涡轮增压器超高速轴承-转子动力学建模及模态参数识别

针对传统涡轮增压器超高速轴承-转子系统动力学建模精度不高、模态参数不易识别等问题，基于Timoshenko梁理论建立了涡轮增压器动力学模型及运动微分方程，利用锤击法试验对增压器不同激励位置、有无预紧力等工况下的模态参数进行了识别，并将理论与试验分析结果进行了对比验证。研究结果表明：激励涡轮增压器不同位置时，系统的激发模态不尽相同；预紧力对转子动力学分析结果具有重要影响，增加预紧力可显著提高转子刚度；建立的动力学模型和模态识别方法具有一定的准确性和适用性，可以为后续涡轮增压器结构优化设计、模态参数识别提供理论与试验基础。     

离散模糊自适应滑模控制在磁轴承中的应用

针对主动磁轴承-转子系统在运行中存在的不平衡扰动和非线性干扰问题,结合主动磁轴承-转子系统工程化的需要,提出了一种离散模糊自适应滑模控制的方案,建立了4自由度径向主动磁轴承数学模型,设计了离散非线性跟踪微分器,对磁轴承-转子系统进行仿真。结果表明,该系统的不平衡扰动和非线性干扰得到了抑制,实现了系统的高精度鲁棒控制。     

天然气压差发电机用主动磁轴承-转子系统支承特性参数分析

以490 kW天然气压差发电机为研究对象,对其高速电动机的主动磁轴承-转子系统进行稳定性分析.首先,根据实际工况给出的转子系统各部分物理参数设计了三维模型;其次,依据主动磁轴承的支承原理、结构参数和控制系统的相关理论得到转子系统的径向支承刚度和轴向支承刚度;最后,运用ANSYS-Workbench对转子系统进行模态分析...     

钻柱在钻井液和井壁摩阻共同作用下的涡动

把旋转钻柱简化为一内外有流体的柔性转子系统，分析了在内外钻井液流体作用下的钻柱涡动行为。研究表明，钻柱内钻井液将影响钻柱的受力状况及运动形式，钻柱外钻井液使钻柱承受一个与其旋转运动速度同向的侧向力，加大了钻柱涡动行为；钻柱与井壁接触摩擦，使钻柱在低速时也发生涡动。建立和求解了内外钻井液对钻柱动压力的数学模型，探讨和描述了内外钻井液作用下钻柱涡动过程的动力学机理和运行规律，得到了钻柱涡动失稳的临界条件。     

推力磁轴承的力学特性及其对径向磁轴承的影响

讨论了计入推力盘静态倾斜影响后的推力磁轴承的力学特性,导出了其静、动特性的系数公式,并结合某涡轮膨胀机的推力磁轴承进行了实例计算。结果表明,推力盘的静态倾斜对推力磁轴承的力学特性产生显著影响,并改变径向磁轴承的静负荷分配,使得推力磁轴承与径向磁轴承之间产生强烈的耦合作用。该结果可用于5自由度磁悬浮轴承－转子系统的机电耦合动力学研究。     

基于SolidWorks和COSMOSWorks的磁轴承转子结构模态分析

转子作为旋转机械的核心部件,对其进行精确的动力学分析是获得整个系统动力学特性的关键,而模态分析作为动力学分析的基础,对转子系统的设计、特性的研究以及故障时的分析等尤为重要。运用Solid Works对磁轴承转子部件进行了三维建模并结合Co SMo SWorks在自由与受迫两种不同状态进行了分析与比较,得到了该轴系的固有频率及相对应的振型图。同时考虑了轴承支撑、离心力、电机扭矩对轴系一阶固有频率的影响,意在为进一步分析磁轴承转子系统的动态特性打下坚实基础。     

