纺丝原料对高强高模聚乙烯醇纤维结构性能的影响

研究了纺丝原料聚合度、转化率对聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维高强高模化的影响。结果表明:高聚合度有利于减少端基缺陷,提高纤维性能;低转化率PVA相对高转化率PVA具有高的聚合度和线性程度,所得纤维力学性能更高。同时发现,低转化率原料纺得纤维在高倍拉伸后有强度模量较高的横纹丝产生,因此适合制备高强高模纤维。     

侧吹风速度对高强聚酰胺6纤维结构和性能的影响

以相对黏度为2.8的聚己内酰胺(PA 6)切片为原料,采用熔融纺丝结合多级拉伸工艺制备高强PA6全拉伸丝(FDY);在其他工艺条件一定、侧吹风速度为0.22～0.42 m/s的条件下,研究侧吹风速度对高强PA6 FDY结构和性能的影响.结果表明:随侧吹风速度提高,高强PA6 FDY断裂强度变化不大而断裂伸长率有所下降,...     

聚丙烯腈基高强高模石墨纤维结构研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维为先驱体,经连续热稳定化、碳化处理,制备出T800级碳纤维;进一步经连续石墨化处理后,制备出M50J级石墨纤维。采用SEM、元素分析、XRD和Raman等手段表征了碳纤维截面形貌、化学组成、石墨微晶及取向等结构。与进口M50J石墨纤维相比,国产M50J级碳纤维模量与其相当,但有更高的拉伸强度;同时两者间碳含量和石墨微晶尺寸相当,但国产纤维具有更高的取向程度和石墨化程度。M50J级碳纤维比T800级碳纤维具有更高的碳含量、更完善的石墨微晶结构及取向程度。     

拉伸条件对高强PVA纤维结构和性能的影响

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)加入到二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和水(质量比94:6)的混合溶剂中,以甲醇为凝固剂,采用干湿法凝胶纺丝,经热拉伸和热定型后,制得高强度PVA纤维。探讨了拉伸工艺对高强PVA纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明:对于负拉伸为40%,初拉伸2倍,220℃热拉伸9.9倍,热定型2 min的PVA纤维,纤维的结晶结构比较完善,断裂强度为17.8 cN/dtex,初始模量为310.7 cN/dtex;PVA纤维在光学显微镜下观察到的横纹反映出结晶聚集体的光学现象,横纹较多时,纤维的断裂强度和初始模量较高。     

高强聚乙烯醇纤维的结构和氢键（I）

用二甲基亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）和水作为溶剂纺制聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）纤维（以下简称为ＤＭＳＯ纤维和水纤维），用固体高分辨核磁共振等方法研究纤维结晶和非结晶区域的结构和氢键。观察了这两类纤维的分子内氢键、分子间氢键的组成随拉伸所发生的变化。通过＾１３Ｃ自旋－晶格弛豫的解析研究了它们的结晶相、非晶相结构随着热处理和拉伸而发生的变化。     

影响丙纶高强丝强度的主要因素

探讨了影响丙纶高强丝强度的主要因素,如原料的熔融指数、拉伸倍数及拉伸速度,其中,拉伸倍数对丙纶高强丝的强度贡献最大.     

高强高模聚乙烯醇纤维的生产工艺初探

采用凝胶纺丝,添加硼酸和助剂生产高强高模聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维,探讨了其生产工艺。结果表明:控制纺丝原液PVA质量分数16%,添加硼酸质量分数1.0%～1.1%;采用Na_2SO_4/NaOH凝固浴体系,其中Na_2SO_4质量浓度为300g/L,NaOH质量浓度为80～100g/L,凝固浴温度45℃,凝固时间25s;选择4段拉伸,湿热拉伸倍数为6,总拉伸倍数为14;生产稳定,得到的高强高模PVA纤维断裂强度达15cN/dtex,模量达320cN/dtex。     

PVA凝胶纺丝工艺对纤维结构与性能的影响

讨论了聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）凝胶纺丝过程中的凝固浴、初生冻胶丝的溶剂萃取和干燥收缩以及干冻胶丝超拉伸、热定型等工艺条件对ＰＶＡ纤维结构和性能的影响，并制备出拉伸强度和模量分别为１１．３和４３０ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ的高强高模ＰＶＡ纤维。     

