Reactive Architecture,Augmented Textiles,Domotics and Soft Architecture Fabrication: On Electronic and Reactive Textiles in Domestic Contexts

The present paper interrogates the status and the role of electronic and reactive textiles in domestic contexts. After a preliminary incursion into the modern definition of home and homing, the paper addresses the changes that took place in the domestic space due to the development of digital and communication technologies. Defined as a “sensing home,” as a “communicating domestic space,” smart homes are challenging the traditional understanding of home, defined in terms of intimacy and privacy. In this context, electronic and reactive textiles are asked to overcome the low acceptance of smart homes, through their technical, sensorial, and cultural dimensions. The paper highlights some of the pros and cons in accommodating the latest technological advances in the field of textiles, analyses the way physical computing allows textiles to transform into domotics (robots for domestic environments), presents some of the latest developments on soft architecture fabrication and argues in favor of a much more critical approach to the development of sensors and actuators in textile objects.     

电子智能纺织品的应用及发展趋势

文章介绍了电子智能纺织品的概念及其具体组成元件,并对其在医疗、娱乐、体育、军事等方面的应用做了简单介绍,对其存在的问题进行了描述,最后评述了其未来的发展方向。     

木棉的古代文献记载与纺织应用

阐述了古代文献中相关木棉的记载,分析了海南黎族收集的木棉纺织品,得出其具有一定可纺性的结论,可供木棉纤维纺织品开发参考。     

形状记忆聚合物及其在智能纺织品中的应用

回顾了形状记忆聚合物的研究和开发工作，介绍了形状记忆聚合物的特性，并讨论了形状记忆聚合物在智能纺织品中的应用状况和发展前景。     

健康与纺织品:挑战与机遇

综述了能促进消费者健康和社会安宁的纺织品的最新的技术发展.介绍了种种创新的纺织品.社会的变革和发展趋势愈来愈强调生活环境、休闲娱乐、通信以及交通等的健康与安宁的重要性.最近的技术发展增加了使纺织品获得新性能的可能性,并直接关系到使用者的健康和生活环境.纺织品作为一种柔性材料,具有悬垂性好、弹性好、易变形、强度较高、较好的染色吸附性以及其他后处理特性,可以由多种原料制成,并具有多种功能.     

Evolution in the surface modification of textiles: a review

The development of technical textiles allows the introduction of new, interesting and original multi-functionalities in textiles through development of the architecture of fibres, yarns and fabrics, their morphology and surface functionalization without altering their physico-chemical proprieties. This issue of Textile Progress reports different techniques used to impart new functionalities to the surfaces of textiles during the last decade. Following a short, context-setting historical introduction, the preparatory processes which need to be applied to textile matrices to make them clean and ready for functionalization are examined prior to a comprehensive review of techniques and research related to the development of functional textiles ranging from the more-traditional techniques through to more-recent developments. The challenge now is to bring new performance features to bear whilst maintaining environmental sustainability, chemical toxicological acceptability, high performance and cost effectiveness. In this context, the review reports on developments in the use of polymerization, nanotechnologies, plasma treatment, electrospinning, microencapsulation and sol gel techniques to impart novel properties to a textile surface such as water-repellent, flame-retardant and antibacterial properties.     

Intelligent Packaging: Concepts and Applications

ABSTRACT: Intelligent packaging is an emerging technology that uses the communication function of the package to facilitate decision making to achieve the benefits of enhanced food quality and safety. In this paper, the term intelligent packaging is defined based on a proposed model of packaging functions, which is consistent with the historical development of food packaging. A conceptual framework is also developed to provide more precise meaning to the definition and to elucidate the anatomy of the intelligent packaging system. The latest advances in smart package devices including barcode labels, radio frequency identification tags, time-temperature indicators, gas indicators, and biosensors are reviewed. The applications of the conceptual framework to Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points and microwave ovens are illustrated. A research roadmap for intelligent packaging is also suggested.     

