叶绿素自然降解速率研究

通过荧光法测定叶绿素自然降解速率,从而反映细胞死亡后叶绿素在自然降解过程中荧光强度的变化。结果显示:在外界条件相对稳定前提下,叶绿素的自然降解和时间成非线性正相关,且温度越高,降解速度越大;在分析测定藻群生长状态和变化趋势的时候存在死亡藻细胞未降解叶绿素的干扰,需要进行修正或者结合其他参数分析。     

全光纤荧光海水中叶绿素a浓度在线监测系统的研究

本文介绍了能够实现对海水中叶绿素a浓度在线测量的全光纤荧光测量系统。系统将荧光法、光纤技术相结合 ,采用超高亮度蓝色发光二极管作为激发光源 ,并配合有效的微弱信号检测技术。     

藻类常用检测方法探析

综述了几种藻类定量检测的常用方法，介绍了两种藻类应急检测法和叶绿素a法（包括分光光度法、荧光法和高效液相色谱法），探讨了各方法的优劣之处，为各从事实验室分析人员提供了参考依据。     

干旱胁迫下3种驱蚊植物营养生长期叶绿素含量的变化

为3种驱蚊植物抗旱指标的筛选及抗旱性的研究提供理论依据,该文采用盆栽人工控水法对3种植物营养生长期分别进行不同强度、不同历时的水分胁迫及复水后测其叶绿素及其组分含量。结果显示:短期(5 d)、不同程度水分干旱胁迫下,3种植物的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量均有所升高。较长时间(10 d)不同程度水分干旱胁迫下,碰碰香与天竺葵的叶绿素a有所上升,驱蚊香草随胁迫程度增强先上升后下降。长期(25 d)干旱胁迫下,碰碰香叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量随胁控程度增强均有所上升;天竺葵先上升后下降,驱蚊香草一直下降。复水后3种植物叶绿素含量均有所回升。根据上述结果,叶绿素可作为鉴定3种植物抗旱性指标之一。     

小球藻内叶绿素a荧光特征的研究

由于叶绿素a外环境极性的不同,其荧光行为有很大的改变。通过小球藻体内叶绿素荧光光谱特性的研究,发现其体内叶绿素的激发波长有在丙酮溶剂中的相同,均为430 nm,但发射波长为680 nm,红移了13 nm。利用小球藻的叶绿素荧光强度进行水体中叶绿素a的定量检测,在浓度为1~100μg/L的浓度范围内,相对荧光强度与叶绿素浓度有很好的相关性,线性方程为y=0.5338x+1.8515,线性相关系数R2为0.9974。     

地表水中叶绿素a的测定

在生产力叶绿素a测定方法中,对叶绿素a提取、提取液保存时间、滤膜对样品影响等进行比较实验,并提出了改进建议。     

全光纤荧光海水中叶绿素α浓度在线监测系统的研究

本文介绍了能够实现对海水中叶绿素α浓度在线测量的全光纤荧光测量系统。系统将荧光法、光纤技术相结合，采用超高亮度蓝色发光二极管作为激发光源，并配合有效的微弱信号检测技术。     

浅谈火焰光度气相色谱法在不同气体总硫含量测定中的应用

目前常用紫外荧光法、氧化微库仑法等分析方法对气体中的总硫含量进行检测。研究火焰光度气相色谱法在气体中总硫含量测定中的应用,通过对氮气、氢气、空气和甲烷中的总硫含量进行色谱分析,得出火焰光度气相色谱法可适用于这些气体中总硫含量的检测,但是不同基底气体中总硫含量的检出限不同。     

紫外荧光测硫仪在LPG总硫含量分析中的应用研究

建立了紫外荧光法测定液化石油气中总硫含量的方法,从检测限、线性、重复性、再现性四方面考察了该方法的可行性和准确性。通过实验表明,紫外荧光法测定液化石油气中的总硫含量可满足国家标准方法要求,而且紫外荧光测硫仪较微库仑仪分析效能优势明显。     

