球形TC4合金粉末的制备、表征及雾化机理

采用真空气体雾化法制备了TC4合金粉末,并采用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜和霍尔流速计等对制备的粉末粒度分布、组织形貌、松装密度、流动性等进行了测试分析。结果表明:真空气体雾化法制备的TC4合金粉末粒度呈正态分布,尺寸集中分布在32.52～182.50μm左右,粉末中值粒径d_(50)为92.70μm,粉末球形度高,氧含量低(0.14%);粉末具有较低的松装密度和良好的流动性,粒径在38～106μm的粉末其流动性为25～50 s/(50 g),松装密度为2.52～2.56 g/cm~3。TC4合金粉末中粒径较大的颗粒表面呈发达的近似等轴的胞状枝晶组织,而颗粒粒径越小,其表面越光滑。少部分小颗粒粘附在大颗粒表面上,出现连体的"卫星"状。     

气固两相流雾化法制备微细不锈钢粉末

采用含有固体食盐颗粒的气固两相流雾化工艺制备不锈钢粉末,并讨论了金属液流量、固体介质流量、气体介质流量以及气压等工艺参数对粉末粒度和形貌的影响.研究结果表明:在同等气体压力和流量的条件下,与普通气体雾化相比,气固两相流雾化所得不锈钢粉末具有更小的粒度和更好的球形度;随着气体介质流量及压力的增加,所制备的不锈钢粉末粒度越小,粉末的分布更集中;随固体介质盐流量的增大,所得粉末的粒度呈现先减小后增大的趋势.在熔体温度为1550℃～1 600℃,气体压力为0.9 MPa,气体介质流量为6 m3/min,金属液流量为42 g/s,盐流量为58 g/s条件下,制备出平均粒径为20 μm和球形度良好的不锈钢粉末.     

预混合工艺对铁基粉末冶金材料组织和烧结性能的影响

通过加入新型润滑剂制得Fe-2Cu-0.8C预混合铁基粉末,并制备了同成分机械混合粉末进行对比试验。对粉末流动性、松装密度以及压制性能进行了测试,并对烧结体的微观组织进行表征。结果表明:制备的预混合粉末流动性和松装密度均优于机械混合粉。当润滑剂加入量为0.6 mass%时,经600 MPa压力下压制所得的生坯密度为7.01 g/cm^3,烧结体密度为7.11 g/cm^3,批量压制时零件质量变化小于0.15%。通过预混合工艺,使得铜和石墨颗粒粘结到铁颗粒表面上,从而达到防止偏析和提高批次稳定性的目的。使用预混合粉末不仅提高了烧结体的尺寸精度和性能,同时可制备出更光洁的零件表面,进行形状复杂零件生产时更能体现出其在稳定性方面的优势。     

真空感应熔炼气雾化法制备高强度PH13-8Mo钢粉末的特性表征

采用真空感应熔炼气雾化(VIGA)法制备出球形高强度PH13-8Mo钢粉末,通过不同目数的筛网对粉末进行筛分,得到120~212μm,53~120μm,15~53μm和<15μm不同粒度区间的高强度PH13-8Mo钢粉末。利用氧氮分析仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、激光粒度分布仪和智能粉体特性测试仪等分析手段研究了不同粒径区间的PH13-8Mo钢粉末的氧含量、表面形貌、表面及内部微观组织、流动性和松装密度。结果表明:随着粉末粒度区间减小,PH13-8Mo钢粉末的比表面积从0.017 m^2/g显著增大到0.243 m^2/g,粉末中的O含量从0.017%增大到0.033%;当PH13-8Mo钢粉末粒径的范围为15~53μm区间时,粉末中的O含量相对较低,冷却速率较大,卫星球颗粒少,表面和内部组织主要由胞状晶和微晶组成,且该粒度范围的PH13-8Mo钢粉末的松装密度和流动性指数高。     

