性能,其饱和磁化强度为157.7 emu/g,矫顽力为6.8 Oe。     

冷轧Zn—22Al合金回复行为的正电子湮没研究

本文利用正电子多普勒增宽和寿命方法研究了冷轧Zn-22Al合金的退火行为,整个退火过程分为四个阶段,空位恢复发生在低温阶段。G.P.区溶解发生在80℃至170℃范围内,当退火温度在170℃至275℃内时,淬火后重新形成G。P。区,退火温度在275℃以上时,淬火后形成更细的晶粒,退火温度高于330℃时,淬火后部分晶界具有空位团组态。     

退火工艺对激光选区熔化成形Ti6Al4V合金组织及室温力学性能的影响

以Ti6Al4V球形粉末为原料,利用激光选区熔化成形方法制备了Ti6Al4V合金试样,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等手段,研究了退火工艺对Ti6Al4V合金室温力学性能及组织的影响规律。结果表明: SLM成形沉积态Ti6Al4V合金室温抗拉强度超过1200 MPa,而平均断后伸长率仅为4.0%;在650 ℃下进行真空退火处理,合金的抗拉强度仍保持在1200 MPa左右,规定塑性延伸强度R_p0.2高于1150 MPa,但试样的断后伸长率<10%;而在750及800 ℃下进行真空退火处理,合金试样的抗拉强度降至1100 MPa左右,规定塑性延伸强度高于1050 MPa,伸长率达到甚至超过10%,材料的综合强韧性得到明显提升。随着真空退火加热温度和保温时间的增加,SLM成形Ti6Al4V合金原始β晶界逐渐变模糊,晶粒趋向于等轴化。与此同时,快速冷却转变的α′针状马氏体未出现明显地粗化。     

Ti-B20合金冷轧板材的再结晶行为

对固溶态Ti-B20合金进行70%压下量的冷轧变形，然后在800℃下进行不同时间的退火处理。采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了Ti-B20合金冷轧板材在退火过程中的静态再结晶行为和力学性能演变。结果表明：在退火过程中，合金的再结晶晶粒优先在晶界处和变形带处形核，导致退火初期组织不均匀；随退火时间的延长，晶粒逐渐等轴化，几何必要位错(GND)密度逐渐减小并趋于稳定，抗拉强度逐渐降低，而伸长率逐渐增加；在退火30 min后，Ti-B20合金冷轧板材的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为828 MPa和23.9%。合金再结晶体积分数与退火时间之间的关系可用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov(JAMK)方程来描述(X₈₀₀=1-exp(-0.26×t^0.74))。     

固溶处理对选区激光熔化Inconel 718合金组织与硬度的影响

利用选区激光熔化技术制备Inconel 718合金,对其在不同温度、时间和冷却条件下进行热处理。采用扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射仪和显微硬度计研究不同热处理工艺条件下Inconel 718合金的微观组织与硬度。结果表明:当热处理温度为1 080℃时,沉积态合金中的束状亚结构消失、第二相含量减少,随着保温时间的延长,晶粒开始由非均匀柱状晶转变为再结晶晶粒,残余应力集中区和小角度晶界逐渐减少,并且形成11160°退火孪晶,硬度从292 HV降低至253 HV;当热处理温度为1 130℃时,沉积态合金中的非平衡组织全部发生再结晶,残余应力集中区基本消失,晶粒内部出现均匀的退火孪晶,硬度保持在220 HV左右;对于1 080℃/60 min热处理试样,随炉冷却方式的硬度高达431 HV,其较高的硬度主要与随炉冷却形成大量的亚结构和析出相有关。     

淬火处理对Cu-Al合金热膨胀性能的影响

利用膨胀仪测试了Cu-Al合金在25～700℃的热膨胀系数,探讨了淬火处理对Cu-Al合金热膨胀性能的影响.结果表明:淬火处理能改变Cu-Al合金的热膨胀系数,Cu-Al合金淬火处理后的热膨胀系数在290～408℃时小于铸态Cu-Al合金的热膨胀系数.其余温度区间均大于铸态Cu-Al合金的热膨胀系数.     