紫外荧光法测定甲苯中总硫含量的不确定度的评定

紫外荧光法测定甲苯中总硫含量,依据JJF1059-1999对测量结果的不确定度进行了评定和表述,分析了影响测量不确定度的各个因素,对各个分量进行了计算和合成。     

碳纳米管技术研究进展

作为重要的纳米功能纤维,碳纳米管有着令人振奋的广阔的应用前景,引起了世界范围内研究人员的广泛关注.综述了国内外碳纳米管技术的最新研究进展,比较了电弧放电、激光烧蚀以及化学气相沉积等3种主要的碳纳米管合成技术,并着重讨论了当前流行的化学气相沉积法,探讨了拉曼散射、激光诱导荧光、瑞利散射等分子光谱技术在碳纳米管表征中的应用,介绍了碳纳米管出色的力学、机电、场发射、电化学等特性以及基于碳纳米管的电子器件如场效应管、单电子管等.     

Application of empirical neural networks to chlorophyll-a estimation in coastal waters using remote optosensors

This paper presents chlorophyll-a estimation in coastal waters off the Gulf of Finland using remote optosensors. Concurrent remote optosensor data and in situ measurements of water quality were obtained in the study area. Significant correlations were observed between digital values and chlorophyll-a measurements. The results as a case study show that the estimated accuracy of chlorophyll-a retrieval using neural networks is higher than the accuracy of chlorophyll-a estimation using regression analyzes in the area. The study also shows one example why remote optosensors are critical to monitor water quality in coastal areas such as the Gulf of Finland.     

近年来国内铬光度分析的某些进展

本文综述了近年来国内铬光度分析的进展概况。按分光光度法、动力学光度法、流动注射光度法、荧光光度法、化学发光法等分析方法分类,引用文献66篇。     

Model of phytoplankton absorption based on three size classes

Using the phytoplankton size-class model of Brewin et al. [Ecol. Model.221, 1472 (2010)], the two-population absorption model of Sathyendranath et al. [Int. J. Remote. Sens.22, 249 (2001)] and Devred et al. [J. Geophys. Res.111, C03011 (2006)] is extended to three populations of phytoplankton, namely, picophytoplankton, nanophytoplankton, and microphytoplankton. The new model infers total and size-dependent phytoplankton absorption as a function of the total chlorophyll-a concentration. A main characteristic of the model is that all the parameters that describe it have biological or optical interpretation. The three-population model performs better than the two-population model at retrieving total phytoplankton absorption. Accounting for the contributions of picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton, rather than the combination of both as in the two-population model, improved significantly the retrieval of phytoplankton absorption at low chlorophyll-a concentrations. Class-dependent specific absorption of phytoplankton derived using the model compares well with previously published models. However, the model presented in this paper provides the specific absorption of three size classes and is applicable to a continuum of chlorophyll-a concentrations. Absorption obtained from remotely sensed chlorophyll-a using our model compares well with in situ absorption measurements.     

Effect of bio-optical parameter variability on the remote estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration in turbid productive waters: experimental results

The analytical development and underlying hypothesis of a three-band algorithm for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration ([Chla]) in turbid productive waters are presented. The sensitivity of the algorithm to the spectral location of the bands used is analyzed. A large set of experimental observations ([Chla] varied between 4 and 217 mg m(-3) and turbidity between 2 and 78 nephelometric turbidity units) was used to calibrate and validate the algorithm. It was found that the variability of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence quantum yield and of the chlorophyll-a specific absorption coefficient can reduce considerably the accuracy of remote predictions of [Chla]. Instead of parameterizing these interferences, their effects were minimized by tuning the spectral regions used in the algorithm. This allowed us to predict [Chla] with a relative root-mean-square error of less than 30%.     