聚丙烯纤维对高强砂浆的性能影响研究

高强砂浆是制备结构修补砂浆、灌浆料和超高性能纤维增强混凝土(UHPC)的基础,通过研究聚丙烯纤维长度和掺量对高强砂浆流动度和抗折抗压强度的影响,得出聚丙烯纤维在高强砂浆中的应用经验。研究表明:随着聚丙烯纤维掺量增加导致高强砂浆的流动度降低,1 d抗折强度和抗压强度提升明显;高强砂浆中聚丙烯纤维合理掺量为0.225%,最佳长度为6～10 mm。     

Irradiation of highly oriented polyethylene fibers in the atmosphere of some vinyl monomers: Effect on compressive strength

Highly oriented polyethylene fibers have been modified by γ‐irradiation in the presence of some vinyl monomer vapors, followed with further annealing in the atmosphere of the same monomer. Two types of vinyl monomers that are known to produce polymers with different glass transition temperatures, namely methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate, were studied for their effect on the compressive strength of the fiber. It was found that a significant improvement in compressive strength, measured by tensile recoil test, was obtained. The level of improvement was affected by heat treatment and the presence of monomer during irradiation. Modification with vinyl acetate was found to be more effective than methyl methacrylate. These facts suggest that the improvement in compressive strength was attributable to several factors, including structural relaxation, the presence of graft copolymer, and energy dissipation ability of the graft copolymer. It is speculated that lateral integrity of the fiber is one of the key factors that prevents sliding of microfibril and possibly lateral or circumferential expansion of the fiber to accommodate kink band. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2494–2502, 2001     

高强度聚乙烯醇纤维结构与性能研究

继超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)纤维得到较快发展以来,有关高强度聚乙烯醇纤维的研究与开发也受到人们重视,介绍和讨论了高强度聚乙烯醇纤维的研究和开发现状,包括制备方法、纤维结构与性能、应用等方面的情况。     

高熔体强度聚丙烯树脂的结构与性能

采用差示扫描量热法、傅里叶变换红外光谱、毛细管流变、熔体拉伸等方法,从结晶性、黏弹性及物理机械性能等方面对高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)树脂进行结构表征与性能分析。结果表明:HMSPP树脂具备较高的弯曲模量,同时具备优异的抗熔垂能力和更宽的加工温度;拉伸黏度随拉伸速率的增大而增大,呈现出HMSPP应变硬化这一明显行为,使得熔体在热成型过程中具有均匀变形的自我调节能力,从而克服普通聚丙烯在热成型加工中的严重熔垂问题;含有较长接枝链段的HMSPP树脂在刚性、熔体强度、结晶性能等方面均优于普通聚丙烯。     

新型碳纤维用原丝——高强高模Lyocell纤维纺丝工艺研究

采用天然高相对分子质量纤维素脱脂棉为原料 ,制备了高强高模纤维素纤维 ( L yocell纤维 ) ,并用此作为碳纤维原丝 ,成功制得了强度优于粘胶基碳纤维的 L yocell基碳纤维。考察了高相对分子质量纤维素的溶解特点 ,纺丝工艺对 L yocell纤维聚集态及性能的影响 ,比较了 L yocell纤维和粘胶原丝的表面及截面形态。实验表明 :高相对分子质量纤维素溶解的静溶胀时间和温度对其溶解有明显的影响 ;纺丝过程中 ,大的气隙长度对提高纤维的性能有利 ;随着凝固浴中 N -甲基吗啉 N -氧化物( NMMO )的浓度增加 ,纤维的强度和模量增加 ,当其在凝固浴中的质量分数达到 10 %时 ,强度模量最大 ,浓度继续增加 ,纤维的力学性能开始下降 ;拉伸比增加 ,L yocell纤维的强度模量增加 ,当拉伸比大于 3.0时 ,纤维的性能略有下降     

Development of mullite fibers and novel zirconia-toughened mullite fibers for high temperature applications

