铝合金Al5454ECAP挤压工艺模拟研究

利用Deform-3D软件对铝合金Al5454的ECAP式艺进行大量三维有限元模拟,得出了挤压过程中模具拐角、模具圆心角、摩擦条件与挤压速度对挤压件变形等效应力、等效应变的影响规律,从而为ECAP模具设计、工艺参数拟定提供有效的理论指导.     

基于连续挤压的锡青铜等通道弯角挤压研究

为研究国产锡青铜合金(QSn6.5-0.1)连续铸造杆料在连续挤压工艺上的可行性,根据等通道弯角挤压(Equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)原理设计了挤压模具。利用温度传感器、数据采集卡及装有Labview软件的PC机等辅助设备,采用YH200型液压机在(200～600)℃温度区间进行挤压实验。通过金相显微镜对不同条件下挤压变形后金属试样的显微组织观察,分析了不同温度下的挤压组织特点,为锡青铜合金在TLJ250连续挤压机上的连续挤压提供实践依据。     

等通道转角变形与固溶处理对铸态7085铝合金微观组织的影响

在室温下对铸态7085铝合金实施了道次等效应变约为0.5的等通道转角变形(Equalchannel angular pressing-ECAP),对其夹杂物的分布、碎化和合金的硬度进行了考察;并对铝合金进行了470℃/2h+480℃/2h+490℃/2h+淬火三级固溶加T6时效处理.结果表明,ECAP加工将几乎呈连续分布的AIFeCu夹杂物折断碎化并分散开,明显提高了合金的致密性、抗蚀性,并引入了大量位错于铝合金中,提高硬度的幅度达到55.9%;固溶加时效处理后铝合金组织更加致密均匀夹杂物也明显的减少.由的试验结果说明了ECAP+强化固溶+低温人工时效是提升常规7085铝合金的强度、制取超高强铝合金的一条十分有效的途径.     

The production technology and properties of an aluminum alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Distribution of equivalent stress and equivalent strain was analyzed in the ECAP process based on material flow laws. Simulation results showed that...     

On the feasibility of a novel severe plastic deformation method for cylindrical tubes; friction assisted tubular channel pressing (FATCP)

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - This paper introduces a novel severe plastic deformation method entitled Friction assisted tubular channel pressing (FATCP) for producing...     

基于数值模拟的筒形件多道次拉深工艺与实验研究

分析了开水煲外壳零件成形的工艺特点,采用有限元分析软件Dynaform对其多道次拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟。首先确定出该零件合理的拉深系数分配,并在此基础上,选取影响最终成形质量的主要因素压边力、摩擦系数、模具圆角半径等为优化变量,通过正交试验,分析了零件关键位置的最大变薄率及表面质量情况,对上述工艺参数进行了优化。通过实践生产验证,经工艺优化后的成形零件质量得到一定程度的提高,取得了满意的结果。     

微细电铸Over-plating成型过程的数值模拟与实验研究

微细电铸的Over-plating过程对电铸成型金属器件的质量有直接影响。通过有限元方法对微细电铸过程的电场进行建模分析,利用迭代边界法对Over-plating动态过程的阴极电流密度分布进行数值模拟;通过对直径300μm、深100μm微孔结构的电铸实验,得到了不同时间下Over-plating过程的电铸层形貌;实验结果与数值模拟有着很好的一致性,表明基于有限元的迭代边界分析方法是合理的,也为后续对微细电铸Over-plating成型过程的定量分析提供了参考。     

Finite element simulation and experimental study on the through-mask electrochemical micromachining (EMM) process

In this work, the influence of electrode surface patterning on shape evolution in through-mask electrochemical micromachining (EMM) process is investigated numerically and experimentally. With finite element method, the anodic dissolution process is predicted and the etching behavioral trends under various parameters involving spacing and opening ratio, mask aspect ratio, and the etched feature aspect ratio have been identified and interpreted in which the etched depth non-uniformity is mostly ascribed to the current aggregate effect due to surface patterning on substrate. The validation experiment is conducted and the procedure of island formation and disappearing gradually along with etching progress in the center of the etched region is observed, which is in good agreement with the numerical calculation prediction. With the combination of experiments and numerical simulation, the optimized electroetching conditions and the formulation of the electrolyte in through-mask EMM are achieved, with which the ordered microstructures with a feature size down to 15 μm and smooth etched surface in large scale are obtained.     