基于反馈线性化和保性能控制的轴向磁轴承单侧线圈故障容错控制

针对轴向永磁偏置磁轴承一侧线圈无电流时磁轴承承载能力下降且非线性增强的情况,提出一种反馈线性化与保性能控制相结合的组合容错控制策略来提高轴向磁轴承在故障情况下的承载能力并使其能在承重时稳定悬浮转子。首先,建立了故障情况下后轴向磁轴承-转子系统的非线性动力学模型,通过反馈线性化方法使系统大范围线性化。然后,在考虑参数摄动的基础上设计最优保性能控制器使转子稳定悬浮。最后,在轴向一侧线圈无电流的永磁偏置磁悬浮转子上进行了多项实验。实验结果表明,所设计的组合容错控制器实现了承重情况下转子的稳定悬浮,摄动最大的参数变化约35%时位移跳动量峰值为2.6μm,超调量小于3%,调节时间为82ms。结果验证了该方法不仅能实现容错控制,而且具有良好的动静态性能及鲁棒性。     

环境激励下的旋转机械工作模态参数辨识

伴随着高速透平机械向大跨度、柔性结构方向发展,转子-轴承系统的稳定性将面临着严峻考验。在出厂测试阶段,确保机组转子系统具有足够稳定性裕度是降低生产现场机组发生失稳故障风险的重要手段。采用适用于随机平稳环境激励下的随机子空间法,对机组的模态参数进行辨识,可规避在转子非驱动端增设电磁激振器的传统测试方法。通过分析转子振型进动方向,区分一阶正反进动的模态参数。结合3-σ统计聚类算法,剔除非稳定的噪声或物理极点,形成了区分转子系统的正反进动的稳态图。数值仿真表明,随机子空间法可以有效地辨识系统的模态参数,利用旋转机械的振型进动方向分析方法可以区分正反进动。此外,通过传统扫频激励模态参数辨识试验,验证了随机子空间方法的辨识精度和工程测试可行性。研究结果可为透平机组的稳定性测试提供技术和理论支撑。     

三支承磁悬浮轴承的不对中特性

应用多个磁悬浮轴承支承的转子系统,由于机械加工以及安装等方面的误差会导致各个磁悬浮轴承之间有一定的不对中量。提出了将转子偏离磁轴承中心悬浮,以减小各个支承悬浮位置的不对中量;结合单自由度磁轴承控制原理,分析了转子悬浮位置偏离中心对磁轴承悬浮性能的影响;从理论和试验两个方面对比研究了3个不对中磁悬浮轴承支承的转子悬浮在磁轴承中心和偏离中心后磁轴承的控制电流和抗扰动性能。研究结果表明一定程度的偏离磁轴承中心悬浮能够提高磁悬浮轴承系统的稳定性。     

基于惯性运动自适应前馈的磁轴承基座扰动抑制

为抑制主动磁轴承中基座的运动造成转子的振动增大,设计并实现了一种基于惯性运动的前馈控制方法。首先,针对基座运动状态下的磁轴承系统,建立了基座运动的五自由度磁轴承转子动力学模型,然后,分析了在基座进行小幅度复杂运动时转子受扰动力的动力学,提出了一种基于自适应算法的惯性前馈方法。最后,采用搭建的实验平台对不同扰动下开启前馈控制前后转子的响应进行了实验研究。实验结果表明：自适应前馈控制器使能后,磁轴承转子的位移减少了80%以上。设计的自适应前馈控制方法能够有效抑制磁悬浮系统基座扰动对转子振动的影响,大幅提高了磁轴承转子的运行精度,且设计的系统仅需增加一个小体积的惯性微机电测量单元,满足实际工程应用需求。     

磁轴承转子跌落在保护轴承上的动力学研究

调研了保护轴承-转子系统非线性动力学研究领域内近30年来的代表性成果。首先,梳理了局部碰撞模型的发展历史,分别从转子和保护轴承两方面对系统结构模型的发展进行了综述,并给出了各模型的特点;接着,从跌落响应形态切入,重点分析了保护轴承-转子系统损伤的最主要原因——后向涡动;然后,从转子结构、轴承结构和轴承参数三个方面,分析了跌落响应结果与系统结构及接触参数的关系;最后,通过总结归纳,给出了保护轴承结构和参数设计选用的通用准则,并提出了后续值得深入研究的几点问题。     