Polycrystalline mullite fibers and novel zirconia-toughened mullite (ZTM) fibers with average diameters between 9.7 and 10.3 μm containing 3, 7 and 15 wt.-% tetragonal ZrO₂ (ZTM3, ZTM7, ZTM15) in the final ceramic were prepared via dry spinning followed by continuous calcination and sintering in air. A shift in the formation of transient alumina phases and tetragonal ZrO₂ to higher temperatures with increasing amounts of ZrO₂ was observed. Concomitantly, the mullite formation temperature was lowered to 1229 °C for ZTM15 fibers. X-ray diffraction revealed formation of the desired tetragonal crystal structure of ZrO₂ directly from the amorphous precursor. Room temperature Weibull strengths of 1320, 1390 and 1740 MPa and Weibull moduli of 9.5, 7.1 and 9.0 were determined for mullite, ZTM3 and ZTM15 fibers, respectively. Average Young’s moduli ranged from 190 to 220 GPa. SEM images revealed crack-free fiber surfaces and compact microstructures independent of the amount of ZrO₂.     

低成本制造高强度聚酯纤维研究进展

利用低生产成本的熔融纺丝技术制造高强度PET纤维,通过近年来的许多探索工作,尤其是目前正在日本所开展的以熔体结构控制为核心,结合分子质量控制和拉伸、热处理技术的研究以及数学模型的建立等工作结果表明,这个目标是有希望实现的。     

Effects of heat treatment on tensile properties of high‐strength poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers

The tensile properties of high‐strength poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers after heat treatment in air, water, and engine oil were studied. The results show that heat treatment in air, water, and engine oil have a different influence on the tensile properties of high‐strength PVA fibers. After heat treatment in air, the fibers possess excellent heat stability of the tensile properties. But in water, especially in hot water, the tenacity, Young's modulus, and specific work of rupture of the fibers decrease, while the elongation at break of the fibers increases. Similarly, engine oil has a significant influence on the tensile properties of the fibers. When the temperature of engine oil is above 120°C, the tensile properties of the fibers decrease drastically. We also discuss the influence of heat, water, and engine oil on the tensile properties of high‐strength PVA fibers in relation to the structure of the fibers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 237–242, 2000     

Interfacial behavior of high performance organic fibers

The surface and interfacial properties of different high performance fibers of current interest have been analyzed. The pyridobisimidazole fiber M5 shows a markedly higher polar contribution to its surface free energy than the rest of the organic fibers under study. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) values measured by means of the microdroplet test indicate that M5 fiber has an IFSS that doubles that of the Kevlar fibers, in agreement with the observed results from surface free energy tests. Armos fiber, a para-aramid material that incorporates imidazole functional groups, shows an average IFSS 30-35% higher than the Kevlar fibers. SEM micrographs of failed microdroplet specimens show different failure mechanisms for the Kevlar KM2, Armos and M5 fibers. The KM2 specimens fail due to complete detachment of surface fibrils from the bulk of the fiber, while Armos specimens fail by the combined effect of microfibrillation on the fiber surface coupled with adhesive failure. In contrast, M5 microdroplet specimens exhibit failure surfaces consisting of partial matrix yielding during droplet debonding, indicative of the high level of interfacial bonding to the surface and higher levels of hydrogen bonding within the fiber that suppress microfibrillation. The higher polar character of the M5 surface can lead to the presence of an interphase region with different mechanical properties from the bulk matrix.     

聚酰亚胺初生纤维的形态结构

以聚酰亚胺浓溶液为纺丝浆液 ,以乙醇及其与水的混合物为凝固浴 ,采用干湿法纺丝工艺路线纺制聚酰亚胺纤维。用扫描电子显微镜研究了初生纤维形态结构 ,发现聚酰亚胺初生纤维的内部孔洞较小 ,而且受凝固浴配比的影响也较小。同时发现聚酰亚胺干湿法成形过程中存在轻微的原纤化现象     

高强高模聚乙烯醇纤维的研究进展

从聚合方法和引发方式综述了国内外合成高相对分子质量及高立构规整度聚乙烯醇(PVA)的研究进展;详述了通过聚新戊酸乙烯酯的醇解来制备PVA微纤的方法;简述了高强高模PVA纤维的特性及应用;指出今后高强高模PVA纤维的研究应在聚合方法、开发新的高效引发剂和醇解工艺作进一步探索。