等通道转角变形对电解铝液直接生产6063铝合金组织的影响

在室温下对电解铝液直接合金化生产铸态6063铝合金实施了道次等效应变约为0.5和0.9的等通道转角变形(Equal-channel angular pressing-ECAP),对其夹杂物的分布、碎化和合金的硬度进行了考察.结果表明,ECAP加工将未充分电解的尺寸极为细小(纳米尺度)、分布集中的团絮状A12O3夹杂物分散开,将粗大(长(5～15)μm、宽(1～2)μm)几乎呈连续分布的AIFeSi夹杂物折断碎化(长1-3 μm)并分散开,明显提高了合金的致密性、抗蚀性,并引入了大量位错于铝合金中,提高硬度的幅度达到60%.试验结果说明了ECAP作为一种提高电解铝液直接合金化生产的铸态铝合金组织的工艺方法的可行性.     

A numerical study on the performance prediction of forward osmosis process

The performance of FO is predicted numerically by one-dimensional model. Mass balance equation for the feed and draw side are coupled with the water flux model considering concentration polarization. Results of the present study showed the flow rate of the feed and draw solution should be determined by considering the water flux and the water recovery efficiency. Using the draw solution of as high concentration as possible is helpful to improve the water flux. As increasing the membrane module length, the averaged water flux per membrane length decreases but the water production increases. Therefore, in order to determine the membrane length, it is required to consider the water flux reduction, total water production, membrane size and the number of membrane. The water flux of counter-current flow is about 10% higher than that of co-current flow. Forming feed solution into series and draw solution into rows are effective in increasing water flux.     

Formability evaluation of dimple forming process based on numerical and experimental approach

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler consists of a number of heat transfer tubes that have relatively larger net area than that of flat type tubes. The surface of the tubes is made up with lots of grooves and protrusions for enlarging the net heat transfer area. Most tubes are manufactured through forming processes, such as bending, spinning, roll forming, stamping and so on. Therefore, a series of fracture or defect can occur during the various forming processes. In this study, the manufacturing process of a dimple-type rectangular heat transfer tube used for an EGR cooler system is investigated based on the numerical simulation and the experimental approach. A prototype of the tube is designed and modified to a newly designed tube considering the conservation of the net heat transfer area based on the numerical and analytical approach. Formability evaluation of the tube sheet is carried out by using forming limit curves based on the plastic instability conditions. Strain- and stress-based forming limit curves are utilized to ensure the strain path independence. The newly designed tube having a number of dimples on the both sides are manufactured by the press forming process. Thickness distributions for the principal cross-sections are observed from both the simulation and the experiment and compared each other. From the results, it is confirmed that the forming process is robust to manufacture the dimple type rectangular tubes with the comparison of thickness, and application of the forming limit curves.     

角接触球轴承动特性的数值与试验研究

角接触球轴承的动特性对机床主轴的回转精度、可靠性及寿命等有重要影响。以弹性力学理论、滚动轴承动力学和沟道控制理论为基础,研究角接触球轴承的动特性。推导了计及过盈配合量和预紧力影响的高速角接触球轴承动刚度计算方法,并对轴承动刚度的影响因素进行了理论分析和试验验证。结果表明:随着过盈量的增大,轴向刚度逐渐减小,径向刚度则逐渐增大,外圈过盈量影响更显著;预紧力过小时,刚度会出现明显的波动现象,适当的预紧力对角接触球轴承刚度的稳定至关重要。     

A computational study of die geometry and processing conditions effects on equal channel angular extrusion of a polymer

Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is an efficient process to obtain enhanced microstructures via super-plastic deformation. In view of its optimisation, it is of prime importance to assess the relationships between processing conditions and material flow. More precisely, detailed knowledge of the plastic strain distribution in the extruded material in relation to the ECAE processing variables is required. The key parameters of the ECAE process are primarily die geometry, ram speed, extrusion temperature, use of back-pressure, number of extrusion sequences and processing route (e.g. rotation of the sample between successive passes). A numerical investigation was achieved to check out the influence of these parameters on the homogeneity of plastic strain distribution in the case of a conventional thermoplastic polymer. Material parameters of a phenomenological elastic viscoplastic model were deduced from compressive deformation tests at different temperatures and strain rates on high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Recommendations on tool geometry and processing conditions can then be provided, according to the numerical results.It was found that optimum ECAE die geometry is strongly material dependent. The application of a back-pressure significantly contributes to reduce the corner gap and consequently promotes the homogeneity of the plastic strain field. A slight sensitivity of plastic strain to ram speed and friction conditions was pointed out. The extrusion temperature strongly influences the magnitude of the plastic strain and has a slight effect on its homogeneity. The number of passes has a significant effect on the magnitude of the plastic strain but has a negligible influence beyond a certain temperature. The extruded material reaches a stationary strain state after few passes. The homogeneity of the plastic strain field is strongly affected by the processing route.     

A combined analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and Taguchi experimental design (TED) for plastic injection molding process settings

Injection molding process is without doubt a multi-objective process if processing time, productivity, effectiveness, and the multi-criteria quality of the product are taken into consideration. Process settings affect the degree by which these objectives are realized. This work suggests a new proposal for evaluating optimal process settings through the handling of the plastic injection molding process in the same approach as a traditional multi-objective multi-criteria process. In a sense, there are numerous objective functions including cooling time, volumetric shrinkage, warpage, sink marks, residual stresses, and various process settings including temperature, pressure, etc. Within the suggested proposal, the Taguchi experimental design is used to generate a balanced set of experiments to explore the process; then, the finite element software SIMPOE is used to evaluate the behavior of the injection molding at each experimental setting. Analytical hierarchical process is then employed for multiple comparisons of the objectives and experiments as such to give the overall objective weight for each process setting (experiment). Analysis of variance is then used to evaluate the significant factors and the optimal setting of the process. This technique proved effective to obtain compliance between process design and several common manufacturer preferences, although the considered part was not changed.     

数控电解车削装置及基础工艺试验

介绍数控电解车削加工原理及试验装置.利用直线刃阴极在试验装置上进行圆柱面和凸轮面的加工试验,并对试验结果进行分析.结果表明数控电解车削加工可用于回转件的加工.     

多点拉形工艺及其数值模拟研究

介绍了多点拉形工艺的基本原理;利用非线性有限元软件进行了多点拉形过程的数值模拟,并对多点拉形中出现的压痕缺陷的产生原因及抑制方法进行了研究.结果表明:多点拉形工艺产生的压痕主要表现为凹凸压痕;采用弹性垫技术能够有效抑制压痕的产生;选择适当厚度弹性垫,可以得到表面光滑、成形误差较小的工件.     

直齿轮精锻成形新工艺及试验研究

与精锻成形工艺相比,传统的切削加工方法加工直齿轮具有诸多弊端。而当前提出的闭式镦挤成形工艺载 荷过大,严重制约着精密成形直齿轮工艺的实用化。提出采用预锻分流区一分流终锻新工艺精密成形直齿圆柱齿 轮,设计了能够进行多种组合的精锻成形试验模具,并对空心管坯和实心圆柱坯进行了传统的闭式镦挤和新的分 流成形工艺试验,试验结果表明:与传统的闭式镦挤和现有的圆柱直齿轮成形工艺对比,提出的成形工艺工序简 单,终锻后齿形充填饱满,端面平整,而且成形载荷降低了37％以上,具有生产实用化的前景。