浅谈浮游藻类监测在福州山仔水库水质分析及评价中的应用

通过对山仔水库水体中藻类数量、种群结构、叶绿素-a含量及一些水质理化因子的分析,结果表明(1)藻类的生长呈现季节性的变化,叶绿素-a含量与水环境中藻类的数量、氨氮、pH值、高锰酸盐指数显著相关;(2) 该水已富营养化;(3) 富营养化对水处理造成不利影响。     

Second order standard addition method and fluorescence spectroscopy in the quantification of ibuprofen enantiomers in biological fluids

The second order standard addition method and spectrofluorimetry were used for determination of ibuprofen enantiomers in human plasma and urine. The methodology was based on chiral recognition of ibuprofen by formation of an inclusion complex with a chiral auxiliary, β-cyclodextrin, in the presence of 1-butanol. The strategy combines the use of PARAFAC, for extraction of the pure analyte signal, with the standard addition method, for determinations in presence of a matrix effect. A specific PARAFAC model was built for each sample and the scores were related to (S)-ibuprofen concentration using a linear regression in the standard addition method. Feasible results were obtained for determinations in the molar fraction range from 50 to 80% of (S)-ibuprofen, providing absolute errors lowers than 4.0% for plasma and urine.     

Estimation of chlorophyll concentration in lakes and inland seas with a field spectroradiometer above the water surface

The estimation of chlorophyll concentration in the water by use of a field spectroradiometer above the water surface is necessary for the removal of the effect of specular reflection at the water surface. The amount of specular reflection from the water surface was assessed on the basis of the spectral signature data that was measured above and below the water surface. Furthermore, a method to remove the effect of specular reflection from spectral signature data that was measured above water surface was proposed. Finally, chlorophyll-a concentration was estimated accurately from the spectral signature measured by field spectroradiometer above water surface with the proposed surface reflection model.     

Remote sensing of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentration by use of ridge function fields

A methodology is presented for retrieving phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentration from space. The data to be inverted, namely, vectors of top-of-atmosphere reflectance in the solar spectrum, are treated as explanatory variables conditioned by angular geometry. This approach leads to a continuum of inverse problems, i.e., a collection of similar inverse problems continuously indexed by the angular variables. The resolution of the continuum of inverse problems is studied from the least-squares viewpoint and yields a solution expressed as a function field over the set of permitted values for the angular variables, i.e., a map defined on that set and valued in a subspace of a function space. The function fields of interest, for reasons of approximation theory, are those valued in nested sequences of subspaces, such as ridge function approximation spaces, the union of which is dense. Ridge function fields constructed on synthetic yet realistic data for case I waters handle well situations of both weakly and strongly absorbing aerosols, and they are robust to noise, showing improvement in accuracy compared with classic inversion techniques. The methodology is applied to actual imagery from the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS); noise in the data are taken into account. The chlorophyll-a concentration obtained with the function field methodology differs from that obtained by use of the standard SeaWiFS algorithm by 15.7% on average. The results empirically validate the underlying hypothesis that the inversion is solved in a least-squares sense. They also show that large levels of noise can be managed if the noise distribution is known or estimated.     

Apparent and inherent optical properties of turbid estuarine waters: measurements, empirical quantification relationships, and modeling

Spectral measurements of remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) and absorption coefficients carried out in three European estuaries (Gironde and Loire in France, Tamar in the UK) are presented and analyzed. Typical Rrs and absorption spectra are compared with typical values measured in coastal waters. The respective contributions of the water constituents, i.e., suspended sediments, colored dissolved organic matter, and phytoplankton (characterized by chlorophyll-a), are determined. The Rrs spectra are then reproduced with an optical model from the measured absorption coefficients and fitted backscattering coefficients. From Rrs ratios, empirical quantification relationships are established, reproduced, and explained from theoretical calculations. These quantification relationships were established from numerous field measurements and a reflectance model integrating the mean values of the water constituents' inherent optical properties. The model's sensitivity to the biogeochemical constituents and to their nature and composition is assessed.