CaCO3对复合粉粒和实心焊丝明弧堆焊高铬合金组织及耐磨性的影响

目的 将活性剂引入复合粉粒,旨在改变电弧对其的作用属性,以提高堆焊金属的合金化元素量,从而改善其耐磨性。方法 以复合粉粒和实心焊丝作为填充材料,采用自保护明弧焊法制备系列高铬合金。借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及附属电子能谱仪等手段,研究复合粉粒添加CaCO₃含量对其堆焊高铬合金的组织及耐磨性的影响。结果 随着CaCO₃添加量增大,焊缝的碗形熔深随之消除,堆焊合金的粉粒填充量由43.7%提高到47.5%,熔合比由0.281降低至0.140。这使堆焊合金组织由亚共晶变为过共晶结构,初生M₇C₃相的体积分数随之明显增加,堆焊合金硬度从55.4HRC提高至62.3HRC,磨损质量损失从54.9mg降低至16.7mg,耐磨性净增加2.3倍,合金磨损方式包括微观切削和显微剥落。高速摄影仪所拍电弧影像和电流电压数据显示,复合粉粒添加CaCO₃粉,使其堆焊电弧形态从圆锥形转变变为扁平钟罩形,电弧覆盖面积扩展约2倍。结论 复合粉粒引入CaCO₃粉,促使电弧扩展,这不仅提高了复...     

Ti对Fe-B-C-Ti系堆焊层组织及耐磨性的影响

采用CO_2气体保护实心焊丝堆焊与喷射送粉的方法在Q235钢表面制备了具有一定耐磨性且无缺陷的韧化Fe-B-C-Ti堆焊涂层,通过金相组织观察,XRD, SEM,硬度测试和磨损试验研究了Ti含量对高碳高硼铁基合金堆焊层的组织及耐磨性的影响。结果表明:Ti元素可抑制过共晶高碳高硼堆焊合金组织中Fe_2B相的形态,能细化初生硼化物和共晶硼化物晶粒,使组织分布均匀,提高堆焊层的韧性。堆焊层以Fe_2B初生相和Fe_2B+(α-Fe)共晶组织为主,同时含有少量的Fe_3(B,C),此组织硬度在HRC63以上,有利于提高堆焊层耐磨性。随着Ti含量的增加,析出相尺寸减小、数量增多、且分布均匀,添加Ti元素可有效提高堆焊层的综合性能。     

TiC对高铬堆焊层显微组织及耐磨性的影响

采用药芯焊丝自保护明弧方法在Q235A基体上制备了高铬耐磨层。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射仪和显微硬度计分析研究了TiC对堆焊合金层显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着药芯焊丝中TiC含量增加,母材稀释作用减弱,堆焊层因成分稀释所产生的富铬α-Fe固溶体、网状或者树枝状碳化物等显著减小直至消失,并降低了堆焊合金层的各向异性。此外,湿砂磨粒磨损试验和表面磨损形貌分析结果表明,加入一定量的TiC可改善明弧堆焊合金的耐磨性,其磨损机理主要为微观剥落。     

碳化硼对粉/丝复合堆焊高硼铁基合金组织结构的影响

为了探讨合金元素B,C对高硼铁基堆焊合金组织结构、裂纹敏感性的影响,采用粉/丝复合堆焊技术配合不同B₄C含量合金粉体制备高硼铁基堆焊合金,通过显微组织结构、微区成分、显微硬度及宏观硬度试验检测,分析不同B,C元素含量及配比的堆焊合金组织与性能. 结果表明,高硼铁基堆焊合金由α-Fe,Fe₂B,Fe₃(C,B)相组成,随着B₄C的添加,初晶岛状α-Fe消失,菱形初晶Fe₂B、粒状Fe₃(C,B)析出,鱼骨状、条状共晶状组织α-Fe+Fe₂B体积分数趋于减小并消失,菊花状α-Fe+Fe₂B+Fe₃(C,B)包晶组织成为堆焊合金的主体. 高硼铁基合金中硼、碳的含量及配比是影响堆焊合金组织结构、裂纹敏感性的原因之一,约30%合金粉体(含35%硼铁粉、5%B₄C)配合约70%H08Mn2Si焊丝获得的堆焊层,可有效抑制堆焊裂纹的出现,并可获得稳定的高硬度值66 HRC.     

