时效处理对Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金组织与性能的影响

本文研究了时效处理对Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金组织与性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金的组织和析出相进行了表征,并对其硬度、导电率和弹性模量进行了测试。结果表明：时效处理后析出Ni3Ti及 β''-Cu4Ti相。随着时效时间的延长,部分合金元素回溶于Cu基体,连续的亚稳定β''-Cu4Ti相向不连续的稳定Cu3Ti相转变。Ni3Ti相及β''-Cu4Ti相的析出减少了Ti原子的固溶,导致导电率升高。经过合适的时效处理,Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金中的Ni3Ti相及连续的亚稳定β''-Cu4Ti相析出完全,导致硬度升高,但时效处理对合金弹性模量影响不大。在本实验范围内,Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金的最佳时效处理工艺是 300°C时效2 h后炉冷,随后450 °C时效7 h炉冷。Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金的硬度、导电率及弹性模量分别是183 HV、31.34 % IACS (国际退火铜标准)及148.62 GPa。     

时效处理对Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金组织与性能的影响（英文）

研究了时效处理对Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金组织与性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金的组织和析出相进行了表征,并对其硬度、导电率和弹性模量进行了测试。结果表明:Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金时效处理后析出Ni_3Ti及β'-Cu_4Ti相。随着时效时间的延长,部分合金元素回溶于Cu基体,连续的亚稳定β'-Cu_4Ti相向不连续的稳定Cu3Ti相转变。Ni_3Ti相及β'-Cu_4Ti相的析出减少了Ti原子的固溶,导致导电率升高。经过合适的时效处理,Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金中的Ni_3Ti相及连续的亚稳定β'-Cu_4Ti相析出完全,导致硬度升高,但时效处理对合金弹性模量影响不大。在本实验范围内,Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金的最佳时效处理工艺是300℃时效2 h后炉冷,随后450℃时效7 h炉冷。Cu-3Ti-3Ni合金的HV硬度、导电率及弹性模量分别是1.83 GPa、31.34%IACS(国际退火铜标准)及148.62 GPa。     

深冷处理对Cu-3Ti-5Ni合金组织与性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对Cu-3Ti-5Ni合金深冷处理前后的组织演化及析出相进行了表征分析,采用维氏硬度计、涡流电导仪分别分析了深冷处理对合金硬度和导电率的影响。结果表明,Cu-3Ti-5Ni合金经深冷处理后,析出细小颗粒相,Ni3Ti第二相析出更完全。TEM分析发现深冷处理后针状Ni3Ti析出相的周围出现了位错的缠绕,基体中的位错线向位错环转换。适当时间的深冷处理可有效提高Cu-3Ti-5Ni合金的硬度,经深冷处理15 h后合金硬度达最大值217 HV10,但深冷处理对合金导电率的影响甚微。     

Zr含量对Al-Zr合金时效析出和性能的影响

对比研究了Zr添加(0.05,0.15和0.25wt%)对Al-Zr合金固溶态和固溶轧制态时效析出行为、硬度和导电率的影响。结果表明,固溶态Al-Zr合金的晶粒尺寸随Zr含量的增加而减小,但是固溶轧制态Al-Zr合金的晶粒尺寸对Zr添加量不敏感。固溶态Al-Zr合金在350 ℃时效过程中,由于Al₃Zr沉淀相的析出,合金硬度随Zr含量增大而增大,但是更强的点阵畸变场则导致导电率降低。而在固溶轧制态合金的时效中,大量变形位错的存在促进了Al₃Zr相的析出,Al-Zr合金在250 ℃下时效具有比350 ℃时效更优的硬度和导电率的综合性能。特别是0.25wt%Zr添加的Al-Zr合金,其析出强化可以有效补偿时效过程中位错湮灭引起的硬度降低,保持较高的硬度。综合考虑,固溶轧制态Al-0.25wt%Zr合金经250 ℃时效25 h后具有最优的硬度(47.5 HV0.5)和导电率(55.6%IACS)组合。     

