基于效益共享的水电工程移民安置机制初探

运用社会学研究方法,对水电工程移民共享经济效益的机理依据进行了系统的论述。以此为基础,对水电工程移民共享效益的4种基本安置机制进行了阐述,并引用国内外案例对各机制进行了详细的分析。     

水电移民安置与补偿机制研究综述

水电项目移民安置与补偿问题不仅关系到水电资源的开发,而且还关系到社会的和谐稳定。对国内外水电工程移民安置与补偿机制研究的动态及现状进行了阐述,指出目前存在4个方面有待解决的问题:①原有对水电移民安置与补偿的研究有待进一步系统化;②局部的理论研究深度与实践结合的力度不够;③西部水电开发移民安置与补偿的理论研究与实践没有同步;④对西部水电移民安置与补偿的特殊性和实践中存在的新问题认识不够,实际应对措施有待完善。     

国外及世界银行对非自愿移民的基本做法

为了适应市场经济体制下做好水电工程移民工作的需要，国家电力公司水电水利规划设计总院组织本系统设计院，水电工程业主单位和地方政府移民管理部门赴美国进行了一次专题考察。通过考察，较全面地了解到世界各国对工程占地移民问题的具体要求，还了解到世界银行移民专家对我国处理工程占地移民问题做法的认同程度。使我们能更好地借鉴国外的经验，积极探索搞好我国水电工程移民的新途径。     

对水电工程建设征地移民安置验收的探讨

水电工程建设征地移民安置验收是水电工程验收的重要环节之一.目前,尚无专业性技术标准或办法用于规范、指导水电工程建设征地移民安置验收工作.为此,水电行业技术管理机构自2008年起开展了《水电工程建设征地移民安置验收规程》技术标准的专题研究、编制工作.现就该技术标准的编制,对移民验收依据性文件、验收阶段划分、验收组织、验收申请、验收内容等有关方面的探讨进行了整理.建议国家主管部门尽快批准发布《水电工程建设征地移民安置验收规程》,以填补这方面的技术标准空白,规范和指导水电工程移民验收工作.     

水电工程移民多样化组合安置模式创新研究——以向家坝水电站为例

目前,在水电移民安置的实践过程中,不同移民安置方式相互交织的情况早已存在,且已经形成了多种安置方式相结合的安置模式。根据水电工程移民多样化组合安置模式的基本内涵及原则,以金沙江向家坝水电站为例进行了案例研究,说明多样化组合安置方案的移民年纯收入水平高于实行单一的安置方案。从而得出,水电移民多样化组合安置模式的创新是社会经济发展形势的需要,也是维护水电移民自身权益、共享水资源开发利用成果的内在要求。     

水电工程移民安置长效补偿机制的探讨

四川省水电资源丰富,受土地资源缺乏的影响,采取农业安置方式安置水电工程农村移民的难度越来越大。阐述了移民安置长效补偿机制的内涵、方法和效果,在试点基础上,在省内全面推行移民安置长效补偿机制有实践经验、群众基础、政策依据,可以妥善处理新时期水电移民工作中面临的问题。     

基于递阶层次结构的水电工程移民工作难点研究

水电移民工作是水电工程建设的关键制约因素,但对于移民工作具体难点和困难程度却一直缺少相对定量的研究.采用层次分析方法,通过递阶层次结构和分级指标刻画出水电移民工作难度多维的特点,初步探讨了移民工作各难度评价指标赋值时应考虑的因素,并以金沙水电站为例对所提方法的适用性进行了验证,得出以下结论:①水电移民工作难点主要体现在...     

水电工程农村移民土地使用权入股安置研究

从理论依据、现实需求和政策、法规三方面,阐述了水电工程农村移民构建土地使用权入股安置方式的可行性.土地使用权入股安置方式的价值体现在:构建利益共享机制,缓解业主资金筹措压力,增加社会资本和社会福利,推进小城镇和移民新村建设等.实施土地使用权入股安置的重点工作包括土地入股作价评估、入股组织与利益分配、水电移民法规和体制创新、水电站报废后移民的生计保障等.     

基于SWOT分析的水电移民利益共享机制研究

在我国水电工程移民补偿安置的实践中,货币形式和非货币形式的利益共享机制均有涉及,在某些方面也取得了良好的实施效果。简要总结了目前我国水电移民利益共享机制的具体实践,进而对不同方式的利益共享机制进行SWOT分析,并制定出相应的实施策略,以促进各利益共享机制的有效运行。     

我国水电开发与移民安置

分析了我国水电工程移民的特点，回顾了50年来，特别是近10年来我国水电工程移民安置的成就和问题，总结了解决移民问题的主要对策、措施和经验，从适应社会主义市场经济，支持水电发展和妥善安置移民相协调的科学发展观，提出了我国水电开发移民工作的展望和建议。     

Some rationales for risk sharing and financing adaptation.

Current climate variability and anticipated climate change challenge our water systems and our financial resources. The sharing of economic losses due to weather related hazards and the sharing of costs that result from protecting lives and property take place in different forms, but are currently insufficient. In this paper we discuss three different rationales for financing disaster losses through public and private arrangements, as well as options for financing adaptation, with a special focus on water management. We propose that financial arrangements for risk sharing and climate change adaptation should be reconsidered, in a more structured approach, to be able to deal with both disaster losses and the costs that arise because of climate change adaptation, e.g. for water management, in both developing and developed countries.     

