兰炭废水处理工艺的试验研究

针对兰炭废水高COD、高氨氮、B/C极低以及具有较强生物毒性的特点,采用具有自主知识产权的除油—微电解—吹氨—高效菌种生化技术—混凝沉淀—催化氧化联合工艺对兰炭废水进行处理。试验结果表明:兰炭废水经预处理工序后,B/C由0.1提高至0.3~0.6;生化工序处理后出水的COD和氨氮分别为300、15 mg/L;最终通过深度处理后出水水质符合《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB 16171—2012)中的现有企业直接排放标准,该组合工艺对COD和氨氮的总去除率分别可达99.5%和99%。     

煤化工高含盐废水去除有机物研究

对"混凝+活性炭吸附"联用工艺处理煤化工高含盐废水进行了试验研究,考察了相关工艺参数对COD去除效果的影响;选用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)为混凝剂,当PFS投加量为0.5 g/L、聚丙烯酰胺助凝剂投加量10 mg/L、废水初始p H为8.69时,COD去除率达到29.0%;选用柱状活性炭为吸附剂,当活性炭投加量60 g/L、废水初始p H为7.40、吸附时间120 min时,COD去除率为70.1%,出水COD小于80 mg/L;结果表明,该工艺可以有效去除煤化工高含盐废水COD。     

壳聚糖复合粉煤灰吸附处理含氮废水的实验研究

通过单因素实验和正交实验,对壳聚糖复合粉煤灰吸附处理含氮废水进行了实验研究,研究了吸附时间,吸附剂投加量,p H对氨氮去除率的影响趋势。结果显示三个因素对氨氮去除率影响大小为:吸附时间氨氮废水p H吸附剂投加量。最佳处理条件确定为吸附时间60min,投加量3 g,p H为9,此时氨氮的去除率为12.02%。     

Fenton氧化—吹脱法预处理兰炭废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化—吹脱法进行了兰炭废水预处理试验研究,分别考察了COD、色度和氨氮的去除效果及其影响因素。结果表明,处理100 mL的兰炭废水时,Fenton氧化的最佳工艺条件为:30%的H2O2投加量为40 mL、n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=20、pH=6;吹脱除氨的最佳工艺条件为:温度为60℃、pH=11;在此条件下,Fenton氧化—吹脱法对COD、色度和氨氮的去除率分别达到了95.72%、95%和88%,废水的可生化性提高了4～5倍。     

氨基乙酸工业废水的治理

采用氨氮吹脱及生化物化组合工艺可有效地去除废水中的污染物,当废水进水CODcr浓度在3 000～5 000m g/L范围内,CODcr去除率可达95%,生化出水经投加化学絮凝荆和两级吸附过滤后,CODcr可进一步去除50%左右,可满足排放标准要求.     

兰炭废水预处理工艺的实验研究

针对兰炭废水高COD、高挥发酚、低B/C的特点,采用溶剂萃取、超高交联树脂吸附以及氨氮吹脱的组合工艺对兰炭废水进行预处理实验研究。结果表明:以正辛醇为萃取剂,pH=2.0,废水与萃取剂的比值(水油比)5︰1,二级逆流萃取;超高交联树脂吸附流速2BV/h,甲醇作为脱附剂;氨氮吹脱时间3 h,在此种条件下,兰炭废水COD以及氨氮去除率分别是92.3%、90%,废水的可生化性提高,因此溶剂萃取、超高交联树脂吸附以及氨氮吹脱的组合工艺可作为兰炭废水的预处理工艺。     

臭氧氧化法强化处理纤维素乙醇废水研究

为提高纤维素乙醇废水厌氧出水的可生化性,采用臭氧氧化法对其进行强化处理,考察了反应时间、臭氧投加量、初始p H及反应温度对纤维素乙醇废水可生化性、COD和氨氮去除效果的影响。结果表明,在初始pH为8~10,臭氧投加量为5 g/h,反应时间为80 min,反应温度为30℃的最优条件下,出水COD为1 450 mg/L左右,COD去除率稳定在35%左右;出水氨氮为220 mg/L左右,氨氮去除率稳定在40%以上,出水BOD_5/COD由0.1提高到0.3左右,废水的可生化性得到较大程度的提高。     

铁碳微电解–Fenton联合处理化学镀镍废水

为去除化学镀镍废水中的镍离子和氨氮,研究了铁碳微电解–Fenton联合处理技术。探讨了废水初始p H、铁屑投加量、铁屑与活性炭质量比、反应时间和H2O2投加量对处理效果的影响。结果表明,当初始p H为3,铁屑投加量为40 g/L,铁炭质量比为2∶1,H2O2/Fe2+为1.2(质量比),反应20 min后镍离子的去除率达99.8%以上,出水镍离子含量<0.1 mg/L,氨氮去除率达46.1%。     

壳聚糖改性膨润土处理氨氮废水的实验研究

研究壳聚糖改性膨润土的制备方法及处理氨氮废水的工艺条件,提高膨润土处理氨氮废水的效果。以钠基膨润土为原料,壳聚糖为改性剂,制备壳聚糖改性膨润土。用改性膨润土处理氨氮废水,考察改性剂添加量、搅拌速度及p H值等因素氨氮去除率的影响。p H值为10时,氨氮去除率为68.55%;搅拌速率为300 r/min时,氨氮去除率为61.42%。结果表明壳聚糖改性膨润土处理氨氮废水的最优条件为:壳聚糖0.1 g,钠基膨润土10 g,壳聚糖改性膨润土适宜投加量4 g,搅拌时间30 min,搅拌速度300 r/min,p H值为10。     

电镀废水中重金属离子的去除研究

对某电镀厂的电镀废水采用破氰、亚硫酸钠还原和聚丙烯酰胺絮凝沉淀的方法去除其中的Cr6+和Cu2+。结果表明,最佳破氰条件为:p H=10,破氰率可达96.4%,废水中的CN-浓度降为0.122 mg/L;Cr6+的最佳还原条件为:p H=2,亚硫酸钠投加量为300 mg/L,还原率可达91.4%;Cr6+的最佳沉淀条件为:p H=2,聚丙烯酰胺的投加量为3g/L,去除率可达87.0%,废水中的Cr6+浓度降为0.195 mg/L;Cu2+的最佳沉淀条件为:p H=9,聚丙烯酰胺的投加量为2 g/L,去除率可达79.6%,废水中的Cu2+浓度降为0.318 mg/L。经过处理后,CN-,Cr6+和Cu2+的出水浓度均达到行业排放标准。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.