合金元素对药芯焊丝堆焊层组织和性能的影响

采用自制的药芯焊丝制备堆焊层,通过硬度测定、光学显微镜观察、磨损试验等测试方法,系统研究了合金元素碳、铬、锰对堆焊层组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明,合金元素可显著改变堆焊层的硬度、显微组织和耐磨性;材料的耐磨性和硬度不是直接对应的关系,还与显微组织有关,单相奥氏体组织不利于材料的耐磨性。     

稀土元素Y对铁基耐磨堆焊层组织和性能的影响

通过改变稀土元素Y在高铬铸铁耐磨合金体系中的添加量，研究Y元素对堆焊层组织和性能的影响，从而使堆焊层组织发生良性转变，达到提高堆焊合金耐磨性的目的。采用药芯焊丝混合气体保护法明弧堆焊的方法在母材Q235钢表面制作堆焊合金，采用XRD、SEM对堆焊层进行微观组织观察及物相表征；通过洛氏硬度计、湿砂橡胶轮式磨损测试机进行宏观硬度测试、磨损性能测试，并观察磨损形貌，对堆焊层耐磨性进行评价。结果发现，堆焊层主要由奥氏体(γ-Fe)、铁素体(α-Fe)、M₇(C,B)₃、M₂B相组成，添加适量的稀土元素Y后，可以使硬质相分布更加均匀，晶粒更加细小。随着Y元素添加量的提高，堆焊层的硬度、磨损量呈现先减小后增加的趋势。Y元素添加量为1.6%时，堆焊层硬度为67.5 HRC，较未添加时提高17.2 HRC；此时磨损量最小为0.864 g，磨损机制为磨粒磨损。     

钻杆接头耐磨带堆焊药芯焊丝的研究

研制一种Fe-B-Nb-Ni系钻杆耐磨带堆焊药芯焊丝,采用CO2气体保护堆焊方法,制备Fe-B-Nb-Ni耐磨堆焊合金,利用OM,SEM,XRD等方法对堆焊合金的显微组织进行了观察分析,对堆焊层的硬度及耐磨性能进行了测试分析.结果表明,Fe-B-Nb-Ni堆焊合金耐磨性能比国外某进口药芯焊丝提高了约37％,其宏观硬度值达到HRC60.5～62.2.Fe-B-Nb-Ni堆焊合金的显微组织为马氏体+铁素体+少量渗碳体+颗粒状NbC+包晶Fe3(B,C)+共晶Fe23(B,C)6、Fe3(B,C)+少量共晶Fe2B相,其中NbC硬质颗粒弥散的分布于基体中,基体中的马氏体组织具有优异的强度和耐磨性,起到了很好的耐磨骨架的作用.Fe-B-Nb-Ni堆焊合金的磨损机理主要是犁沟式微切削和局部的硬质相剥落.     

等离子堆焊铌元素增强镍基合金堆焊层的组织与性能

利用等离子堆焊技术在304L钢板表面制备了添加Nb粉的Ni40合金堆焊层,并对堆焊层的微观组织、显微硬度和耐磨性进行研究。结果表明,堆焊层组织主要由γ-Ni树枝晶、枝晶间的共晶组织、弥散分布的Nb C颗粒、硼化物和碳化物等相组成。由于增强相Nb C颗粒在堆焊层中均匀分布,使Nb/Ni40复合合金堆焊层与纯Ni40合金堆焊层相比,显微硬度提高约40%(平均达到448 HV0.3),耐磨性也提高约37.5%。     

自保护药芯焊丝明弧堆焊Fe-Cr-C-B-W合金的组织及性能

采用自保护药芯焊丝明弧堆焊技术制备五组不同钨含量的Fe-Cr-C-B-W合金. 借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、洛氏硬度计和磨损试验机分析堆焊合金的组织及性能. 结果表明,合金的显微组织由马氏体、残余奥氏体、M₇(C,B)₃,M₃(C,B),Fe₃W₃C和WC组成. 大部分钨元素被迁移到晶界生成了比WC稳定性更好的Fe₃W₃C缺碳复合相,堆焊层中没有典型的初生WC硬质相颗粒生成. 随着钨添加量的增多,共晶硬质相M₇(C,B)₃,M₃(C,B)和Fe₃W₃C随之增多,间距减小,呈连续网状均匀分布. 当钨的添加量为12%时,堆焊层的耐磨性达到最佳.     

