Finite element modeling of the surface roughness of 5052 Al alloy subjected to a surface severe plastic deformation process

The surface of 5052 Al alloy plates is severely plastically deformed via multiple impacts by high-velocity tungsten carbide/cobalt (WC/Co) balls in a surface nanocrystallization and hardening (SNH) process. The surface roughness of 5052 Al alloy plates as a function of the impacting ball size and processing time has been evaluated via non-contact 3D profilometry. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model has been developed to simulate the formation of peaks and valleys during the SNH process. The peak-to-valley distance predicted from the FEM matches the maximum PV value measured experimentally quite well, indicating that surface roughening of 5052 Al alloy plates during the SNH process using WC/Co balls is mainly dictated by the indentation process of the impacting balls. The implications of this surface roughening mechanism in the final surface roughness, processing time, related microstructure change, and property alteration are discussed.     

外螺纹冷滚压精密成形工艺研究进展

螺纹冷滚压成形技术是一种少无切削加工工艺,具有生产效率高、成形零件机械性能增加、零件表面质量好等优点,在航空、航天、车辆等工业中高性能、高强度螺纹类零件生产中广泛应用。分别从有限元建模仿真、表面硬化、工艺参数等方面评述了目前螺纹冷滚压成形工艺研究的国内外研究现状、存在的问题和发展趋势,指出了该工艺应用发展方向及需要解决的关键技术问题:局部加载多道次耦合下螺纹冷滚压成形高效建模仿真与优化技术;系统的螺纹冷滚压成形工艺理论;螺纹冷滚压成形过程运动特征研究及成形过程精确控制;大直径重载丝杠的精确滚压成形核心技术及新工艺。     

碾压强化有限元建模及分析研究

碾压是强化金属表层的一种重要且很有发展潜力的强化方法,工件表层经碾压变形强化后会表层留有应力,能提高表层硬度和强度,同时还能改善工件表面粗糙度.对装备构件进行碾压模拟,模拟结果显示工件表层经碾压后产生较高应力且内部状态无明显变化,强化效果明显.接着改变下压量进行模拟,发现在一定范围内,随下压量增大,碾压强化效果愈好.     

车轮轧制成形过程的有限元模拟

采用DEFORM-3D建立车轮轧制过程三维有限元分析模型,在建立轧制过程的数学模型和开发轧辊运动的控制算法,并与DEFORM软件集成的基础上,模拟了实际轧制过程中轧辊的运动。从轧制力对比与轮坯几何形状的分析两方面验证了模型和控制算法的可靠性;分析了轧制过程中材料的流动规律,为改进轧制工艺提供了参考。     

Finite element modeling of friction stir welding—thermal and thermomechanical analysis

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new welding process that may have significant advantages compared to the fusion processes as follow: joining of conventionally non-fusion weldable alloys, reduced distortion and improved mechanical properties of weldable alloys joints due to the pure solid-state joining of metals. In this paper, a three-dimensional model based on finite element analysis is used to study the thermal history and thermomechanical process in the butt-welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6. The model incorporates the mechanical reaction of the tool and thermomechanical process of the welded material. The heat source incorporated in the model involves the friction between the material and the probe and the shoulder. In order to provide a quantitative framework for understanding the dynamics of the FSW thermomechanical process, the thermal history and the evolution of longitudinal, lateral, and through-thickness stress in the friction stirred weld are simulated numerically. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique is used to measure the residual stress of the welded plate, and the measured results are used to validate the efficiency of the proposed model. The relationship between the calculated residual stresses of the weld and the process parameters such as tool traverse speed is presented. It is anticipated that the model can be extended to optimize the FSW process in order to minimize the residual stress of the weld.     

超声滚压加工对X80管线钢焊接残余应力的影响

建立超声表面滚压加工（ultrasonic surface rolling process,USRP）的三维有限元模型,开发了模拟焊接的移动双椭球热源子程序,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了X80管线钢焊缝不同方向的焊接残余应力,在此基础上叠加USRP的超声振动与静载荷的综合作用,模拟了表面塑形变形、应力和应变,耦合后分析了USRP前后残余应力的变化规律.结果表明,经过USRP处理,X80管线钢表面焊缝区由三向残余拉应力变为三向残余压应力,随着USRP次数的增加,残余压应力数值不断增大,残余应力σ_x,σ_y,σ_z变化规律基本相同.     