热处理对Y2O3掺杂WC-Co硬质合金显微组织及性能的影响

采用固液掺杂法和放电等离子烧结制备了WC-Co-Y₂O₃硬质合金，随后对其进行了不同温度的退火处理。采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和维氏硬度计等研究了热处理前后WC-Co-Y₂O₃硬质合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明：氧化钇的加入可以细化WC-Co-Y₂O₃合金中的WC晶粒，提高了合金的维氏硬度和断裂韧性；随着退火温度的升高，WC-Co-Y₂O₃合金的维氏硬度逐渐降低，断裂韧性先升高后降低；WC-Co-Y₂O₃合金在500℃退火时拥有最佳的综合性能，维氏硬度为(1377±15) HV30,断裂韧性为(13.0±0.4) MPa·m^1/2。     

热处理对C-276合金无缝管晶粒长大行为的影响

研究了不同的热处理工艺对C-276合金冷轧无缝管晶粒长大行为的影响。结果表明:在同一保温时间下,随热处理温度的升高,C-276合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,且不同保温时间下的晶粒长大趋势相同。当热处理温度为1040～1080 ℃时,晶粒长大较快;在1080～1160 ℃时放缓;在1160～1200 ℃时又加快。在1040～1200 ℃下保温10 min后C-276合金的晶界迁移表观激活能为313.77 kJ/mol。当热处理温度为1040～1080 ℃时,随保温时间的延长晶粒长大较为缓慢;温度为1120～1160 ℃时,当保温时间在10 min内,晶粒长大较快,当保温时间大于10 min后晶粒长大减慢;温度升高到1200 ℃时,随保温时间的延长晶粒长大趋势较为平缓。热处理温度在1040～1200 ℃范围内,随温度的升高,C-276合金的晶粒长大动力学时间指数η先增大后减小。     

Structural and magnetic properties of Nd3(Fe,Ti)29Cx carbide

Nd₃(Fe,Ti)₂₉C_x, carbide has been synthesized by gas-solid reaction. An enhancement of the Curie temperature T_c from 437 K to 575 K is observed, reflecting a lattice expansion of 4.1% upon carbonation. The room temperature saturation magnetization M_s of the carbide is 145.5 A m² kg ¹ and the average hyperfine field, H_eff, 24.8 T. The magnetic structure of Nd₃(Fe,Ti)₂₉C_x carbide changes from easy-cone-like in the case of the parent compound to axial-like after carbonation with a room temperature anisotropy field H_A of 8 T.     

Evolution of magnetic hardness in the HfFe6Ge6-type RMn6Sn6−xGax and RMn6Sn6−xInx compounds (R=Tb, Dy; 0.2≤x≤1.4)

The HfFe₆Ge₆-type RMn₆Sn_6−xX_x′ solid solutions (R=Tb, Dy, X′=Ga, In; x≤1.4) have been studied by powder magnetization measurements. All the series are characterized by ferrimagnetic ordering and by a decrease in Curie temperatures with the substitution (ΔT_c/Δx≈−39 K for X′=Ga and ΔT_c/Δx≈−75 K for X′=In). The RMn₆Sn_6−xGa_x systems are characterized by a strong decrease in the spin reorientation temperature with substitution (ΔT_t/Δx≈−191 K and −78 K for R=Tb and Dy, respectively) while this transition almost does not change in systems containing indium. The coercive fields drastically decrease with the substitution in the TbMn₆Sn_6−xGa_x system while the substitution of In for Sn has a weaker effect. The coercive fields of the Dy compounds do not vary greatly with the substitution in both series. The behaviour of the TbMn₆Sn_6−xGa_x is compared with the evolutions observed in the TmMn₆Sn_6−xGa_x series. This comparison strongly suggests that the replacement of Sn by Ga changes the sign of the A₀² crystal field parameter.     

Boron content dependence of crystallization, glass forming ability and magnetic properties in amorphous Fe-Zr-B-Nb alloys

The glass forming ability (GFA) was investigated in Fe_91−xZr₅B_xNb₄ alloys with B contents of 0–36 at.%. The GFA changes with B content, and fully amorphous alloys were prepared by melt spinning for B contents between 5 and 30 at.%. The amorphous alloys crystallize with a primary crystallization mode in the low B content range of 5≤x≤20 at.%, but in the eutectic mode in the high B content range of 20<x<30 at.%. A single new metastable Fe-Zr-B-Nb cubic phase with a lattice constant of 1.0704 nm, a saturation magnetization of 137 emu/g and a coercivity of 7.3 Oe at room temperature is formed when crystallizing in a polymorphous mode at x=30 at.%. The glass transition temperature (T_g), crystallization temperature (T_x), Curie temperature (T_c) and saturation magnetizations (M_s) of the amorphous alloys increase with increasing B content, but the coercivity (H_c) decreases. As the B content exceeds 20 at.%, not only increase the T_g, T_x and GFA sharply, due to the change of crystallization mode, but also the concentration dependence of the T_c and M_s changes. It is concluded that the amorphous alloys have better GFA, thermal stability and soft magnetic properties for the high B contents of 25–30 at.% than for the low B contents of 5–20 at.%.     