亚共晶Fe-Cr-B-C系堆焊合金的组织及耐磨性

采用药芯焊丝气保焊堆焊方法制备了0.8%~1.6%C(质量分数)的亚共晶Fe-Cr-B-C系耐磨合金,采用光学显微镜,扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对堆焊合金微观组织和物相进行了分析。结果表明:堆焊合金显微组织是亚共晶组织,由初生γ-Fe枝晶和共晶组织(硼碳化物+共晶基体)组成;元素C能显著增加共晶组织数量,增加共晶组织上共晶基体的尺寸;堆焊合金的耐磨性能主要受作为耐磨骨架的共晶组织数量和形态共同影响,0.8%C堆焊合金的共晶组织数量较少,相对磨损性能仅为9.1;当C含量增加到1.2%时,共晶组织数量明显增加,堆焊合金的磨损性能显著上升至17.2;继续增加C到1.6%时,共晶组织数量最多,但是由于共晶基体尺寸偏大,堆焊合金的磨损性能大幅降低至11.4。     

Effect of WC/W2C on the microstructure and abrasion resistance of high-boron hardfacing alloys

High boron hardfacing alloys reinforced with primary M₂B phases on Q235 steel plates were prepared by the method of flux-cored wire submerged arc welding. The microstructure and boride morphology were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of WC/W₂C on the microstructure was discussed. It indicated that the volume fraction of primary M₂B phases has increased due to good nucleated cores of incompletely molten W₂C particles provided by casting tungsten carbide or decarburizing reaction of WC powders. Abrasion resistance was evaluated by wet sand rubber wear tests and the wear mechanism was studied using SEM. It shows that primary M₂B grains play a key role in improving abrasion resistance.     

TiB2强化高硬度高耐磨堆焊自保护药芯焊丝堆焊层性能分析

通过在Fe-Cr-C系药芯焊丝中加入不同含量TiB2粉末,制备TiB2强化高硬度高耐磨堆焊自保护药芯焊丝.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段,试验研究了其堆焊合金显微组织,并考察TiB2含量对该堆焊合金性能的影响.结果表明,堆焊合金组织为初生碳化物、马氏体和残余奥氏体,同时堆焊合金中生成了大量TiC-TiB2颗粒,并且弥散分布在初生碳化物和基体上;TiB2强化耐磨堆焊药芯焊丝的堆焊合金比不加TiB2具有更高的硬度和更好的耐磨性.     

Fe-Cr-C-B-Nb堆焊合金的显微组织和耐磨性

采用明弧自保护法制备Fe-Cr-C-B-Nb系耐磨堆焊合金,借助光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段,分析堆焊层中的物相组成,探究熔池中硬质相析出顺序,研究B和Nb元素含量对其显微组织和耐磨性影响. 结果表明,制备的堆焊合金显微组织为马氏体+残余奥氏体+ M23(C,B)6+NbC,NbC先于M23(C,B)6生成. 当堆焊层中B元素含量为0.21%,Nb元素含量为1.44%时,可以使堆焊合金有较高的硬度和耐磨性. 洛氏硬度可达69 HRC±1.5 HRC,磨损量为0.037 6 g. 过量的B元素不利于NbC析出,而使Nb元素固溶强化硼化物和基体. 耐磨性试验结果表明,M23(C,B)6和NbC两种硬质相显著改善了Fe-Cr-C-B-Nb系堆焊合金的耐磨性.     

Microstructure and abrasive wear properties of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloy cladding manufactured by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

A series of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys is deposited by gas tungsten arc welding and subjected to abrasive wear testing. Pure Fe with various amounts of CrC (Cr:C=4:1) powders are mixed as the fillers and used to deposit hardfacing alloys on low carbon steel. Depending on the various CrC additions to the alloy fillers, the claddings mainly contain hypoeutectic, near eutectic, or hypereutectic microstructures of austenite γ-Fe phase and (Cr,Fe)₇C₃ carbides on hardfacing alloys, respectively. When 30% CrC is added to the filler, the finest microstructure is achieved, which corresponds to the γ-Fe+(Cr,Fe)₇C₃ eutectic structure. With the addition of 35% and 40% CrC to the fillers, the results show that the cladding consists of the massive primary (Cr,Fe)₇C₃ as the reinforcing phase and interdendritic γ-Fe+(Cr,Fe)₇C₃ eutectics as the matrix. The (Cr,Fe)₇C₃ carbide-reinforced claddings have high hardness and excellent wear resistance under abrasive wear test conditions. Concerning the abrasive wear feature observable on the worn surface, the formation and fraction of massive primary (Cr,Fe)₇C₃ carbides predominates the wear resistance of hardfacing alloys. Abrasive particles result in continuous plastic grooves when the cladding has primary γ-Fe phase in a hypoeutectic structure.     

