碳包覆空心Fe3O4纳米粒子作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能研究

以二茂铁为铁源,石油渣油为碳源,通过加压热解和空气氧化制备了碳包覆空心Fe3O4纳米粒子。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)以及高倍透射电镜(HRTEM)等测试方法对样品的形貌和结构进行表征。采用恒流充放电和交流阻抗方法测试碳包覆空心Fe3O4纳米粒子作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。在电流密度为0.2mA/cm2时,首次放电比容量高达1294.7mAh/g,30次循环之后其放电比容量为392.1mAh/g;电流密度为1mA/cm2时,首次放电比容量为216.3mAh/g,30次循环之后其放电比容量为113mAh/g。     

共沉淀法制备锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4及其性能研究

用共沉淀的方法制备了改性的锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)等方法对样品的晶体结构、表观形貌、谱学性质等进行了分析研究,并在表观形貌和电性能上与固相法制备的样品进行比较.结果表明,此种方法制备的LiFePO4为单一的橄榄石型晶体结构,具有3.4V左右的放电电压平台,该材料具有良好的电性能,分别以0.2,0.4mA/cm2的电流密度充放电,首次放电比容量达到142.3,127mAh/g,充放电循环20次后放电比容量仍保持在129.7,105.5mAh/g.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4的复合改性研究

为提高LiFePO4的充放电性能,用化学沉淀法制备了金属离子和蔗糖碳复合改性的磷酸铁锂,具有很好的大电流性能,主要原因是金属离子体掺杂和表面包覆导电碳黑提高材料自身的导电能力和电极中颗粒间的导电能力.其中Li0.98Ti0.02FePO4/C在320mA/g(约2C)的比容量＞126mAh/g,充放电循环20次后放电比容量仍保持在96%以上.     

钴镍掺杂锰酸锂的电化学性能研究

采用固相烧结法分别制备了钴掺杂和镍掺杂锰酸锂锂离子电池正极材料,同时制备了纯相锰酸锂进行比较.用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、电子扫描电镜和电池性能测试系统对产物的组成、结构特征、微观表面形貌和恒流充放电性能进行了表征.结果表明:所制备的掺杂锰酸锂LiMn0.9 Ni0.1O2、LiMn0.9 Co0.1O2的结晶度高,无杂质相,材料颗粒的粒径均匀、表面光滑;首次放电比容量分别为114.7mAh/g和110.8mAh/g(0.5mA/cm,2.8~4.4V,vs.Li+/Li);50次循环后,放电比容量为107.2mAh/g和103.3mAh/g,50次循环比容量保持率分别达到94.1%和95.4%.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiVOPO_4的制备及其长循环稳定性

本文采用溶胶凝胶法合成了β-LiVOPO_4锂离子电池正极材料,研究了其结构和电化学性能。结果表明,在500℃较低温度下能够合成晶态纯相β-LiVOPO_4,其结构为正交晶系,属于Pnma空间群。这种材料具有非常稳定的电化学充放电长循环性能。在10 mA/g充放电电流密度下循环300次,其放电比容量没有衰减,维持在150 mAh/g以上。即使在100 mA/g的电流密度下循环1 000次,其比容量保持率仍旧高达100%。本文研究结果显示,LiVOPO_4适合用作高能量长循环寿命锂离子电池正极材料。     

钠离子电池用膨胀石墨的电化学法制备及性能探究

为了探究膨胀石墨的储钠性能,利用电化学法制备了膨胀石墨,采用XRD对其结构进行了表征,并利用恒电流充放电、循环伏安(CV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对其储钠性能进行了分析。结果表明,鳞片石墨经过电化学氧化再经过高温瞬时膨胀之后,层间距略微增大,但依然保持着石墨的层状结构。以二乙二醇二甲醚(DEGDME)为电解液,膨胀石墨对钠离子表现出较好的嵌/脱钠容量、倍率性能和循环性能:当电流密度为700mA/g时,其可逆比容量为110.9mAh/g,是10mA/g时容量的66.8%。在100mA/g电流密度下循环100次时,其第100次循环时的放电比容量为154.8 mAh/g,第一次循环时的放电比容量为134.8 mAh/g,容量保持率为114.8%。通过PITT测试,得出钠离子在膨胀石墨中的化学扩散系数为DNa+=7.7×10-8 cm2/s。     

牺牲棉纤维模板法制备褶皱状SnO2负极材料及其电化学性能

以棉纤维作为模板, 制备褶皱层状SnO₂。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、CV、恒流充放电、EIS等测试手段对材料结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明: 产物具有由粒径16~21 nm的SnO₂纳米颗粒构成的褶皱状形貌。电化学测试表明该材料在电流密度70 mA/g时循环50次后放电比容量仍高达614 mAh/g, 甚至在电流密度为3000 mA/g时放电比容量仍达到405 mAh/g, 表现出优异的循环性能和倍率性能。     

核壳结构TiC/Co_3O_4纳米线的制备及其电化学储锂性能

以棉纤维为碳源和模板,采用生物模板法成功合成制备直径约100~150nm、长度几至十几微米的TiC纳米线,进而通过水热反应在其表面均匀沉积Co_3O_4纳米微粒,所构建的核壳结构TiC/Co_3O_4纳米线具有良好的循环稳定性和高倍率性能。在50mA/g电流密度下循环的第2次、第50次放电容量分别为824.3mAh/g和753.7mAh/g;在倍率性能测试中,当电流密度回到50mA/g时,可逆放电容量为1060.4mAh/g,高于起始的1048.2mAh/g。     

新型锂离子电池材料FeS2/VGCF的合成与电性能研究

以草酸亚铁(FeC2O4·2H2O)、硫粉(S)、气相生长的碳纤维(VGCF)为原料,通过固相法合成了锂离子电池材料FeS2/VGCF。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安(CV)和恒流充放电循环等方法对合成材料的结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明:合成的二硫化亚铁材料呈条块状。在1.0~2.6 V(vs Li/Li+)电压范围内,以0.1C(1C=890 mA/g)倍率进行恒电流充放电,FeS2与FeS2/VGCF的放电容量分别为692、872 mAh/g,在0.5C倍率下,经过50、100、200次循环后纯FeS2的放电比容量分别为268、71、28 mAh/g,而FeS2/VGCF的放电比容量可分别保持在469、417、254 mAh/g,较之无VGCF修饰的FeS2材料表现出良好的倍率性能和循环性能。     

三维结构石墨烯与硫的复合正极材料研究

在蔗糖辅助下以一步水热法制备了具有三维网络结构的石墨烯材料,以其作为与硫复合的载体实现了硫在石墨烯中的均匀分布,将此复合材料(3DGNS/S)应用于锂硫电池中表现出了优异的电化学性能:该材料在285mA/g下,首次放电比容量为1396mAh/g。2142mA/g下,首次放电比容量为713mAh/g,循环100周后,仍具有681mAh/g的放电比容量,平均每周的容量衰减率为0.04%,表现出优秀的循环性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.