超声表面滚压对管线钢裂纹尖端应力场的影响分析

建立含裂纹缺陷四点弯和超声表面滚压加工的耦合三维有限元模型,使用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了四点弯及超声表面滚压加工过程.分析了超声滚压加工前后四点弯试样三维静态裂纹的张开角度、位移、裂纹尖端应力场和J积分变化规律,讨论了超声表面滚压加工抑制裂纹扩展的机理.结果表明,超声滚压处理后,四点弯试样表层裂纹发生闭合,内部裂纹张开角度和位移明显小于未进行超声滚压处理的试样;USRP处理后裂纹尖端的拉应力降低,且距离超过裂纹尖端0.06 mm的应力由拉应力转变为压应力;USRP处理的位置处J积分数值显著减小,裂纹扩展倾向降低.     

Finite element modeling of erosive wear

Material damage caused by the attack of particles entrained in a fluid system impacting a surface at high speed is called ‘Erosion’. Erosion is a phenomenon that takes place in several engineering applications. It also can be used in several manufacturing process such as abrasive waterjet machining. Erosion is a complex process dependent on particle speed, size, angle of attack as well as the behavior of the eroded material. Extensive experimental results have been reported in the literature on the erosion of different materials. Simulating the erosion process through finite element enables the prediction of erosion behavior of materials under different conditions, which will substitute the need of experimentation, and will enable the identification of constants required for existing analytical models.In this paper, an elasto-plastic finite element (FE) model is presented to simulate the erosion process in 3D configuration. The FE model takes into account numerical and material damping, thermal elastic–plastic material behavior and the effect of multiple particle impacts as well as material removal. The workpiece material modeled was Ti–6Al–4V. The effects of strain hardening, strain rate and temperature were considered in the non-linear material model. Comparison against results reported in literature and erosion models by Finnie, Bitter and Hashish are made. It is shown that the predicted results are in agreement with published results obtained experimentally and from analytical erosion models.     

无缝钢管轧制变形过程有限元模拟

利用Pro/E三维CAD设计软件建模,导入ANSYS/LS_DYNA显式动力学有限元软件对无缝钢管轧制过程进行有限元数值模拟,分析无缝钢管截面的变形特点及轧制力和应力应变的变化规律。研究表明显式动力学有限元作为连轧无缝钢管轧制过程的分析方法是行之有效的,对生产实践有指导意义。     

双金属复合带材轧制过程有限元模拟

采用刚塑性有限元法,以实验结果为依据,以大型有限元软件ANSYS为分析工具,对双金属复合带材轧制过程进行计算机数值模拟,分析了双金属复合带材同步或异步轧制过程中,轧辊和轧件的应力,应变分布和轧件的塑性流动变形情况以及轧制力和力矩,以动画的方式模拟轧制过程,给出了一种预测轧制结构,减少实验时间和费用的有效方法。     

Thermo-mechanical modeling of orthogonal machining process by finite element analysis

A plane strain finite element method is used with a new material constitutive equation for 1020 steel to simulate orthogonal machining with continuous chip formation. Deformation of the workpiece material is treated as elastic–viscoplastic with isotropic strain hardening, and the numerical solution accounts for coupling between plastic deformation and the temperature field, including treatment of temperature-dependent material properties. To avoid numerical errors associated with large deformation of elements, automatic remeshing is used, with at least 15 rezonings required to achieve a satisfactory solution. Effects of the uncertainty in the constitutive model on the distributions of strain, stress and temperature around the shear zone are presented, and the model is validated by comparing average values of the predicted stress, strain, strain rate and temperature at the shear zone with experimental results. Parametric effects associated with cutting speed and initial work temperature are considered in the simulations.     

环件热辗扩成形有限元建模仿真研究进展

环件热辗扩成形问题是多场、多因素耦合作用下集三维连续渐变、非稳态及非对称等特点于一体的高度非线性问题,采用有限元建模仿真方法研究与发展该技术对实现无缝环形构件的高质量、低成本及短周期制造具有重要意义.分别从宏观和微观尺度评述环件热辗扩成形有限元建模仿真的国内外研究现状、存在的问题与发展趋势,进而指明其发展方向如下:大型、复杂环件径、轴双向热辗扩成形全过程自适应建模的仿真方法与关键技术;环件热辗扩成形过程宏观与微观有限元建模仿真无缝集成技术;适用于以环件热辗扩为代表的连续局部塑性成形过程的材料本构模型和组织演变模型以及相应稳健而高效的有限元算法、本构积分算法与组织演变仿真方法;考虑模具的变形、传热及主要失效形式的环件热辗扩成形过程建模仿真技术.     

