超音速等离子喷涂Mo-W涂层的力学性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45CrNiMoVA钢表面制备了Mo-W合金涂层,利用场发射扫描显微镜(SEM)、电子能谱仪(EDS)、维氏显微硬度计分析测试了涂层组织、硬度,利用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了磨损载荷及频率对Mo-W合金涂层摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:质量比为3:1的Mo、W机械混合粉喷涂后涂层中Mo、W元素质量比接近3:1。涂层组织致密,与基体结合为机械结合,表面平均显微硬度为563.2 HV0.1。Mo-W涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性和减摩性比基体45CrNiMoVA钢有所提高,且载荷越大,涂层的耐磨性和减摩性优势越明显。Mo-W涂层与Si3N4陶瓷的摩擦磨损机制以磨料磨损和氧化磨损为主。当磨损载荷变大和磨损频率变高时,疲劳剥落磨损表现明显。     

等离子喷涂热障涂层相结构的研究

研究了等离子喷涂两层热障涂层在大气和真空环境下，经1100℃不同时间扩散处理后相结构的变化。结果表明，喷涂过程中，ZrO2发生M相→T相转变；经大气环境扩散处理后，ZrO2发生T相→M相转变，NiCrAlY相被氧化形成Al2O2和NiAl2O4相，同时r'-Ni3Al相有强烈的择优取向。     

等离子喷涂结构涂层研究

介绍了等离子喷涂的原理及特点;综述了等离子喷涂结构涂层的研究进展,包括耐磨涂层、热障涂层、耐蚀涂层;介绍了等离子喷涂结构涂层的复合处理技术;展望了等离子喷涂结构涂层的发展前景。     

等离子喷涂热障涂层的高温氧化行为研究

采用等离子喷涂工艺在K38高温合金基体上分别制备了Y2O3稳定的ZrO2(YSZ)和MgO稳定的ZrO2热障涂层(MSZ),利用热重分析、X-射线衍射和带能谱的扫描电镜等手段,研究分析了两种涂层在900℃和1000℃的高温氧化性能.结果表明:YSZ涂层和MSZ涂层在900℃都有较好的抗高温氧化性能:MSZ涂层在1000℃氧化时发生了相变,引起陶瓷外层开裂,影响了涂层的抗氧化性能和使用寿命,而YSZ涂层在1000℃氧化没有相变发生,表现出比MSZ涂层更佳的抗氧化性能.     

高速火焰与等离子喷涂WC／Co涂层的性能比较

分析比较了超音速喷涂与等离子体喷涂的ＷＣ／Ｃｏ涂层的形貌,显微组织结构,孔隙率,硬度及其耐磨性,结果表明超音速火焰喷涂的ＷＣ／Ｃｏ涂层具有与粉末相近的相结构,也说ＷＣ颗粒在超音速火焰喷涂过程中,只有极少部分被分解和氧化,同时涂层具有很高的致密度,硬度和良好的耐磨性,涂层与基体的结合情况也得到很大的改善。     

等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层研究

从纳米喂料的制备、纳米陶瓷涂层的制备及其结构和特性三方面评述了等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层研究的进展,探讨了等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层研究中存在的主要问题,并展望了等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层的发展前景。     

超音速等离子喷涂超细WC-12Co涂层的性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂系统,分别制备了超细WC-12Co涂层和普通WC-12Co涂层.研究了喷涂粒子在射流中的特性,分析了涂层形貌、成分和相组成,并对两涂层的常规性能(结合强度、显微硬度、孔隙率和耐冲蚀性能)进行了表征.结果表明,超细WC-12Co喷涂粒子在束流中速度更快(500 m/s),两涂层中WC相的氧化、失碳和分解程度比普通等离子喷涂时低.相比之下,超细WC-12Co涂层显微硬度(1350 HV0.3)和结合强度(65 MPa)更高,孔隙率(0.6%)更低,耐冲蚀磨损性能相当.     

等离子喷涂YSZ热障涂层的热腐蚀行为研究

为了研究YSZ热障涂层在热腐蚀环境下的服役情况,采用等离子喷涂工艺在K38高温合金基体上分别制备了Y2O3稳定的ZrO3（YSZ）热障涂层和MgO稳定的ZrO2热障涂层（MSZ）,利用热重分析、X-射线衍射和带能谱的扫描电镜等手段,研究分析了这2种涂层在850℃含氯硫酸盐膜下的热腐蚀行为。结果表明：MSZ涂层在850℃热腐蚀时发生了相变,引起陶瓷外层开裂和剥落,影响了涂层的抗高温性能和使用寿命;而YSZ涂层在850℃腐蚀后没有相变发生,表现出了比MSZ涂层更佳的抗热腐蚀性能。     

等离子喷涂耐磨涂层及热障涂层的新进展

综述了等离子喷少技术在耐磨损涂层及热障涂层方面的研究进展,分析了等离子喷涂技术与新设备,新工艺融合后两种涂所展现出的更为优越的性能;最后指出了两种涂层的发展趋势。     