富铜相对Fe-3%Si-Cu合金再结晶行为的影响

以2块热轧Fe-3%Si-Cu合金板为研究对象,分别过时效处理和固溶处理后多道次冷轧再进行500~800 ℃再结晶退火处理,分析了合金再结晶退火后的显微组织及不同再结晶退火工艺下合金的硬度变化,从而研究了冷轧Fe-3%Si-Cu合金的再结晶行为。结果表明,热轧试样经650 ℃过时效处理后有椭球形或棒状的面心立方ε-Cu相析出,棒状富铜相的尺寸较大,其长轴≥100 nm。不同工艺热处理的试样经冷轧后均表现出随退火温度的升高,完全再结晶时间缩短,且由于富铜相的析出,经固溶处理后的试样退火后其再结晶时间明显比过时效处理后试样的短。当再结晶退火温度为500 ℃时,冷轧前进行了固溶处理的试样出现了回复引起的软化不足以抵消析出造成的硬化的现象,在10⁴ s时硬度曲线上出现明显的时效硬化峰;在600 ℃以上退火时,则表现出再结晶占优势的退火特征,硬度曲线没有明显的时效硬化峰。     

HfFe6Ge6-type YbMn6Ge6−xGax compounds (0.07≤x<0.72) with large magnetocrystalline anisotropy

The HfFe₆Ge₆-type YbMn₆Ge_6−xGa_x solid solution (0.07≤x≤0.72) has been studied by X-ray diffraction, microprobe analysis and powder magnetization measurements. All the compounds order antiferromagnetically between T_N=481 K for x=0.07 and T_N=349 K for x=0.72 and display more or less pronounced spontaneous magnetization at lower temperature. The corresponding Curie points increase from 40 K for x=0.07 to 319 K for x=0.72. The maximum magnetization values of the Ga-rich compounds (M≈5 μ_B/f.u. at 6 K) is compatible with a ferrimagnetic order of the Mn and Yb sublattices whereas the smaller values measured in the Ga-poor compounds suggest the stabilization of non-colinear magnetic structures. All the studied compounds are characterized by rather large coercive fields at low temperature (4.0≤H_c≤8.2 kOe).     

黄铜H80大变形后热处理状态对后续轧制退火晶界特征分布的影响

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术研究了黄铜H80大变形后热处理状态对后续轧制退火晶界特征分布的影响.结果表明:90%冷轧后在450℃退火4min能促进后续冷轧退火中特殊晶界的形成,特殊晶界比例达到69.7%.进一步通过织构(ODF)图和取向成像显微(OIM)图分析显示,大变形退火形成的RC织构有利于非共格∑3晶界的形成,依靠非共格∑3晶界反应形成∑3~n(n=1,2,3)特殊晶粒团,使一般大角晶界网络的连通性被打断,实现GBCD优化.     

Magnetic properties of novel compounds R3(Fe,Cr)29Xy (R=Nd, Sm and X=N, C)

The novel ternary rare-earth iron-rich interstitial compounds R₃(Fe,Cr)₂₉X_y (R=Nd, Sm and X=N, C) with the monoclinic Nd₃(Fe,Ti)₂₉ structure have been successfully synthesized. Introduction of the interstitial nitrogen and carbon atoms led to a relative volume expansion ΔV/V of about 6% and an enhancement of Curie temperatures T_c about 268 K for the nitride and about 139 K for the carbide, respectively. The Nd₃Fe_24.5Cr_4.5X_y compounds have a planar anisotropy at room temperature. A first-order magnetization process (FOMP) with critical field B_cr=4.4 T and 3.1 T at room temperature were observed for the Nd-nitride and carbide compounds, respectively. The Sm₃Fe₂₄Cr₅X_y compounds were found to have a large uniaxial anisotropy of about 18 T at 4.2 K and about 11 T at 293 K. A FOMP with B_cr=2.3 T was also observed in the Sm-nitride compounds at 4.2 K. Magnets with coercivity of μ_OjH_c0.8 T at 293 K has been successfully developed from the Sm₃Fe₂₄Cr₅X_y (X---N and C) phases.     

Structure and magnetic properties of Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.76Ge0.24 annealed alloy

Bulk Mn_1.2Fe_0.8P_0.76Ge_0.24 alloy was prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent spark plasma sintering technique.Effect of annealing on the structure and magneto-caloric properties of the alloy was investigated.XRD results show that both sintered and annealed samples possess a hexagonal Fe₂P-type crystal structure.After annealing,ferromagnetic impurity Fe₃Mn₄Ge₆,which exists in the sintered sample,was eliminated from the alloy.Furthermore,the lattice constants a and c change noticeably,leading to a decrease in c/a ratio,while the cell volume almost remains invariable.As a result,the Curie temperature of the alloy increases from 253 K to 298 K,but the maximum magnetic entropy change decreases from 37.5 to 11.7 J·kg·K^-1 for 2 T magnetic field change.On the other hand,the thermal hysteresis of M-T curves around T_C upon heating and cooling is 14 and 8 K for the as-sintered and the annealed sample,respectively,showing evident change.