Regional cooperation and benefit sharing for sustainable water resources management in the Lower Mekong Basin

Benefit sharing is a concept associated with regional cooperation for sustainable water resources management. To this end, the present study analyses how implementation of this concept may contribute to economic growth and the promotion of sustainable livelihoods in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB). It focuses on the balance between economic and human development, national interests, and the procedures used to manage water resources in the basin. It was found that: (a) Benefits obtained from the Mekong River are not equally shared between riparian countries because of inadequate regional cooperation, with economic and social development in the LMB being uneven, with Thailand and Vietnam achieving better human development, poverty reduction and food security outcomes than Laos and Cambodia; (b) Lack of shared national interests, or a common development agenda, has resulted in unsustainable water resource management outcomes; and (c) Procedures for water resources management agreed by the four LMB countries are well‐aligned with the conceptual framework for benefit sharing defined by Sadoff and Grey (2002, Water Policy, 4, 389), although while these procedures have the potential to facilitate a more cooperative agenda for equitable sharing of social, economic and environmental benefits from the water resources of the Mekong River, implementation of the 1995 Mekong Agreement currently remains controversial. The five procedures for water resource management developed by the Mekong River Commission have not resulted in satisfactory outcomes, due in part to the institution lacking regulatory authority.     

水经济价值计算方法评价研究

本文以海河流域8个案例区为例,比较了残值法、扣除非水成本法和效益分摊系数法3种分析计算行业水经济价值的方法。结果认为效益分摊系数法相对合理,适用于计算各行业水经济价值,扣除非水成本法仅适用于计算种植业水经济价值,在计算第二、三产业行业水经济价值时会出现失真。     

Optimizing Adjustments to Transboundary Water Sharing Plans: A Multi-Basin Approach

Afghanistan contributes water supplies to Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. However, with the exception of the Helmand Basin, Afghanistan has negotiated transboundary water sharing agreements with no downstream country. This paper describes a constrained optimization framework to minimize economic costs within each of nine Afghan transboundary basins of adapting to potential water sharing agreements. Model results show impacts of water agreements on farm income and food security for each Afghan basin. Our results show that unrestricted trading reduces the economic costs of adapting to water sharing treaties by two to 6 % compared to the conventional water sharing system. A higher scale of reservoir storage capacity as well as market trading of water among regions moderates costs of water shortages, both with and without water agreements in place.     

朱庄水库泄洪洞进口封堵闸门的设计与安装

摘要：河北省朱庄水库除险加固工程泄洪洞共3孔,为避免放水带来的经济损失,采用在进口坝面处设置1扇封堵闸门,3孔共用的方法完成了洞内施工项目,使用效果良好。该文介绍了封堵闸门的设计与安装情况。     

朱庄水库泄洪洞进口封堵闸门的设计与安装

河北省朱庄水库除险加固工程泄洪洞共3孔,为避免放水带来的经济损失,采用在进口坝面处设置1扇封堵闸门,3孔共用的方法完成了洞内施工项目,使用效果良好.该文介绍了封堵闸门的设计与安装情况.     

Technopolitical Alternative Strategies in Interstate Regional Development of the Jordan Rift Valley Beyond the Peace

ABSTRACT

The Jordan Valley, including the two interstate regions of the Dead Sea and Aqaba, is the focus of international cooperation and economic development for peace and confidence building in the aftermath of the ‘Declaration of Principles” between. Israel and the PLO on September 13, 1993, and the “Treaty of Peace” between Jordan and Israel on October 26, 1994. Technopolitical strategic alternatives with application of membrane separation technology such as RO desalination are proposed. These alternatives include two schemes: (i) the lower Jordan Peace Drainage Canal, and (ii) Aqaba hybrid seawater pumped-storage for cogeneration. Assessment of the technopolitical alternatives aims at sharing the resources and benefits among the riparian states, taking into account incentives for ecopolitical decision making, interstate regional economic development, and the will to cooperate for peace.     

Contaminants in sludge: implications for management policies and land application.

Policies on sludge (or biosolids) management vary widely, particularly when decisions must be made on what to do with the final product. This paper examines the two principal rationales with which such decisions are made, and through which scientific knowledge is included in the process. These rationales are risk analysis (risk assessment and management), and the criterion of sustainability. Both are found to be potentially arbitrary due to the difficulty in defining the individual constituents necessary to relate environmental phenomena to environmental policy. To place the difficulties in a practical context, this paper presents research results from three recent projects concerned with contaminants in sludge (phosphorus, flocculant polymers, and polymer-surfactant aggregates), and uses the findings to exemplify the dilemma encountered in policy making. A path forward is proposed.     

乌鲁瓦提水利枢纽工程农业供水水价测算分析

介绍乌鲁瓦提水利枢纽工程农业供水成本的形成及固定资产的分摊计算方法,合理测算、确定农业供水成本水价,科学分析成本水价将对地区经济和社会发展的影响,诠释成本水价在工程运行管理过程中的重要性。