基于色彩调和理论的数控机床色彩评价研究

基于孟-斯宾瑟色彩调和理论对机床产品色彩设计评价环节进行研究,通过相关分析实验,求取美度公式的参数,建立针对机床产品的色彩调和新评价标准.并通过ICAID计算机辅助系统实现了色彩评价的整个过程.     

Flats fit for families: an evaluation of post-occupancy evaluation

POE (post-occupancy evaluation) of flats,¹ especially high rise flats, has frequently found them to be unsuitable for families with children. This paper critically analyses those findings and their role in shifting UK housing away from high flats. It is argued that POE has produced some equivocal results, due to methodological and theoretical difficulties. It is further argued that POE of high flats has been almost ignored by designers and played little part in the policy process by which high flats were abandoned. The paper concludes by outlining an enriched form of using POE together with other evaluation methods.     

Quality perceptions of design journals: The design scholars’ perspective

The primary objectives of this study were to identify a set of journals that report on industrial design research and to propose quality rankings of those journals. Based on an online survey, design journals were assessed in terms of two quality metrics: popularity and indexed average rank position. We find that both general and specialized design journals are highly valued and that geographic origin and academic background can be related with journal rankings. The results of the study offer a guide to both evaluators and those evaluated when judging or selecting research outlets.     

Unexpected discoveries and S-invention of design requirements: important vehicles for a design process

Designers, during a conceptual design process, do not just synthesize solutions that satisfy initially given requirements, but also invent design issues or requirements that capture important aspects of the given problem. How do they do this? What becomes the impetus for the invention of important issues or requirements? So-called ‘unexpected discoveries', the acts of attending to visuo-spatial features in sketches which were not intended when they were drawn, are believed to contribute to it. The purpose of the present research is to verify this hypothesis. Analysing the cognitive processes of a practising architect in a design session, we found that in about a half of his entire design process there were bi-directional relations between unexpected discoveries and the invention of issues or requirements. Not only did unexpected discoveries become the driving force for the invention of issues or requirements, but also the occurrence of invention, in turn, tended to cause new unexpected discoveries. This has provided empirical evidence for two anecdotal views of designing. First, designing is a situated act; designers invent design issues or requirements in a way situated in the environment in which they design. We call inventions of this sort situated-invention (S-invention). Secondly, a design process progresses in such a way that the problem-space and the solution-space co-evolve. Further, this has brought a pedagogical implication as well as an insight about an important aspect of learning by experience in design.     

An Investigation of Students' Conceptual Understanding in Related Sophomore to Graduate‐Level Engineering and Mechanics Courses

Interviews were conducted with students from a sophomore‐level mechanics of materials class, a sophomore/junior‐level structures class, a senior‐level steel design class and a graduate‐level advanced steel design class to investigate students' conceptual understanding of bending and normal stress. The graduate students generally demonstrated higher computational skill and confidence but they were not significantly different from the sophomores in terms of conceptual understanding. Interestingly, the seniors showed markedly lower confidence in their ability to solve the problems posed in the interviews. Common difficulties include a conceptual definition of stress and reasoning involving the normal stresses developed under bending.     

Feature-based metal stamping part and process design. Part I: stampability evaluation

It is essential to devise a representation scheme for the metal stamping part design which allows the designer to capture and reason the design information, and ultimately, to take various considerations into account and make evaluation decisions. In our research, the feature-based approach is used to represent the metal stamping part, and feature-based metal stamping part and process design has been studied and presented in a two-part paper. This is the first of a two-part paper focusing on stampability evaluation. In Part II a feature-based stamping process planning approach is investigated. This paper presents a feature- and knowledge-based stampability evaluation system. Tasks of this research include identification of the aims, criteria, and procedure of stampability evaluation, as well as the formalization of the stampability evaluation knowledge. Stampability evaluation is classified into stampability verification and stampability measurement. Stampability verification is used to determine whether a part design is stampable or not. Stampability measurement can be employed to select a best design from stampable candidate designs. Based on the stamping design feature definition, a stampability-coding scheme with incorporated knowledge has been developed to enable comprehensive stampability evaluation. Finally, a case study demonstrates the feasibility of such stampability evaluation system.     

Expert representation of design repository space: A comparison to and validation of algorithmic output

Development of design-by-analogy tools is a promising design innovation research avenue. Previously, a method for computationally structuring patent databases as a basis for an automated design-by-analogy tool was introduced. To demonstrate its strengths and weaknesses, a computationally-generated structure is compared to four expert designers' mental models of the domain. Results indicate that, compared to experts, the computationally-generated structure is sensible in clustering of patents and organization of clusters. The computationally-generated structure represents a space in which experts can find common ground/consensus – making it promising to be intuitive/accessible to broad cohorts of designers. The computational method offers a resource-efficient way of usefully conceptualizing the space that is sensible to expert designers, while maintaining an element of unexpected representation of the space.