芳砜纶的性能及其应用

芳砜纶是我国自行研究开发的芳香族聚酰胺类耐高温纤维。文章介绍了芳砜纶的一些主要性能，如耐热性、热稳定性、高温尺寸稳定性、阻燃性、电绝缘性等，并从防护制品、高温过滤材料、电绝缘材料、蜂窝结构材料、摩擦密封材料等角度阐释了芳砜纶的应用领域。     

Polynosic纤维的几个突出性能及应用探讨

21世纪的纤维开发和生产强调了与人类社会的和谐发展及可持续性发展，更加注重环保、安全、健康和舒适性。Polynosic纤维以其优异的性能，成为我国本世纪初高档人造纤维的突出代表。文章介绍了Polynosic纤维的几个突出性能与应用领域，并对应用中的注意事项进行了探讨。     

茶末水溶性膳食纤维碱法提取工艺及品质分析

采用碱法提取茶末水溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fibre,SDF),研究提取SDF的工艺以及茶末SDF的品质特性。结果表明,碱法提取SDF的适宜工艺为:NaOH的质量分数为8%,提取温度为90℃,提取时间为75min。影响SDF提取的因素依次是温度,碱浓度与时间。SDF在pH值2.0时NO2-的吸附量达到19.70μmol/g,显著高于pH值7.0的吸附量(15.83μmol/g)。SDF在pH值7.0时对胆固醇的吸附量为82.09 g/g,高于pH值2.0下的吸附量71.28 g/g。     

Sugarcane Straw Reinforced Castor Oil Polyurethane Composites: Fiber Characterization and Analysis of Composite Properties

This work was concerned with the development of polyurethane (PU) composites reinforced with cellulose fibers attained from sugarcane straw. For the obtainment of cellulose, sugarcane straw was pretreated and delignified. For the production of the PU, the polyol (castor oil) to diisocyanate mass ratio was 1.5:1.0. Reinforcement of the matrix was done, changing the concentration of cellulose fibers (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% w/w). The efficiency on the obtainment of cellulose fibers was verified by chemical characterization and the fibers morphological aspects by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of fibers content in the composites was studied by thermal analyses, tensile and moisture absorption tests.     

制革工业综合废水生物处理的研究进展

介绍了SBR工艺、氧化沟工艺、生物膜法以及厌氧预处理等工艺在制革工业综合废水处理中的研究和应用情况,并对制革废水处理技术的发展提出了展望。目前,加紧对成熟工艺及其组合工艺在制革废水处理方面的应用及研究将是制革废水处理科研工作者的重要任务。     

Light Transmission by Lotus Plant Stem and Leaf Tissue: Natural Textiles for Optical Fibers

Application of plant stem for optical transmitting devices is considered. This research indicates a possibility of application of vascular bundles as natural textiles for optical fibers. Observations of lotus stem tissue were carried out. Laser beam transmission of lotus stem was confirmed. New functions of photoconduction through lotus stem and confinement of incident light on the leaf surface are discussed.     

响应面试验优化红松松仁膳食纤维制备工艺及其理化性质分析

以红松松仁粕为原料制备松仁膳食纤维,利用响应面法优化制备工艺条件,并对其相关性质进行分析。通过比较筛选碱性蛋白酶为最适酶,选择pH值、加酶量、酶解温度、酶解时间4 个影响因素,在单因素试验基础上通过响应面试验设计,得到最优酶解工艺条件,并对此条件下得到的膳食纤维性质进行分析。结果表明：制备膳食纤维最优工艺条件为pH 9.2、碱性蛋白酶加酶量10 148 U/g、酶解温度50 ℃、酶解时间3.1 h,膳食纤维含量可达77.67%。相对于松仁粕,其持水力、膨胀力、持油力分别提高了24.17%、25.95%、40.44%,溶解性降低了63.94%。松仁粕经酶解后得到的膳食纤维具有较好的性能,对于实际应用具有重要意义。     

超声技术抑制微生物生物膜污染：机制、影响因素及其在肉及肉制品中的应用

由微生物生物膜污染所造成的疾病爆发会导致重大公共卫生问题发生。为抑制生物膜污染,食品工业目前广泛应用的方法包括热处理、添加化学杀菌剂等传统方法。但是热处理会导致肉及肉制品等食品的营养物质流失,并破坏产品的质构、风味特性,而化学杀菌剂的添加不符合当前安全健康的消费理念。此外,生物膜特有的结构和功能特性赋予其抵抗环境胁迫的能力,因而对大多数化学杀菌剂具有一定的抗性。因此,寻找安全、高效的抑制生物膜手段是目前食品行业亟待解决的问题。超声技术作为一种非热处理方法用于抑制生物膜污染越来越受到关注。与传统的杀菌技术相比,超声技术不仅具有操作简便、节约能源和延长食品货架期等特点,并且在保持食品感官、功能特性及营养价值方面起到了非常重要的作用。本文综述生物膜形成的机制、代谢过程及影响因素,并且对超声技术进行概述,在此基础上介绍了超声技术抑制微生物生物膜污染机制及影响因素,最后讨论了超声技术在肉及肉制品中的应用和对未来的展望。