Mg-Zn合金的时效处理研究进展

镁合金具有密度小、比强度及比刚度高、良好的切削加工性能及易于回收等优点。时效处理是提高镁合金的力学性能常见方法之一。本文基于析出相变理论和Mg-Zn二元相图,对Mg-Zn系二元及多元镁合金在时效处理时可能出现的组织结构变化作出预测。结合文献,探讨了时效处理时GP区的形成组分及温度条件,及其带来的材料力学性能变化,总结了铸态、变形MgZn系合金时效处理最佳工艺。     

AZ91镁合金的形变热处理

用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等分析手段及力学性能测试,研究了形变热处理对AZ91合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,AZ91镁合金拉伸变形主要是以孪生的方式进行。拉伸变形后的合金经时效处理时,β-Mg17Al12首先在孪晶内及孪晶界处弥散析出,随着时效时间的延长,析出物的量不断增加。当孪晶内析出物的量达到一定值时,在晶界处出现了非连续的片层状β-Mg17Al12相,晶内也出现了少量的连续析出的β-Mg17Al12相。未发生变形的AZ91镁合金时效处理时,β-Mg17Al12相仅在晶界处以非连续的方式呈片层状形式析出。AZ91镁合金变形试样经时效处理后,其室温抗拉强度均高于经过相同工艺时效处理后的未变形试样,且当时效时间为12 h时达到最大值。     

预时效对AZ80镁合金形变热处理组织及性能的影响

针对AZ80镁合金采用了固溶处理+预时效+形变+时效处理的工艺路线,研究了预时效及随后的形变对其组织和性能的影响.试验结果表明,固溶处理使绝大部分Mg17Al12相溶入了α-Mg基体.形变处理后,晶粒被拉长,颗粒相或杂质沿变形方向分布,出现明显的纤维组织,晶粒内部出现了大量交错的形变孪晶.变形程度越大,加工硬化效果越显著,到30％时,硬度增长缓慢.形变前预时效增加了再结晶的形核,在形变后的时效处理过程中,发生了再结晶,形变产生的纤维组织消失,生成了等轴晶粒,形变程度越大,再结晶后的等轴晶粒越细小.再结晶软化和时效析出强化共同作用,使得AZ80镁合金的硬度比时效前略有升高.因此,形变热处理能有效地改善AZ80镁合金的组织和提高其力学性能.     

强变形工艺对2519A铝合金组织与性能的影响

通过硬度测试、拉伸性能测试、透射电镜观察等分析手段研究了不同强变形工艺下2519A铝合金的力学性能与微观组织。结果表明,经50%的冷轧变形和165 ℃人工时效后,2519A合金的力学性能明显提高,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为522 MPa、468 MPa和8.5%。而在冷变形前添加165 ℃×2 h预时效处理,合金的力学性能进一步提高,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到535 MPa、497 MPa和8%。预时效处理可以提高合金中θ′相的密度,使析出相分布更加均匀,有助于提高合金的力学性能。     

时效处理对AZ81镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过对挤压坯预成形AZ81镁合金进行模压成形及随后的时效处理,研究了形变及时效过程中显微组织及力学性能的变化规律.结果表明:时效温度埘AZ81镁合金力学性能及显微组织的影响较大,随时效温度升高至200℃,第二相的析出速度加快,且析出相分布变得均匀,细小析出相呈弥散状态分布于晶界上;随时效时间的延长.β-Mg17Al12析出相逐渐增多,当时效温度为200℃、时效20h时,晶界大多被析出物所掩盖,晶粒内充满大量点针状析出相,合金显微组织的各向异性得以消除,成分较为均匀,进一步提高了模压成形镁合金的力学性能,经400℃模压成形及200℃×20 h的时效处理后,其抗拉强度可达358.5 MPa,屈服强度达到260.7 MPa,伸长率为9.8%.     

