用于高温环境的新型聚氨酯材料

拜耳材料科学公司开发的聚氨酯硬泡新材料，可长期曝置于高于150℃的环境下。这类保温材料可长时间置于不良环境如管道输送蒸汽的情况下，不会发脆而损坏和变形，如再冷却至极低温度如液态气体情况下，也不会发生脆裂危险。     

低成本无机材料改性沥青面世

日前从河北省交通厅组织的“低造价无机材料改性沥青应用研究”项目鉴定会上获悉，保定市交通局公路工程处和长安大学共同研制成功矿料改性剂。     

军用聚氨酯硬质泡沫迷彩伪装材料阻燃剂的研究

为提高军用聚氨酯硬质泡沫迷彩伪装材料的阻燃性能．对各种阻燃剂进行了筛选并进行正交复配试验,确定了复配阻燃剂的最佳配方。考察了复配阻燃剂对材料阻燃性能和伪装性能的影响。在不影响材料伪装性能的基础上,制得了氧指数在34以上的高阻燃性聚氨酯硬质泡沫。     

桥面铺装技术及沥青铺装材料的现状与发展

大跨径桥梁的面层铺装技术是目前国内外道路工程领域研究的热点和难点。由于受到多种因素的影响,桥面铺装对沥青粘结材料的性能要求也高于一般的高等级公路。概述了浇注式沥青混凝土、沥青玛蹄脂碎石、环氧沥青混凝土三种常见的桥面铺装技术的发展概况, 以及适合不同铺装技术的硬质沥青、聚合物改性沥青、环氧沥青三种粘结材料的性能和技术要求。     

聚氨酯微孔材料在石油化学工业中的应用

聚氨酯微孔材料在石油化学工业中的应用ＦｕＲｏｎｇｘｉｎｇ（ＪｉａｎｇｓｕＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｅｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＤｅｓｉｇｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ．Ｃｈａｎｇｚｈｏｕ２１３０１６）付荣兴（江苏石油化工学院...     

不同钢桥面铺装黏结层材料性能研究

在高温下,钢桥面上下铺装层间的黏结层受到汽车荷载水平和垂直应力的作用而极易发生破坏而失效。采用直接剪切试验和拉拔试验对两种不同黏结层材料的性能进行了研究,并分析了影响黏结剂黏结效果的因素。     

聚氨酯硬泡材料导热系数的研究

使用基于瞬态平面热源技术的HotDisk热常数分析仪对聚氨酯硬泡的导热系数进行了实验研究。测试结果表明,HotDisk热常数分析仪具有很好的重复性,多次试验的最大相对偏差在1％以内,适合用于聚氨酯泡沫的热物性测试研究。讨论了硬抱配方中水量、HCFC-141B含量和聚醚多元醇种类对硬泡的导热系数的影响。结果表明：导热系数随着水用量增加而增大;当固定配方中水量,随着物理发泡剂141B用量的增加导热系数先降低然后再升高,存在着一个最佳用量,使得泡沫的导热系数最低,绝热性能最好。与GR-450A作为基础聚醚泡沫相比,以GNE-440为基础聚醚的泡沫导热系数要大大降低,当泡沫密度在28．3～24．4kg／m^3范围内,后者的导热系数比前者降低9％～12％。     

单宁酸改性水性聚氨酯的制备及其性能

采用预聚体合成法,分别以二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)、单宁酸(TA)为亲水扩链剂和内交联剂制备改性水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液,利用FTIR,XRD,TG等分析方法对TA和WPU进行表征,考察了TA用量对WPU胶膜热稳定性、耐溶剂性、力学性能及WPU乳液粒径的影响。实验结果表明,TA已引入聚氨酯主链,TA改性后的WPU胶膜热稳定性增强;随TA用量的增加,WPU胶膜力学性能得到改善,当TA用量从0增加至0.90%(w)时,断裂伸长率从3 33.38%降至241.27%、拉伸强度从4.60 MPa增至8.58 MPa、吸水率从55.0%降至24.6%、乳液粒径从37.51 nm增加到42.18 nm。合成的WPU符合可持续高分子材料的要求,可用于环保材料中,对石油资源造成的能源危机有所缓解。     