时效态Cu-3Ti-1Ni合金的组织与性能（英文）

研究Ni的添加及时效处理对Cu-3Ti合金组织与性能的影响。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对Cu-3Ti-1Ni合金的组织和析出相进行表征,并对其硬度和导电率进行测试。结果表明:Ni的添加导致铸态Cu-3Ti合金在凝固过程中形成Ni Ti相,组织由树枝晶转变为等轴晶。时效处理后析出共格的亚稳定β'-Cu4Ti相,过时效导致β'-Cu4Ti相转变为非共格的层片稳定相Cu3Ti。同时,时效处理导致出现了退火孪晶,且在合金基体中发现位错线的聚集。Ni的添加提高了Cu-3Ti合金的导电率,降低了其硬度。在实验范围内,Cu-3Ti-1Ni合金的最佳时效处理工艺是300°C时效2 h后炉冷,随后450°C时效7 h炉冷,其硬度及导电率分别是HV 205及18.2%IACS(国际退火铜标准)。     

CrFeCoNiB0.05Tix高熵合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结工艺制备了CrFeCoNiB_0.05Ti_x(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0)高熵合金材料,通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察和能谱分析以及维氏硬度测试和压缩强度测试等,研究了Ti含量对高熵合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,CrFeCoNiB_0.05Ti_x(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0)高熵合金由FCC、BCC和α相组成。当x=1.0时,合金由BCC结构转向HCP结构并析出新相Laves相,其具有最高硬度416.54 HV0.2。当x=0.8时,合金达到最大抗压强度586.3 MPa。     

Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金的时效特征（英文）

研究了冷变形及时效处理对Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金组织与性能的影响。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金的组织和析出相进行了表征,并对其硬度和导电率进行了测试。结果表明:铸态Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金由Cu_2Mg相、板条状Cu_4Ti相及Cu基体组成。时效处理后析出β'-Cu_4Ti相,过时效则会导致亚稳定β'-Cu_4Ti相转变为稳定的Cu_3Ti相。在本实验范围内,Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金的最佳热处理工艺是700℃保温4 h后水淬,随后冷变形60%并在450℃保温2 h炉冷。Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金的导电率及硬度HV分别是16.7%IACS和3280 MPa。     

Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金的时效特征

本文研究了冷变形及时效处理对Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金组织与性能的影响。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金的组织和析出相进行了表征,并对其硬度和导电率进行了测试。结果表明：铸态Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金由Cu2Mg相、板条状Cu4Ti相及Cu基体组成。时效处理后析出β"-Cu4Ti相,过时效则会导致亚稳定β"-Cu4Ti相转变为稳定的Cu3Ti相。在本实验范围内,Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金的最佳热处理工艺是 700°C 保温4h后水淬,随后冷变形60%并在450 °C保温2 h炉冷。Cu-3Ti-2Mg合金的导电率及硬度分别是16.7 % IACS和328 HV。     

Ti-8Si-xZr-yY2O3合金的摩擦磨损性能研究

选用Ti,Si,Zr单质元素和纳米Y_2O_3粉末高能球磨-冷压烧结制备Ti-8Si、Ti-8Si-0.7Zr、Ti-8Si-1.4Zr和(质量分数,%)4种合金。利用SEM和EDS对烧结合金组织与成分进行分析,测试其硬度和摩擦系数、耐磨性等摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:4种试样烧结之后主要由相、Ti(Si)固溶体及Ti(Si、Zr)固溶体组成。Zr及Y_2O_3是通过改变高硬度的等物相的含量以及固溶体比例而起到弥散强化或固溶强化效果,改变其显微硬度;合金的显微硬度最大,其数值(约13770MPa)比Ti-8Si合金(10200MPa)提高了约35%。Ti-8Si合金(0.365)的摩擦系数最低,但Ti-8Si-1.4Zr(0.504)与相比,添加0.1%Y_2O_3后摩擦系数降低了约26%。添加Zr元素虽然提高了摩擦系数,但可以降低其磨痕宽度,一定程度上改善Ti-8Si合金的耐磨性;同时,合金的磨痕宽度最小,耐磨性最佳,Y_2O_3能够显著提高合金的耐磨性能。4种合金的磨损都以疲劳磨损为主,伴随着磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

Ti2Ni相对Ti-31合金焊缝金属性能的影响

Ti2Ni相是脆硬的金属间化合物,在Ti-31合金焊缝金属中析出Ti2Ni相,将明显地降低其冲击韧性.Ti2Ni相的自然腐蚀电位要负于Ti-31合金及其焊缝金属,在电化学上Ti2Ni相属阳极相,故在Ti-31合金焊接接头中Ti2Ni相将成为牺牲阳极.     