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Rigid Rotor Supported By a Spiral-Grooved Opposed-Hemisphere Gas Bearing

The nonlinear dynamic behavior of a rigid rotor supported by a spiral-grooved opposed-hemisphere gas bearing is investigated in this article, focusing particular attention on its whirl motion. The finite element method combined with the finite difference method is employed to solve the time-dependent Reynolds equation that is coupled with the rotor motion considering five degrees of freedom. The rotor responses to the initial disturbance and synchronous and nonsynchronous excitations are investigated. To analyze the complicated dynamic behavior of the rotor–bearing system, the trajectories of the rotor centerline, time responses, phase portraits, power spectra, Poincare maps, and bifurcation diagrams are obtained from the numerical procedure. The results show that the conical whirl instability appears earlier than the cylindrical whirl instability with increasing rotational speed for the rotor–bearing system with no unbalance mass. Moreover, it reveals that the complex dynamic behavior of the system excited by unbalance mass varies with rotational speed and rotor mass. In addition, bifurcation diagrams employing the rotating speed and rotor mass as bifurcation parameters are obtained. Finally, the nonsynchronous excitation responses are presented, which behave in a different way than the synchronous excitation responses. The results of this study offer a further understanding of the nonlinear characteristics of spiral-grooved opposed-hemisphere gas bearings.     

主动电磁轴承失效后转子坠落在备用轴承过程中的非线性动力学

用有限元法建立了任意个由滚动轴承组成的固定间隙备用轴承-主动电磁轴承-多盘多质量转子系统在主动电磁轴承失效前后的动力学方程,以一个多盘转子系统为例分析了主动电磁轴承失效后转子坠落在备用轴承过程中的瞬态非线性动力学特性,讨论了柔性备用轴承的支撑刚度、支撑阻尼和间隙对转子在坠落过程中动力特性的影响。结果表明采用具有较大阻尼柔性结构的备用轴承能够显著地改善转子坠落在备用轴承上的瞬态动力特性,抑制转子在坠落过程中可能出现具有较大振动和冲击力的全间隙区的涡动运动,减小转子坠落对备用轴承寿命和可靠性的影响。柔性结构备用轴承的支撑阻尼越大,支撑刚度越小,间隙越大,转子坠落后出现全间隙区涡动运动的可能性越小。     

On an isotropic and centrifugal force invariant layout of a conically shaped gas-lubricated high-speed spiral-groove bearing

The following elaboration discusses the analytically complete layout of a self-acting gas-lubricated high-speed conically shaped spiral-groove bearing as well as suggestions for practical realization. The simple conically shaped bearing is separated into two conical main bearings, which are situated at the ends of the cone-stump. Both have an identical angle size, but otherwise differ with regard to their bearing geometries and bearing gap sizes. The isotropic layout of the two bearings in radial direction, i.e. the determination of the bearing geometries for the same load angle, the same load capacity and the same stiffness at the same nominal operating conditions, is determined analytically in an iterative way and has the goal of providing dynamically benign behavior. The radial expansion of the rotor which occurs at the nominal rotation, and therefore the occurrence of distortions of the bearing gaps due to enormous centrifugal forces that affect the rotor masses, is rendered ineffective by means of a centrifugal force invariant inner outline of the rotor. For this purpose, the outer contour of the rotor is designed in such a manner that the conically shaped inner contour expands congruently to itself and therefore causes a parallel increase in the bearing gap. The autonomous regulation of the bearing following the gap increase subject to the decrease in load capacity as a result of the decrease of the expanded rotor to the nominal bearing gap sizes restores the nominal state independent of the rotor speed. The half-frequency whirl which is dependent on natural frequencies and detrimental to self-acting, gas-lubricated bearings requires an investigation of the dynamic behavior of the bearing system. It will be shown that natural frequencies will be reached while passing through the turning frequency range. However, the suspension of the “rotor–stator” system in defined additional stiffnesses will show that the natural frequencies of the original system can be displaced upwards so that the turning frequency will no longer reach a natural frequency at any operating point. This prevents the occurrence of the half-frequency whirl. The realization of the described bearing system is supported by suggestions for a non-self-acting start-up assistance at low rotation speeds as well as by suggestions for actuation, pre-stressing, sensor and measurement devices as well as system regulation. It lays the foundation for high-speed bearings in spindle construction, laser and dental technology as well as for precision gyroscopes.     