便携式储油囊中网状聚氨酯泡沫材料阻燃抑爆性机理研究

当今软体油罐在军事领域中的地位日益凸显．在战时能够及时为军用装备进行油料保障．显示出了其快速、方便的特点。作为软体油罐的一种表现形式,便携式储油囊适合对部队的机动作战实施机动保障。作为储油容器,便携式储油囊的储油安全性一直是亟待解决的问题。如何解决安全问题．是便携式储油囊研究的方向。     

Influence of Chemical Composition on the Physical Characteristics of Paving Asphalts

Abstract

The simplest general compositional model considers asphalt to be made up of asphaltenes, heavy oils, and resins. In the present study the extent of similarity between the properties and composition of various types of asphalt obtained from different sources has been carefully explored. It shows how ductility, penetration, and softening point are related to the chemical nature of paving asphalts in the range 41–58 softening points. Asphalt properties are found to be a direct function of its chemical constituents. The relationship between softening point and asphaltene content was found to be linear while asphalts of the same softening point are easily distinguished by the content of the resins. Evaluation of the two asphalt indices—the asphaltene index (I _A ) and the Gaestel index (I _C ), reveals that they both vary linearly with the composition of asphaltenes and resins thus confirming their suitability in the characterization of asphalts. Comparison of the two indices shows that IC is more suitable in estimating the colloidal stability of different groups of asphalts. The observed correlations can be found useful in the areas of asphalt blending and rejuvenating through the appropriate selection of asphalt components.     

Influence of Chemical Composition on the Physical Characteristics of Paving Asphalts

The simplest general compositional model considers asphalt to be made up of asphaltenes, heavy oils, and resins. In the present study the extent of similarity between the properties and composition of various types of asphalt obtained from different sources has been carefully explored. It shows how ductility, penetration, and softening point are related to the chemical nature of paving asphalts in the range 41-58 softening points. Asphalt properties are found to be a direct function of its chemical constituents. The relationship between softening point and asphaltene content was found to be linear while asphalts of the same softening point are easily distinguished by the content of the resins. Evaluation of the two asphalt indices—the asphaltene index (I_A) and the Gaestel index (I_C), reveals that they both vary linearly with the composition of asphaltenes and resins thus confirming their suitability in the characterization of asphalts. Comparison of the two indices shows that IC is more suitable in estimating the colloidal stability of different groups of asphalts. The observed correlations can be found useful in the areas of asphalt blending and rejuvenating through the appropriate selection of asphalt components.     

Study on Producing Heavy Paving Asphalt

The highly viscous crude oil from Shuguang No.1 zone of Liaohe oifield features high density,high viscosity and low wax content.It contains no gasoline fraction and its diesel oil fraction yiled is only 7.19%,which belongs to the low sulfur naphthenic stocks crude oil.Its heavy fraction is not suited for producing lubricating oil.Its heavy oil,whick contains more resins nd asphaltens and less wax,is not an ideal feedstock for catalytic cracking ,but is the ideal raw material for producing high-grade paving asphalt.Now this highy viscous crude oil is used as fuel oil after being emulsified in Liaohe oilfield,but its viscosity is so hight tha it cannot be atomized uniformly and burned completely,resuting not only in waste of oil resource but also in reduction of economical benefit.To make full use of this oil resource and alleviate the shortfall of high grade paving asphalt in China,various brands of asphal meeting Q/SHR003-1998 and ESSO specifications were developed by blending vaceuum residue of the said oil and a blending compo-net which are rich in aromatics and deficient in wax.The impct of blending component on proerties of blended ashalt has been investigated and road perfomances of these blended asphalts were studied.The labroatory test results show that the blended asphalts have good road performance and antiaging property.     