预变形及退火对变形镁合金组织及性能影响研究进展

变形镁合金受限于成形工艺,致使其室温成形性较差并且具有较强的各向异性。通过在不同变形条件进行预变形结合退火处理能够有效弱化镁合金织构从而改善镁合金的力学性能。总结并评述了3种预变形方式结合退火处理对镁合金微观组织与力学性能的影响,并对未来的发展提出了建议。     

预变形对Ti-6Al-4V合金时效行为和力学性能的影响（英文）

研究了固溶处理后预变形对Ti-6Al-4V合金时效行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在940和955℃固溶处理后进行预变形,可以提高时效过程中第二相α的析出。在940℃固溶处理后,随着预变形量的增加,时效处理后第二相α含量增加,α相尺寸减小,合金的强度和硬度增加。在时效处理之前进行预变形可以明显提高合金的抗拉伸强度和硬度,也能同时保持比较好的韧性。相对固溶温度为940℃,Ti-6Al-4V合金在955℃固溶处理后进行预变形对于提高合金的强度和硬度的效果不显著。采用扫描电镜对不同预变形和时效处理后的合金断口形貌进行了分析。     

变形镁合金复合强化过程研究

对AZ80镁合金进行了固溶处理及热挤压实验，并在不同温度下进行了时效热处理实验。探讨了挤压变形和时效处理对AZ80合金中组织演变与性能的影响。热挤压过程中发生了动态再结晶，使晶粒细化，提高了镁合金的强度和延伸率。挤压产生较强的织构，织构提高了力学性能。170℃时效时，发生了β-Al12Mg17的不连续析出和连续析出。随着β-Al12Mg17的析出和形态转变，AZ80显示了明显的时效硬化特征，并在36小时时出现时效峰。高温时效时的析出不同于低温，析出速度加快，但性能较差。确定了挤压＋170℃时效是提高镁合金材料力学性能的有效工艺方法。     

预变形对TB3合金时效析出行为及其力学性能的影响

研究固溶处理后的预变形对Ti-10Mo-8V-1Fe-3.5Al(TB3)随后时效过程中α相析出行为以及时效处理后力学性能的影响.对于经过预变形的试样时效后在金相显微镜下观察到网状的析出组织.透射电子显微镜观察表明:预变形时效试样中,α片优先在滑移带、晶界等高密度位错区形核长大,并伴有α片的变体选择效应.金相与X射线衍射结果表明,预变形对α相变有促进作用.拉伸试验结果显示:与自由时效相比,通过冷变形可以缩短时效时间,提高材料拉伸强度,但同时降低了材料的延性.     

热变形对AZ80镁合金组织性能的影响

对AZ80镁合金进行了平面应变等温压缩试验,并对压缩试样进行了时效处理。对不同变形条件下压缩试样的组织与力学性能进行了分析,并对压缩试样及压缩+时效处理试样的组织性能进行了比较。结果表明,AZ80镁合金通过热变形,其抗拉强度均有不同程度的提高。时效处理对压缩试样的性能影响不大,主要是由于压缩后试样在水冷过程中,析出部分第二相起到了弥散强化效果。在本实验范围内,AZ80镁合金在低温区结合大的变形量进行压缩变形后水冷,可获得较高的抗拉强度。     

Dislocation-Induced Precipitation and Its Strengthening of Al–Cu–Li–Mg Alloys with High Mg

Generally, the good combination of pre-deformation and aging can improve the mechanical strength of the Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloys. However, the effects of pre-deformation on competitive precipitation relationship and precipitation strengthening have not been clarified in detail in Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloys with high Mg. In the present study, the effects of pre-deformation level on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an Al–2.95 Cu–1.55 Li–0.57 Mg–0.18 Zr alloy have been investigated. It is found that the introduction of dislocation by 5% pre-deformation can facilitate the precipitation of new successive composite precipitates and T _1 precipitates along the sub-grain boundaries or dislocations and inhibit the precipitation of dispersive GPB zones which is the main precipitates of the alloys without pre-deformation. The introduction of 5% pre-deformation can enhance the mechanical properties considerably. When the pre-deformation level increases from 5 to 15%, the number density of the successive composite precipitates and T _1 precipitates increases, and the aspect ratio of T _1 precipitates decreases. The decrease in T _1 precipitate aspect ratio and the increment of the successive composite precipitates result in the reduction in precipitation strengthening. Therefore, the increase in pre-deformation level from 5 to 15% does not further improve the mechanical properties of the alloys, although the dislocation strengthening increases continuously.     