钢管三辊连轧成型过程的有限元分析

本文采用弹塑性、大变形和接触非线性有限元法,应用MARC软件对Y型三辊两道冷轧钢管的成型过程进行了分析,得到了钢管在成型过程中横截面的变形图和应力应变的分布规律.根据数值计算结果绘制了钢管冷轧成型过程中的轴向应力、环向和径向应力分布曲线,根据应力分布规律分析了对成品钢管直径和壁厚精度的影响因素.研究成果可以作为冷轧钢管成型工艺参数和成型辊设计的参考.     

Finite element modelling of the scattering of ultrasonic waves by isolated flaws

A two-dimensional finite element model with absorbing boundary conditions has been developed to investigate the scattering of ultrasonic waves in infinite isotropic solids. The model is capable of showing a complex mode-conversion, when a short duration sinusoidal pulse interacts with a flaw. The emphasis is on narrow crack-like defects, cylindrical and spherical holes of size equal to the wavelength of the incident wave. The results, which are presented in the form of snapshots and scattering cross-sections, assist in understanding wave–flaw interaction, especially mode-conversion of the incident field and optimizing the ultrasonic NDT.     

螺纹钢切分轧制有限元分析

用三维大变形热力耦合有限元法模拟了螺纹钢二切分轧件的变形情况 (K6～K3) ,分析了切分轧制轧件断面上存在的不均匀变形及其分布 ,同时分析了各道次的宽展 ,指出螺纹钢切分轧制宽展控制的重要性。调整来料的尺寸可在一定程度上控制K6、K5孔轧件的宽展 ,获得形状规整的弧边方轧件 ;K4、K3孔不易充满 ,其孔型的设计应有利于轧件的宽展。     

基于流面条元法的热带钢连轧仿真分析

根据流面条元法 ,对 145 0mm六机架热带钢连轧进行了数值仿真。得到了各道次单位轧制压力、前后张应力和出口横向位移的分布。仿真结果表明 ,轧后带钢侧面呈鼓形 ,与实际情况一致。各道次的后张应力和前张应力有类似的分布规律。各道次总轧制压力的计算值和实测值很接近。仿真实例表明 ,流面条元法是一种模拟板带轧制三维变形的实用的工程数值方法。它具有计算量较少 ,适用范围较宽的特点。仿真结果对热带钢连轧工艺规程的制定具有指导意义。     

不同空心率铅锭轧制过程的有限元模拟

应用有限元法对不同空心率铅锭方坯的轧制过程进行了模拟计算,得出了不同空心率对铅锭的变形及应力的影响,计算结果与试验结果相符。由于铅在室温下的变形状态与高温时钢的变形状态有很多相似之处,本文的研究结果对研究钢的带液芯轧制有一定的指导意义。     

二辊平整机数值建模及平整机理分析

运用ABAQUS有限元软件,采用二维、三维弹塑性有限元法相结合方式,对二辊平整机加工过程进行模拟。完成了对极薄板的不同摩擦系数、不同弯辊力等因子条件下的有限元模拟,得出各因子对带钢平整变形的相关影响;由受力分析得出了接触区内纵向变形区的分布特点及形成原因;得到了剥落等失效形式以及边缘降产生的依据,并进行了与实验结果的对比。为板形分析与控制提供了新的方法和依据。     

环件辗扩过程仿真中的自适应单元重划分

在环件辗扩过程动力显式有限元分析中发现,大变形造成单元的畸变。研究了单元自适应重划分算法。在分析工件单元变形的度量基础上,提出了基于空间域离散误差的单元重划分触发准则。基于传统的栅格法思想,针对环件辗扩的特殊性建立了标准栅格,通过边界拟合和节点平滑完成了重划单元的生成。通过平滑物理量、新单元节点在旧单元中包含测试以及新旧单元间物理量的映射完成了物理量的继承和传递。最后,通过算例验证了单元自适应重划分算法的有效性。     

铝箔轧制中辊端压靠的有限元分析

将铝箔轧机辊系及轧件统一考虑建立了有限元分析模型,分别计算了模型在冷辊(开始轧制)和热辊(稳定轧制)状态下,铝箔轧机辊缝内轧制压力的轴向分布规律;判断了辊端压靠的发生;说明了压靠对铝箔板形的影响。