Mg含量对Al-Zn-Mg铝合金组织及性能的影响

通过改变镁的含量,设计了4种不同成分的Al-6.0Zn-xMg合金。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差式扫描量热分析仪(DSC)、硬度、导电率以及室温拉伸等分析测试方法,研究了Mg含量对Al-Zn-Mg合金铸态、均匀化态组织性能及T6态力学性能的影响。结果表明:4种铸态合金组织晶界附近存在大量共晶网状结构与链状第二相,主要为α(Al)+三元T(AlZnMg)相,合金中还存在少量的Al₃(Zr,Ti)相和富铁相,提高Mg含量会使合金组织中的非平衡共晶相增加。合金均匀化处理后空冷,基体内有大量细小弥散的针状η(MgZn₂)相析出,且随着Mg含量的提高,这种针状η(MgZn₂)相的析出数量也逐渐增多。随着Mg含量增加,硬度逐渐增加,导电率逐渐下降,且均匀化态合金的硬度及导电率比铸态的高。4种T6态合金中Al-6.0Zn-2Mg合金的综合力学性能最佳。     

Effect of Zr addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-46Ti-4Al alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-(46-x)Ti-4Al-xZr (x = 0-8, at.%) alloys have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mechanical tests. The results show that the Ni-Ti-Al-Zr alloys are composed of TiNi and (Ti, Al) 2 Ni with Zr as a solid solution element in both phases, and the third phase, (Zr, Ti, Al) 2 Ni, appears in Ni-40Ti-4Al-6Zr and Ni-38Ti-4Al-8Zr alloys. The compressive yield strength at room temperature increases with the increase of Zr content due to the solid-solution strengthening of Zr and precipitation strengthening of (Ti, Al, Zr) 2 Ni phase. However, the Ni-42Ti-4Al-4Zr alloy exhibits the maximum compressive yield strength at 873 and 973 K because of the softening of (Zr, Ti, Al) 2 Ni phase in the alloys with more Zr addition. The tensile stress-strain tests and the SEM fracture surface observations show that the brittle to ductile transition temperature of Ni-42Ti-4Al-4Zr alloy is between 873 and 923 K.     

Precipitation Hardening of Cu-3Ti-1Cd Alloy

Precipitation strengthening of Cu-3Ti-1Cd alloy has been studied using hardness and tensile tests, electrical resistivity measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The alloy exhibited a hardness of 117 Hv in solution-treated (ST) condition and attained a peak hardness of 288 Hv after aging at 450 °C for 72 h. Electrical conductivity increased from 7%IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) in ST condition to 13%IACS on aging at 450 °C for 16 h. The alloy exhibited yield strength (YS) of 643 MPa and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 785 MPa in peak-aged (PA) condition. Strengthening in Cu-3Ti-1Cd alloy in PA condition is attributed to solid solution strengthening effect of cadmium (Cd) as well as fine scale precipitation of metastable and coherent β′-Cu₄Ti phase. On overaging at 450 or 500 °C, the alloy showed a decrease in hardness as a result of formation of equilibrium precipitate β-Cu₃Ti as continuous precipitation within the matrix and as discontinuous precipitation at the grain boundaries. While the tensile properties are better, the electrical conductivity of Cu-3Ti-1Cd alloy is less than that of binary Cu-2.7Ti alloy. The strengthening mechanism is the same in both binary and ternary alloys of Cu-Ti, i.e., precipitation of metastable and coherent β′-Cu₄Ti phase.     