铝镁合金等离子喷涂复相陶瓷涂层微观组织

为解决铝镁合金表面耐磨性差的问题,利用机械球磨法和PVA造粒技术制备复合陶瓷粉末,采用等离子喷涂技术在XGFH-3铝镁合金表面制备了反应复相陶瓷涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了喷涂复合粉末和复相陶瓷涂层的形貌及组成.结果表明,复合粉末随着球磨时间的延长明显趋于扁平化和均匀化,并且生成了Al₃Ti,Ni₄Ti₃等新相.而在喷涂过程中Al₃Ti和Ni₄Ti₃中间相又会消失,涂层中出现了MgAl₂O₄和Ti₅Si₃等新相,基体和涂层之间有元素扩散,这使得涂层有良好的结合强度.     

Development of electrically conductive plasma sprayed coatings on glass ceramic substrates

The production of functional coatings on glass or glass ceramic substrates is of outstanding interest in modern product development due to the specific thermophysical properties of glasses, like low or even negative CTE, low heat conductivity and high dimensional stability. Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is an adequate technology for the deposition of a wide variety of materials on glasses and opens new application fields for thermal spraying technology in engineering and consumer industries.Metals are the frequent solution to produce electrically conductive layers in thermal spraying operations. Concerning applications with glass ceramic as a substrate, an intermediate oxide ceramic coating is applied before depositing the metallic layer, so that the distribution of residual stresses in the composite caused during and after the deposition process due to the mismatch in the materials thermophysical properties is minimized. However, the electrical properties required for the developed coatings presented in this paper can be fulfilled using other spraying materials, like mixed phases of oxide ceramics and metal powders, or pure ceramic materials. In this way, mono-layer electrically conductive systems which ensure the required stability and adhesion of the coating can be developed, reducing as well production time and costs.In the proposed approach, the three systems, metal oxide layer-composites, ceramic-metal mixed layers and ceramic mono-layers as conductive coatings on glass ceramics were thermally sprayed with APS. The coatings were characterized in terms of residual stress distribution and electrical conductivity. The influence of the process parameters on the coating electrical and mechanical properties was analyzed using the design of experiments (DOE) methodology.     

Antibacterial properties of vacuum plasma sprayed titanium coatings after chemical treatment

Implant-related infection is one of the common clinical complications that cause high rates of mortality and morbidity in orthopedic surgery. Endowing implant antibacterial properties is a useful method to reduce such infection. In this paper, vacuum plasma sprayed titanium coatings were treated by NaOH solution firstly, and then antimicrobial silver was introduced into the coatings by immersing in 0.02 mM (denoted as CA1), 0.06 mM (denoted as CA2) and 0.1 mM (denoted as CA3) Ag⁺ containing calcification solution. Antibacterial property of the treated titanium coatings was examined by employing three types of bacteria stains, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the phase composition and surface morphology of the modified titanium coatings. Results showed that all of the three kinds of coatings exhibited more than 90.00% antibacterial ratio except CA1 to Staphylococcus aureus which is 63.30%. The release of silver in physiological environment was monitored and it was found that the excellent antibacterial property of the treated coatings was attributed to the release of silver.     

三种热障涂层的组织性能

采用等离子喷涂技术制备了三种不同材料的热障涂层(TBC),对涂层进行了组织性能的分析比较.结果表明,Al-1075的TBC结合强度最高,为 24.66 MPa,具有良好的抗热震性能;KF-230的TBC结合强度最低,为 16.06 MPa;LG-210的TBC结合强度居中,抗热震性能最差.分析认为,氧化物层(TGO)在热障涂层中的失效起至关重要的作用,TGO是裂纹的产生源,是裂纹扩展的通道,是热障涂层系统中的最薄弱环节.因此抑制TGO是提高涂层结合强度、改善涂层抗热震性能的重要措施.     

喷涂工艺参数对硅灰石涂层结构的影响

采用等离子喷涂方法,在不同喷涂距离、主气流量和喷涂功率下制备硅灰石涂层.使用扫描电镜观察了涂层的微观形貌,研究了喷涂工艺参数对涂层结构的影响.结果表明,在较大主气流量下,随着喷涂距离增加,涂层粒子扁平化程度降低,涂层内孔隙逐渐增多;在较小主气流量下,涂层粒子扁平化程度随喷涂距离增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势.主气流量增加,涂层致密,粒子扁平充分.喷涂功率增加,粒子熔化好,涂层致密;但随喷涂功率进一步增加,涂层中出现较多的圆形孔隙.喷涂工艺参数对涂层结构的影响主要通过影响熔融粒子的温度和速度所致.     