非稳态油膜力作用下非线性刚度转子系统的碰摩故障分析

研究了在非稳态油膜力作用下非线性刚度转子系统发生碰摩时的振动问题。建立了非稳态油膜力作用的非线性刚度转子一轴承系统碰摩模型，应用数值分析的方法对其进行研究。通过Poincare截面图、轴心轨迹图、波形图和频谱图，直观地显示了系统在某些参数域中的运动状态。发现了由于油膜力作用出现油膜涡动和反向涡动现象以及倍周期分岔、概周期和混沌等复杂的动力学行为。数值分析结果为该类转子一轴承系统的设计和运行状态控制提供了理论参考。     

气体静压轴承单跨四圆盘结构稳定性试验分析

在气体静压轴承支承的单跨四圆盘结构转子试验台上,试验研究轴承-转子系统的振动特性。采用轴心轨迹、时域分析、频谱图等振动测试分析方法,呈现了半速涡动、双低频、低频共振等非线性动力学现象;分析了半速涡动、双低频、低频共振随转速的变化关系,定性分析了工频与低频的能量转化关系。结果表明:升速过程中采用较高升速率可避免低频振动的发生,降速过程中过大的降速率会引起半速涡动及双低频振动现象;试验中低频振幅增加导致工频能量减少,转速下降。     

Effects of rotor misalignment in airgap on dynamic response of

Vibration of a BLDC motor is a coupled phenomenon between mechanical characteristics and magnetic origins which takes place through the motor airgap. When relative misalignment of a rotor in the airgap is introduced during assembly, the dynamic characteristics of the motor system are affected. The rotor-motor system used in a washing machine is modeled using FETM and magnetic forces in a BLDC motor with radial rotor eccentricity are determined analytically. The transient whirl responses of a rotor system supported on two roller bearings with relative misalignment in the motor airgap are investigated by considering mechanical and magnetic coupling effects. Results show that rotor misalignment in the airgap considerably affects the vibration of the rotor-motor system.     

磁悬浮飞轮陀螺力学与控制原理

通过对磁悬浮飞轮陀螺力学进行研究,并分析电磁力对转子章动、进动特性的影响,将磁轴承电磁力对飞轮转子的作用分成四种基本支承成分,分别讨论它们对转子章动与进动稳定性的不同影响.控制器可通过调整四种基本成分在总的电磁力中的比重,改变转子章动、进动的阻尼特性,实现转子的高速稳定运行.基于这些分析,总结出磁悬浮飞轮控制器设计的基本原则.该原则为高速下磁悬浮飞轮转子系统控制器的设计指明方向.     

强非线性条件下的磁轴承高速电动机

为解决磁轴承高速电动机转子中,永磁电动机磁偏拉力与转子残余不平衡导致的磁轴承电磁力非线性问题,实现转子高速稳定运行,采用全局线性化方法对电磁力进行线性化;同时,改进控制器的设计,使用增益调度方法实现转子平稳通过刚性临界转速,并通过有效降低控制器在转子工作频率附近的增益,使转子在高速下能近似围绕质量中心转动,避免电磁力的饱和。最终实现了强非线性条件下磁轴承电动机的高速稳定运行。     

Nonlinear Control of Magnetic Bearings

In this paper, recent results controling nonlinear systems with output tracking error constraints are applied to the design of new tracking controllers for magnetic bearings. The proposed controllers can force the rotor to track a bounded and sufficiently smooth refer-ence trajectory asymptotically and guarantee non-contactedness be-tween the rotor and the stator of the magnetic bearings. Simulation results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed con-trollers.