Obtaining Ultra-High Strength and Ductility in a Mg–Gd–Er–Zn–Zr Alloy via Extrusion,Pre-deformation and Two-Stage Aging

The Mg–12Gd–1Er–1Zn–0.9 Zr(wt%) alloy with ultra-high strength and ductility was developed via hot extrusion combined with pre-deformation and two-stage aging treatment.The age-hardening behavior and microstructure evolution were investigated.Pre-deformation introduced a large number of dislocations,resulting in strain hardening and higher precipitation strengthening in the subsequent two-stage aging.As a result,the alloy showed a superior strength–ductility balance with a yield strength of 506 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of 549 MPa and an elongation of 8.2% at room temperature.The finer and denser β' precipitates significantly enhanced the strength,and the bimodal structure,small β-Mg_5RE phase as well as dense γ' precipitates ensured the good ductility of the alloy.It is suggested that the combination of pre-deformation and two-stage aging treatment is an eff ective method to further improve the mechanical properties of wrought Mg alloys.     

Effects of pre-deformation mode and strain on creep aging bend-forming process of Al−Cu−Li alloy

The bending deformation method was adopted to characterize the creep deformation behavior of Al−Cu−Li alloy in the creep aging forming (CAF) process based on a series of CAF tests, and the evolution laws of its mechanical properties and microstructures under different pre-deformation conditions were studied. The results show that the bending creep strain characterization method can intuitively describe the creep variation. With the increase of the pre-deformation strain, the creep strain of the specimen firstly increases and then decreases. The increase of the pre-deformation strain can promote the course of aging precipitation, and improve the formed alloy’s tensile properties at room temperature, the Kahn tearing properties, and the fatigue propagation properties. Pre-rolled specimens produce a slightly weaker work hardening than pre-stretched specimens, but they also create a stronger aging-strengthening effect; thus the strength, toughness and damage performance can be improved to some extent. Among all the types of specimens, the specimen with 3% rolling after CAF treatment has the best comprehensive mechanical properties.     

时效温度对ZK60镁合金组织和性能的影响

对ZK60镁合金在100～220℃进行时效处理,通过金相组织分析、断口扫描分析及力学性能测试,研究了时效温度对ZK60镁合金的显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:时效处理能明显改善ZK60镁合金的组织和力学性能.其力学性能随时效温度升高呈规律性变化,网络结构是力学性能变化的主要原因.得出ZK60镁合金力学性能的优化时效温度为190℃.     

Microstructure-properties relationship in two Al-Mg-Si alloys through a combination of extrusion and aging

Aluminum alloys containing magnesium and silicon as the major solutes are strengthened by precipitation of the metastable precursors (β″) of the equilibrium β (Mg₂Si) phase. In this study, dynamic aging of two Al-Mg-Si alloys—the 6061 (Al-1.34% Mg₂Si) and 6069 (Al-2.25% Mg₂Si) alloys—was conducted through equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). Equal channel angular extrusion-assisted dynamic aging provides the potential for improving mechanical properties. The aging time scale is reduced from ∼1,000 min. for conventional static peak aging to ∼10 min. by using ECAE-assisted dynamic aging. Compared to the significant strengthening effect in static aging treatment, a notable further increase in ultimate tensile strength is achieved by dynamic aging: over 40 MPa for the 6061 alloy and 100 MPa for the 6069 alloy. Microstructures of both aged alloys were characterized using transmission electron microscopy; dislocation-assisted precipitation was observed to be the primary precipitate nucleation and growth mechanism during the dynamic aging process. It is concluded that ECAE-assisted dynamic aging is controllable and efficient in executing aging treatment that could result in superior mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys.     