退火工艺对Al-Zr-Er系高导铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度计、电导率测试仪、扫描电镜(SEM)研究了退火工艺对水冷铜模制备的Al-Zr-Er合金组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明:Er元素添加量由0增加至0.30wt%,Al-Zr-Er合金内的初生Al(Fe,Er)相逐渐增多,在退火过程中则会析出大量纳米级Al₃(Zr、Er) 相。在等时退火过程中,硬度和电导率会形成两个峰值位置,即300~400 ℃的Al₃Er析出峰和500~550 ℃位置的Al₃(Zr,Er) 粒子析出峰;退火工艺中,多级退火可以更充分形成核壳结构Al₃(Zr,Er)粒子,硬度提升显著;三级退火过程中固溶在基体内的Zr、Er元素析出更充分,电导率提升最显著。成分方面,在Al-0.10Zr-xEr合金中,添加0.15wt%Er表现出更优越的综合性能;在Al-yZr-0.15Er合金中添加Zr元素虽然会提高合金硬度,但由于Zr元素析出不充分带来电导率的损失。     

Transformation Behavior of Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux alloys

Phase transformation behavior of Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux (x=2, 5, 15) alloys was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux alloys undergo a two-stage martensitic transformation on cooling and transform reversely in one stage on heating when treated at 823K for 5 hours. Heat treatment has no effect on the transformation behavior of Ti49Ni49Cu2 alloy but does influence that of Ti47.5Ni47.5Cu5 alloy and Ti42.5Ni42.5Cu15 alloy. Effect of heat treatment is related with precipitation of CuNiTi phase. The maximum recoverable elongation of Ti49Ni49Cu2 wire is about 6%.     

TRANSFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux ALLOYS

1.IntroductionIt is known that transformation behavior of Ti50Ni50-xCux shape memory alloys depends on the Cucontent[1-3].When the substitution of Cu for Ni is less than5at.%,the alloy transforms similar to that ofthe equiatomic Ti-Ni alloy,i.e.,from cubic(B2)to monoclinic(B19′).When the substitution of Cureaches10at.%,the alloy transforms in two stages,i.e.,from cubic(B2)to orthorhombic(B19),and thenfrom orthorhombic to monoclinic(B19′).By further substitution exceeding20at.%,the allo…     

Effect of V addition on hardness and electrical conductivity in Cu-Ni-Si alloys

The effect of vanadium (V) addition on the microstructure, the hardness and the electrical conductivity of Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si alloys was investigated. The V-free, the 0.1 wt% V-added, the 0.2 wt% V-added Cu base alloys were exposed to the same experimental conditions. After the cold rolling of the studied alloys, the matrix was recrystallized during the solution heat treatment at 950 °C for 2 h. However, small amounts of vanadium substantially suppressed the recrystallization and retarded the grain growth of the Cu base alloys. The added vanadium accelerated the precipitation of Ni₂Si intermetallic compounds during aging and therefore it contributed positively to the resultant hardness and electrical conductivity. It was found that the hardness and the electrical conductivity increased simultaneously with increasing aging temperature and time with accelerated precipitation kinetics by the addition of vanadium. In the present study, the Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si alloy with 0.1 wt%V was found to have an excellent combination of the hardness and the electrical conductivity when it was aged at 500 °C.     

AgCuTi活性钎料的轧制加工和性能研究

采用粉末冶金的方法,制备了两种成分的AgCuTi活性钎料。用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等研究了合金片材的组织形貌与结构。探讨了在不同的轧制变形量下,两种合金的变形量与组织结构、硬度、密度、电导率等物理、力学、电学性能的关系,分析了轧制撕裂断口的形貌和类型。结果表明,Ag-27.5Cu-2.5Ti和Ag-28Cu-4Ti两种成分活性钎料的组织结构、性能、断裂机理不一样,Ag-28Cu-4Ti的铜钛相分布较多、硬度较高、密度较低、电导率较小,同时塑性较差,轧制撕裂过程脆性断裂占主要部分;Ag-27.5Cu-2.5Ti塑性较好,轧制撕裂过程塑性断裂占主要部分。