电弧微爆法制备增材制造用GH4169微细球形金属粉末

随着增材制造技术的飞速发展,GH4169制成的复杂零部件被广泛用于航空航天、汽车和能源等领域。球形粉末原材料是影响增材制造零部件性能的关键因素,气雾化法是目前主流的生产方法,具有细粉率高、粉末粒度分布窄等特点,但也存在球形度相对较差、卫星粉和空心粉多、材料成分偏析严重等问题。文中试验研究了一种微细球形金属粉末制备方法,称为电弧微爆法(Arc Plasma Micro-Blasting, APMB),该方法是一种利用电弧放电生产粉末的新方法,包含了一些雾化法+旋转电极法的特性。所制备的GH4169粉末,具有较高的球形度和良好的流动性,霍尔流速为17 s/50 g,松装密度为4.34 g/cm ³,振实密度为4.82 g/cm³。该粉末的主要相为γ相,在枝晶间区域内没有明显的Laves相,满足增材制造对粉末的要求。     

电磁波吸收板的微波吸收特性

研究了粉末成分对电磁波吸收板GHz微波吸收特性的影响 ,采用下列 4种合金的扁平粉末 (气体雾化法生产的 )进行了研究 ,4种合金的成分、饱和磁通密度 (Bs/T)和矫顽力 (A·m- 1)分别为Fe 5 0Ni:1 5 5、30 4 ;Fe 3Si:1 97、2 5 6 ;SMSS(软磁不锈钢 ) :1 75、6 0 0 ;Fe 6Si:1 82、17 6。采用气体雾化法生产的合金粉末 ,其氧含量较低而且磁性能也较好。研究用的合金是在容量为 30kg的感应电炉中于氩气氛中熔炼的 ,并且分别在过热温度 (Fe Si合金 1873K ,Fe 5 0Ni和SMSS合金 192 3K )下采取氩气 (1MPa压力 )雾化制粉。粉末经筛分获得 -…     

CoCrMoW合金的粉末特性及其激光选区熔化成形性能

利用真空气雾化技术制备激光选区熔化成形用CoCrMoW合金粉末,检测分析了粉末的特性,引入椭圆延伸度、ISO圆度、赘生物指数来定量表征粉末的粒形和卫星粉,并研究了该粉末的SLM成形性能和电化学性能。结果表明:粉末的D10、D50、D90粒度分别为:12.50、28.71、58.05μm;大部分粉末在形状上为球形和近球形,粉末平均椭圆延伸度为0.212,平均ISO圆度为0.607,表面没有粘连微粒的粉末占总体积的74.89%;粉末的松装密度为4.82 g/cm~3,振实密度为5.71 g/cm~3,压缩度为15.6%。粉末适用于激光选区熔化成形,成形试样致密度达到98.7%,表面粗糙度为8.3μm;显微硬度(HV)为3960 MPa,抗拉强度为1154 MPa,屈服强度为852 MPa,延伸率为8.5%,且耐腐蚀性能优于铸造CoCr合金。     

雾化参数对H70黄铜粉末粒度及其分布的影响

气雾化生产金属粉末是一个复杂的过程,影响因素较多.为制备较细粉末需求最佳的工艺参数组合,应用气体动力学和流体力学分析了雾化气体压力、金属熔体温度和导液管内径对H70黄铜雾化粉末粒度及其分布的影响.结果表明:适当地提高气体压力和金属熔体温度或者减小导液管内径均能使雾化粉末粒度增大,当雾化气体压力为1.3 MPa,金属熔体温度为1 160 ℃时,导液管内径为3.5 mm时,所制得的粉末的粒度及其分布均达到最佳效果.     

无坩埚熔炼气雾化技术制备Ti6Al4V粉末

本论文采用自主研发设计的无坩埚熔炼气雾化设备制备适用于金属增材制造的球形Ti6Al4V粉末。通过调节进料速度与雾化压力,45μm以下的粉末收得率可达35 wt.%,高于旋转电极制粉的收的率（~10 wt.%）通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和金相显微镜（OM）表征粉末显微结构与组织。结果表明制备的Ti6Al4V粉末具有良好的球形度和表面光滑,良好的流动性和较高的松装密度使其可用于金属增材制造与注射成型等。由于雾化过程中粉末的冷却速度为 104-108 K/s,粉末中的β相在冷却过程中转变为针状α′ 相。     

无坩埚熔炼气雾化技术制备Ti6Al4V粉末（英文）

采用自主研发设计的无坩埚熔炼气雾化设备制备适用于金属增材制造的球形Ti6Al4V粉末。通过调节进料速度与雾化压力,45μm以下的粉末收得率可达35%(质量分数),高于旋转电极制粉的收得率(～10%)通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和金相显微镜(OM)表征粉末显微结构与组织。结果表明制备的Ti6A14V粉末具有良好的球形度和表面光滑,良好的流动性和较高的松装密度使其可用于金属增材制造与注射成型等。由于雾化过程中粉末的冷却速度为10~4～10~8K/s,粉末中的刀相在冷却过程中转变为针状α'相。     