硅对自保护明弧堆焊合金Fe-Cr-C-B显微组织及性能的影响

采用药芯焊丝自保护明弧焊方法在Q235A基体上制备了Fe-Cr-C-B-Si耐磨合金.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射仪和硬度测试等手段研究了以Fe-Si形式加入的硅含量对其组织和性能的影响.结果表明,硅含量显著影响其碳化物形貌、分布及尺寸,具体表现为硅含量提高,随之出现了硬度高达9.75～13.54 GPa的白色团状相,尺寸增大并呈聚集分布；背散射电子扫描图、电子能谱分析和显微硬度测试显示该团状相为双相复合碳化物,其内部为M23C6相,外表则是较低Cr,C元素含量的碳化物.此外湿砂磨粒磨损试验结果表明,适量硅显著改善了明弧堆焊合金的耐磨性,所含M23C6相尺寸和显微硬度明显影响其磨损失重.     

硼化物强化铁基堆焊合金显微组织与耐磨性

为了提高在严峻工况条件下工作的机械零件的耐磨性,采用等离子弧堆焊技术,制备硼化物强化铁基堆焊合金。借助OM,SEM和XRD等分析手段对合金组织和硼化物相形貌进行分析,并与未加入硼的Fe-Cr-C的堆焊合金进行对比。结果表明:堆焊合金中加入w(B)4.5%可改变基体的组织组成及硼化物的数量和分布形态,从而改善耐磨性。硼化物由大量菊花状M23(C,B)6和少量块状M7(C,B)3相组成,BC4与Cr2B的数量较少。耐磨粒磨损试验结果表明:堆焊合金的耐磨性随着硼含量的增加而先增大后下降,加入w(B)4.5%的堆焊层中形成的大量高硬度硼化物分布在具有较高强韧性的马氏体和奥氏体基体上,使其具有最佳的耐磨性,其磨损量仅为未加入硼时的1/6。     

Microstructure and properties of Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys reinforced with TiC–TiB2

Abstract

Different amounts of TiB₂ powder were added to flux cores of wear resistant hardfacing flux cored wires for the preparation of new flux cored wires. Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys reinforced with TiB₂ were produced by arc hardfacing. The microstructure, hardness and wear resistance behaviour of the hardfacing alloys were investigated using an optical micrograph, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, macrohardness tester, microhardness tester and abrasive wear tester. The results showed that, among the hardfacing alloys, a new hard phase, i.e. TiC–TiB₂ composite compound particles, was formed and dispersed in the primary carbides and matrix structures. The TiC–TiB₂ reinforced Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys imparted greater hardness and better wear resistance. The presence of TiC–TiB₂ hard phase particles is the main reason for the improvement in hardness and wear resistance of Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys.     

Fe-C-Ti-Cr-B系堆焊合金组织及耐磨性能

采用CO2气体保护堆焊方法,在Q235钢表面制备不同硼含量的Fe-C-Ti-Cr-B系堆焊层金属,利用扫描电镜（SEM）对堆焊层的组织进行了观察分析.在MLS-225型湿式橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验机上进行磨粒磨损试验,通过对磨损试样表面扫描电子显微镜观察分析并结合能谱成分分析探讨了磨损机理.结果表明,Fe-C-Ti-Cr-B耐磨堆焊合金中随着硼含量增加,基体组织逐渐细化,TiC颗粒数目增多且分布弥散均匀,但当硼含量增大至1.16%时,磨损面上大量碳化物剥落,抗磨损性能降低;当硼含量为0.55%时合金表现出优良的耐磨损性能,其耐磨性比未加硼的Fe-C-Ti-Cr系堆焊合金提高了3.7倍.     

Effect of welding parameters on microstructure of Fe-based nanostructured weld overlay deposited through FCAW-S

Lately, modern hardfacing tubular wires for semiautomatic welding with gas protection and without it have been developed. These wires deposit Fe-based nanostructured alloys with high abrasive wear resistance. The information on these new consumables is scarce, especially about the effect that the welding parameters (heat input, shielding gas, arc voltage, current intensity, etc.) have on the deposit, its microstructure and, consequently, its wear behaviour. For this reason, in this article, we study the effect of heat input (voltage, intensity of current and welding velocity) on the properties of a flux-cored arc welding Fe-based nanostructured deposit obtained without gas protection. This study is a continuation of a previous one in which the same consumable was used under shielding gas. Bead on plate samples were welded using heat inputs between 0.5 and 3.5 k/mm. The dimensional study was performed on the beads, chemical composition was determined and the microstructure was analysed using optical and electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Microhardness, crystallite size and dilution percentage were also measured. An important influence of the welding parameters on the bead geometry and the microstructure was observed. The operational behaviour of this wire, welded without shielding gas, was very good.