Low conductivity plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating using hollow psz spheres: Correlation between thermophysical properties and microstructure

Life and thermal properties of plasma sprayed TBCs - widely used in gas turbine engines - are closely related to the microstructure of the ceramic top coating. Especially, the thermal behaviour of this coating is induced by the void shapes and networks which are in turn determined by both the spraying conditions and the feedstock material.A specific hollow yttria partially stabilised zirconia powder was produced in a one-step process by spray drying and an experimental statistical design study was conducted to investigate the influence of spraying variables (primary and secondary gas flow rates, arc current, spraying distance, spraying angle and traverse speed) on structure and properties of resulting plasma sprayed coatings. The coatings were characterized with respect to deposition efficiency, roughness, porosity and thermal conductivity. A reduction of 25% of the thermal conductivity was achieved by improving the spray and powder parameters. A quantitative characterization of the porous structure using image analysis of polished cross-sections was implemented. The parameters that have relevant influence on the coating porous structure were identified, and their relative importance was determined. An attempt was made to identify morphological criteria of the porous network (coarse/fine porosity ratio, cracks total length, cracks orientation) correlating with the thermal conductivity values.     

On-line temperature monitoring and process diagnosis of plasma sprayed coatings

On-line temperature monitoring of plasma sprayed coating is presented, which is based on IR pyrometery combined to robot trajectories. Temperature fields of the substrate before spraying and the deposited coating when the damage happens are taken to investigate the temperature fluctuation information. Experimental results demonstrate that coating damage always occurs in the temperature transition area of the substrate from the higher to the lower, as well as the higher temperature area. The temperature difference between the peak and the mean of the relevant regions is beyond 30-50 ℃ or even higher. This case provides the omen of coating damage and the focusing scopes for the process control of coating temperature in plasma spraying.     

The characteristics of a low-power-consumption plasma jet and ceramic coatings

The effects of the composition of plasma gases (Ar-N₂, Ar-H₂), arc current, and voltage on the temperature and velocity of a low-power (5 kW) plasma torch in the arc field free region has been investigated using an enthalpy probe. Coatings of Al₂O₃-13TiO₂ were deposited under different conditions. The results show that in the Ar-N₂ plasma, the enthalpy, temperature, and velocity change little with arc current and voltage when regulating the nitrogen proportion in the plasma gas. The hardness of the resulting coatings is 800 to 900 kg/mm² HV.300. For Ar-H₂ plasma, however, increases in the H₂ content in the mixture of the gases remarkably enhanced the velocity and heat transfer ability of the plasma jet, with the result that the coatings showed high hardness up to 1200 HV.     

Towards engineering isotropic behaviour of mechanical properties in thermally sprayed ceramic coatings

It is widely recognized by the scientific community that thermal spray coatings exhibit anisotropic behaviour of mechanical properties, e.g., the elastic modulus values of the coating in-plane (i.e., parallel to the substrate surface) or through-thickness (i.e., perpendicular to the substrate surface) will tend to be significantly different due to their anisotropic microstructures. This work shows that thermally sprayed ceramic coatings may exhibit isotropic mechanical behaviour similar to that of bulk materials even when exhibiting the typical anisotropic coating microstructure. Elastic modulus values on the in-plane and through-thickness directions were measured via Knoop indention and laser-ultrasonic techniques on a coating produced via flame spray (FS) using a nanostructured titania (TiO₂) powder. No significant differences were found between the coating directions. In addition, four major cracks with similar lengths were observed originating near or at the corners of Vickers indentation impressions on the coating cross-section (i.e., a typical characteristic of bulk ceramics), instead of two major cracks propagating parallel to the substrate surface, which is normally the case for these types of coatings. It was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that coatings tended to exhibit an isotropic behaviour when the average length of microcracks within the coating structure oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface was about twice that of the microcracks aligned parallel to the substrate surface. Modelling, based on scalar crack densities of horizontal and vertical cracks, was also used to estimate when thermal spray coatings tend to exhibit isotropic behaviour.     

Characterization of mechanical properties of suspension plasma sprayed TiO2 coatings using scratch test

The study aimed at characterizing mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings obtained by the use of aqueous suspensions of fine rutile and anatase particles onto metal substrates. Thickness of the coatings was found with the use of optical microscope observations of metallographical cross-sections. The coatings morphology was found with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and their phase composition was determined by X-ray diffraction method. The mechanical properties were characterized using scratch test. The test enabled to characterize the adhesion of coatings by determination of critical force necessary to peel off the coatings from the substrate and, on the other hand, to estimate their cohesion by the measurement of the scratch hardness. The hardness was calculated using the width of the scratch and the value of force applied. The design of experiments (DOE) of spraying with the use of a 2³ full factorial plan was applied to rutile powder. The coatings were sprayed onto aluminium substrate. The DOE enabled to find the effects of three principal parameters, i.e. electric power input to plasma, spray distance and suspension feed rate onto coating adhesion expressed by critical force. A preliminary data for anatase powder sprayed with one set of operational parameters onto stainless steel substrate are also shown.