Heat transfer analysis of atomized droplets during high velocity arc spraying

The heat transfer problem of the atomized droplets during high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) was modeled and solved by a numerical method using a Fe-Al alloy, and the influences of several important process parameters on the heat transfer behaviors of the atomized droplets were analyzed. The results show that the initial cooling rates of different size droplets range from 105 to 107 K/s, thus producing the coating microstructure with the features of rapid solidification. The droplet size, atomization gas pressure and droplet superheat have great influences on the heat transfer behavior of the droplet. The droplet temperature and cooling rate are much sensitive to the droplet sizes, but insensitive to the atomization gas pressure and droplet superheat. It can be predicted that the properties of HVAS coatings will be improved by decreasing droplet size as well as increasing atomization gas pressure and droplet superheat in certain extents.     

增材制造用高流动性铝合金粉末制备技术研究

采用自主开发的旋转盘离心雾化实验装置进行雾化制备增材制造用铝合金粉末实验研究,通过开展雾化盘实验研究优选出粒度分布较均匀收得率较好的盘形,并获得其结构和工艺参数的影响规律;通过对制得的铝合金粉末性能和3D打印成型件物理性能进行检测。结果表明:离心雾化制备的铝合金粉末具有高流动性、窄粒度、高球形度、高松比,表面光洁无卫星粉,无空心粉等特点,同时3D打印离心雾化样件熔覆道均匀,孔洞缺陷少,致密度和力学性能明显优于气雾化样件,尤其是抗拉强度和屈服强达到495和320 MPa,相比气雾化粉打印样件提高近10%。     

气雾化制备Pd-Ag-Cu粉末钎料的研究

研究了惰性气体雾化法制备Pd-Ag-Cu合金粉末。在喷嘴结构不变的情况下,改变过热度、雾化压力、导流管的内径,导流管伸出长度都会影响到Pd-Ag-Cu合金粉末的粒度与粉末收得率。通过调整各项工艺发参数研究发现,提高过热度和雾化压力,减小导流管内径有利于降低粉末粒度,导流管随着伸出长度的增加,粉末粒度先降低后增加。各项参数都有临界值,不能无限制增大或减小,综合调整才能达到最佳制粉效果。     

Powder Size Influence on Tensile Properties and Porosity for PM Ti_2AlNb Alloy Prepared by Hot Isostatic Pressing

Pre-alloyed powder of Ti_2AlNb alloy was prepared by electrode induction gas atomization method, and the powder was screened into fi ve kinds of powder size distribution. Fully dense Ti_2AlNb alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy(PM) using hot isostatic pressing. The properties of pre-alloyed powder and PM Ti_2AlNb alloy were tested. Results show that mean grain size of PM Ti_2AlNb alloy is infl uenced by powder particle size, but particle size has no signifi cant infl uence on tensile properties. Finer Ti_2AlNb powder has low Argon gas bubble ratio and high oxygen content, and poor fl owability of fi ner powder increases the degree of diffculty during degassing. As a result, big pores( 50 μm) are observed in PM Ti_2AlNb alloy prepared by fi ner powder and cause plasticity loss of tensile properties. In order to get a better comprehensive properties of PM Ti_2AlNb alloy, powder with an average size(～ 100 μm) is suggested.     

Preparation of TiAl3-Al composite coating by cold spraying

TiAl₃-Al coating was deposited on orthorhombic Ti₂AlNb alloy substrate by cold spraying with the mixture of pure Al and Ti as the feedstock powder at a fixed molar ratio of 3:1 when the spraying distance, gas temperature and gas pressure for the process were 10 mm, 250 °C and 1.8 MPa, respectively. The as-sprayed coating was then subjected to heat treatment at 630 °C in argon atmosphere for 5 h at a heating rate of 3 °C/min and an argon gas flow rate of 40 mL/min. The obtained TiAl₃-Al composite coating is about 212 μm with a density of 3.16 g/cm³ and a porosity of 14.69% in general. The microhardness and bonding strength for the composite coating are HV525 and 27.12 MPa.     