Effect of {332}< 113 > Twins Combined with Isothermal omega-Phase on Mechanical Properties in Ti-15Mo Alloy with Different Oxygen ContentsEI北大核心CSCD

beta-type alloys have a wide application prospect in aerospace, biomedical and marine engineering and other fields, owing to their high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus. Their yield strength and uniform elongation are affected by the second phase precipitation, plastic deformation mode and interstitial element, especially the oxygen element. In this work, the effect of tensile pre-deformation induced {332}< 113 > twins combined with isothermal w-phase after subsequent ageing on the mechanical properties of beta-type Ti-15Mo alloy with different oxygen contents from 0.1% to 0.5% (mass fraction) was examined by OM, XRD, TEM and DSC, Vickers hardness tester and tensile testing machine. The results indicated that with increasing the oxygen content, the formation of mechanical twins and isothermal omega-phase in the alloy was suppressed, and the effect of pre-deformation induced twins on the precipitation of isothermal omega-phase was negligible. After pre-deformation combined with subsequent ageing, the alloy with low oxygen content had the relatively high yield strength and large uniform elongation, but it with high oxygen content exhibited the brittle fracture. A good combination of strength with ductility in the alloy with low oxygen content was contributed to the twinning and dislocation slip coupled deformation. The high yield strength was mainly dominated by the dislocation slip, and the large uniform elongation was due to the static and dynamic grain refinement effects, which were caused by the pre-deformation induced twins and subsequent twinning deformation, respectively. Through utilizing the alloying element of oxygen effectively, and changing the plastic deformation mode and phase precipitation behavior based on the reasonable process of pre-deformation and heat treatment, the combination of strength and ductility can be controlled in a large range for the beta-type titanium alloys.     

预变形结合人工时效对Al-Mg-Si合金力学性能的影响

研究预变形结合人工时效处理对AA6060铝合金强度和韧性的影响。对经过均匀化热处理和挤压加工的AA6060铝合金进行固溶处理,然后对材料实施0-10%的预变形并再进行时效处理或者在人工时效过程中进行同步变形。通过对不同时效处理后的合金的显微硬度和拉伸性能分析,发现预变形对材料的时效行为和力学性能有显著影响,它可以使合金的时效速度明显加快。比较预变形和同步变形对人工时效的影响发现,同步变形结合人工时效可以使该合金在更短的时间内得到更好的力学性能。对两种变形对时效行为的影响机理进行了探讨。     

Improved Properties in Relation to Fine Precipitate Microstructures Tailored by Combinatorial Processes in an Al-Cu-Mg-Si Alloy

The 2xxx series Al alloys have been widely used in aerospace industry owing to their high strength, good plasticity and superior formability. To ensure a good control of shape, the quenched alloy sheets require a small pre-deformation before artificial aging. However, this pre-deformation considerably deteriorates the mechanical strength of the Al-3.0Cu-1.8Mg-0.5Si (wt%) alloys due to the formation of unfavorable large-sized precipitates at dislocations. To tackle this issue, we designed a pre-aging process prior to the pre-deformation. The thermal-mechanical treatment, involving pre-aging, pre-deformation and subsequent aging, markedly enhanced the ultimate tensile strength up to 521 MPa compared to that (448 MPa) of the alloy without pre-aging. Microstructure characterization revealed that the fine precipitates (~ 2 nm) with a uniform dispersion were promoted within the Al matrix, which in turn partly suppressed the formation of the unfavorable large-sized precipitate (~ 100 nm). Our findings provide a new clue for designing stronger Al alloys with age-hardenability.     

预变形对2E12铝合金时效析出过程的影响

通过DSC热分析、显微硬度测试、透射电镜分析等研究了预变形对2E12铝合金时效析出过程的影响。结果表明：2E12铝合金表现为双阶段时效硬化特征,预变形降低了合金时效第1阶段硬化效果,提高了合金峰时效硬度,缩短了峰时效时间;随预变形量的增加,合金峰时效硬度增大,峰时效时间提前。增加预变形量使合金中析出的板条状S相更为细小、弥散。预变形引入位错对沉淀析出有利,位错环纯刃型位错为S相析出提供有利位置,促进球状S相形核。预变形产生位错结构有利于I型S相析出,并延缓II型S相析出