Study on Aging Kinetics of Panjin Paving Asphalt

In this paper, the changes of n-pentane asphaltene content, penetration, softening point, and ductility of two Panjin paving asphalts have been studied during aging. Further, based on the change of n-pentane asphaltene content, a study on aging kinetics of asphalt has been conducted. Some correlative kinetic parameters were calculated, and the aging kinetic equation of asphalt was gained. The value calculated, depending on the equation, was in accordance with the experimental data. In addition, the relationship between the composition of the high grade paving asphalt and its aging resistant performances was revealed. It showed that the aging of high grade paving asphalt was a first order reaction. Moreover, the kinetic model was proved to be reliable by investigating the changes of penetration, softening point, and ductility of asphalt during aging.     

Study on Aging Kinetics of Saudi Arabian Paving Asphalt

The changes of n-pentane asphaltene content, penetration, softening point, and ductility of two Saudi Arabian paving asphalts have been studied during aging. Further, aging kinetics of asphalt, based on the change of n-pentane asphaltene content, has been studied. Some correlative kinetic parameters were calculated and the aging kinetics equation of asphalt was gained. The value calculated depending on the equation was in accordance with the experimental data. And the relationship between the composition of the high grade paving asphalt and its aging resistant performances was revealed. It showed that the aging of high grade paving asphalt was a first-order reaction. AH-70 paving asphalt has the following characteristics: higher reaction active energy, less reaction velocity constant, lower aging velocity, and better aging resistance performance compared with AH-90 paving asphalt. The changes of penetration, softening point, and ductility of asphalt during aging further proved that the kinetic model is reliable.     

Study on Aging Kinetics of Saudi Arabian Paving Asphalt

Abstract

The changes of n-pentane asphaltene content, penetration, softening point, and ductility of two Saudi Arabian paving asphalts have been studied during aging. Further, aging kinetics of asphalt, based on the change of n-pentane asphaltene content, has been studied. Some correlative kinetic parameters were calculated and the aging kinetics equation of asphalt was gained. The value calculated depending on the equation was in accordance with the experimental data. And the relationship between the composition of the high grade paving asphalt and its aging resistant performances was revealed. It showed that the aging of high grade paving asphalt was a first-order reaction. AH-70 paving asphalt has the following characteristics: higher reaction active energy, less reaction velocity constant, lower aging velocity, and better aging resistance performance compared with AH-90 paving asphalt. The changes of penetration, softening point, and ductility of asphalt during aging further proved that the kinetic model is reliable.     

无氟聚氨酯泡沫的研究

本文主要介绍了无氟聚氨酯泡沫料的组成、机理、生产工艺以及达到的技术指标和生产应用情况。经过检测证明,两种组合料不含氟里昂和有机锡,可减少对环境的污染和对人体的危害,制取的无氟聚氨酯泡沫具有强度高、密度小、保温效果好等特点。     

国产重交通道路沥青抗老化性能研究

在研究7种有代表性的国产重交通道路沥青的抗老化性能中，仅用TFOT老化前后某一温度点的某一性质变化的程度是不能全面评价和预测沥青铺路后的长期老化性能的。采用SHRP规范对原样沥青、TFOT残余沥青、TFOT—PAV残余沥青进行高温抗车辙、低温抗开裂和抗疲劳开裂性能的测试，能较真实的表征它们的抗老化性能，且从结果得知国产重交通道路沥青具有良好的抗老化性能。     

糠醛抽出油调合道路石油沥青研究

将糠醛抽出油按不同比例分别掺入到伊重减渣和阿曼丙脱沥青中进行道路石油沥青调合试验,考察糠醛抽出油对沥青性能的影响。试验结果表明：糠醛抽出油能有效改善伊重减渣和阿曼丙脱沥青的某些性能指标,调合出合格的道路石油沥青产品。     

国产AH-90重交通道路沥青的感温性研究

以SHRP试验方法为主要手段，研究了几种有代表性的国产AH-90重交通道路沥青的感温性，通过对沥青在不同老化阶段，不同温区下的感温性指标的研究，表明老化对不同沥青的感温性影响程度差别不大，沥青在低温区的感温性与高中温区的感温性有些不同，国产的AH-90重交通道路沥青具有良好的感温性。