Preparation and Performance of Spherical Ni Powder for SLM ProcessingEI北大核心CSCD

3D printing has attracted increasing interests in the field of metallic materials as it can effectively shorten the production cycle and create parts with complex shapes, which can hardly be produced by traditional methods. However, the gas atomization, as the mainstream method of preparing metal and alloy powders to meet the requirements of the processing of selective laser melting (SLM) at present, still has some limitations, such as hollow and/or satellite balls in the powder. This influences directly the density and performance of the printing parts. Moreover, the laser absorption in the smooth surface of powder particle is generally less than 10% in the laser processing, which hinders rapid heating of the powder. It has been found that the material can obtain multiple absorption of laser energy by increasing the surface roughness of powder particles, which can effectively improve the laser absorption rate and is beneficial to get the dense printing parts. Based on this, a novel method combining low temperature spray-drying with heat treatment was developed to prepare Ni powder with high purity, good sphericity, high flowability and narrow particle size distribution. The microstructure and laser absorptivity of the prepared Ni powder were compared with those of the commercial Ni powder prepared by gas atomization, and their influences on the microstructure and properties of the 3D printed bulk materials were investigated. It is found that the laser absorptivity of the Ni powder prepared by spray-drying is more than 2 times as high as that of the commercial Ni powder. This leads to a wider melting channel, smaller surface ten-sion and liquid-bridging force between particles in the printing process. As a result, the spheroidization phenomenon occurred on the surface of the printed bulk material can be avoided by the use of the spraydried powder, and the relative density is achieved as 99.2% at the as-printed state. In the microstructure of the printed bulk material, in addition to the cellular crystals, there are a number of fine columnar crystals, grown across the interlaminar boundaries, which is favorable for a high bonding strength between the interlayers.     

Consolidation and properties of binderless sub-micron tungsten carbide by field-activated sintering

The rapid sintering of nano-structured WC hard materials in a short time is introduced with a focus on the manufacturing potential of this spark plasma sintering process. The advantage of this process allows very quick densification to near theoretical density and prohibition of grain growth in nano-structured materials. A dense pure WC hard material with a relative density of up to 97.6% was produced with simultaneous application of 60 MPa pressure and electric current of 2800 A within 2 min. A larger current caused a higher rate of temperature increase and therefore a higher densification rate of the WC powder. The finer the initial WC powder size the higher is the density and the better are the mechanical properties. The fracture toughness and hardness values obtained were 6.6 MPa m^1/2 and 2480 kg/mm², respectively under 60 MPa pressure and 2800 A using 0.4 μm WC powder.     

机械合金化和烧结工艺对Al-Ni-Y-C0-La合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过气雾化方法制备Al86Ni7Y4．5Co1La1.5（摩尔分数,％）合金粉末。首先,将粉末进行不同时间的球磨,然后在不同的烧结温度及保压时间等条件下对粉末分别进行热压烧结和放电等离子烧结。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）,扫描电镜（sEM）以及透射电镜（TEM）对粉末和块体材料的显微组织和形貌进行表征。结果表明：在特定球磨参数下球磨100h以上可以产生非晶,而且通过放电等离子烧结可以得到非晶／纳米晶块体材料,然而这种材料的相对密度较低。通过热压烧结可制备抗压强度为650MPa的Al86Ni7Y4．5Co1La1.5纳米块体材料。     

High pressure EIGA preparation and 3D printing capability of Ti—6Al—4V powder

Ti—6Al—4V alloy powder was processed by electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA) at high gas pressure (5.5–7.0 MPa). The effects of atomizing gas pressure on the powder characteristics and the microstructure, along with the mechanical properties of the as-fabricated block by laser melting deposition (LMD), were investigated. The results indicate that the diameters of powders are distributed in a wide range of sizes from 1 to 400 μm, and the median powder size (d₅₀) decreases with increasing gas pressure. The powders with a size fraction of 100–150 μm obtained at gas pressures of 6.0 and 6.5 MPa have better flowability. The oxygen content is consistent with the change trend of gas pressure within a low range of 0.06%–0.20%. Specimens fabricated by LMD are mainly composed of α+β grains with a fine lamellar Widmanstatten structures and have the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength of approximately 1100 and 1000 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the atomized powders have a favorable 3D printing capability, and the mechanical properties of Ti—6Al—4V alloys manufactured by LMD typically exceed those of their cast or wrought counterparts.