用还原-絮凝沉淀法处理电镀废水的研究

以绿矾作还原剂、电石渣作中和剂,对还原-絮凝沉淀处理电镀废水的方法进行了研究,探讨了绿矾-电石渣处理含铬废水的工艺条件.试验表明,最佳处理工艺条件为铁铬比20,还原反应的pH值3.0～4.0,还原时间50～60 min,中和反应的pH值8.6～9.2.采用该法按最佳工艺条件对电镀废水进行处理,具有较好的处理效果,处理后的水样中各重金属离子浓度及总铬含量均低于国家排放标准.     

用有机膨润土吸附处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水的研究

采用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)对天然膨润土进行了有机改性处理,并在静态条件下,进行了有机膨润土对含Cr(Ⅵ)工业废水的吸附试验.研究了CTMAB浓度、有机膨润土用量、废水pH值、搅拌时间等因素对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率的影响,确定了用有机膨润土处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的适宜条件.结果表明,有机膨润土能有效地除去废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),其最佳工艺条件为废水pH值3.0～5.0、搅拌时间约30 min、有机膨润土用量10 g/L,按该工艺条件对含Cr(Ⅵ)35 mg/L左右的废水进行处理,铬的去除率达到98.0%以上,处理后的水样中Cr(Ⅵ)含量小于0.50 mg/L,达到国家排放标准.     

用草酸还原法处理含铬污水及绿色抛光膏的研制

通过预处理、草酸还原以及使用自制复合絮凝剂进行絮凝的方法,对铝合金轮毂含铬钝化污水进行了净化处理.结果表明,处理后的废水总铬含量从7.940 g/L降至1.386 mg/L(其中Cr6 0.450mg/L),从而实现了达标排放.对絮凝后的产物进行处理制得抛光膏,对其配方、性能及浸出毒性进行了研究.研究结果表明,抛光膏的抛光效果与市售产品一致,抛光膏中未检测出Cr6 .     

磺化褐煤对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附与还原

在静态条件下,进行了以磺化褐煤(SBC)作吸附剂、还原剂净化含铬废水的实验。研究了含铬废水的pH值、浓度和接触时间等因素对SBC吸附、还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响,确定了SBC净化含铬废水的最佳条件。结合对实际含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附、还原净化处理,讨论了SBC对电镀废水处理的可行性     

组合技术处理丁苯橡胶废水研究

采用絮凝沉降-芬顿试剂氧化-中和沉降-生化组合技术对丁苯橡胶废水进行了达标处理研究,重点考察了经过絮凝沉降处理后的丁苯橡胶废水用芬顿试剂处理的反应条件。结果显示,丁苯橡胶废水用150mg/L聚合氯化铝及2mg/L的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝沉降处理后,废水COD去除率为20.1%;芬顿试剂氧化絮凝沉降后的丁苯橡胶废水的最佳条件为pH 3.5,FeSO4·7H2O 3g/L,H2O2 3g/L,1.5h,30℃,反应后的氧化液用氢氧化钙中和沉降处理,芬顿试剂氧化阶段的COD去除率为74.5%;丁苯橡胶废水经絮凝沉降-芬顿试剂氧化-中和沉降处理后,COD去除率为79.6%,TP去除率在98%以上,该水再经过生化处理后,达到排放要求:COD≤50mg/L,TP≤0.5mg/L,NH4-N≤5mg/L。     

混凝-微滤膜工艺处理含铬废水

采用混凝-微滤膜工艺处理含铬废水，流程简单、工作压力低、停留时间短、处理效果好．当进水含六价铬质量浓度为50mg／L时，出水总铬质量浓度低于0．5mg／L，六价铬质量浓度低于0．1mg／L，浊度低于0．5NTU，pH值在6～8，并且装置有良好的抗冲击负荷能力．运行中发现当温度较高时，反应器中有铁氧体形成．     

还原沉淀法在处理电解锰工业含铬废水的应用

研究了还原沉淀法处理含铬废水的最佳反应条件。实验及工程实践表明，还原阶段及沉淀阶段的pH值是工艺的关键参数。投药量控制合适，出水含铬量值能满足国家相关排放标准的要求。     

膨润土负载纳米零价铁去除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学特性研究

利用液相还原法制备膨润土负载纳米零价铁(B-nZVI)并将其应用于含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的处理,研究了B-nZVI投加量、反应时间和溶液初始pH等3个因素对Cr(Ⅵ)处理效果的影响,探讨了B-nZVI对不同初始浓度的含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的降解动力学规律,通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对反应前后的B-nZVI进行形貌分析。结果表明:膨润土能有效提高纳米零价铁(nZVI)的分散性并阻止其氧化。三因素对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率影响均达到显著水平(p0.05),其中投加量的影响达到极显著水平(p0.01);其显著性大小依次为:投加量溶液初始pH反应时间。在投加量为2.0g/L、反应40min、溶液初始pH=6的最佳工艺条件下,初始浓度为20mg/L的含Cr(Ⅵ)废水中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可达99.15%。B-nZVI去除Cr(Ⅵ)的反应在不同Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度下均能较好地符合准一级动力学模型,且可用L-H动力学模型描述;B-nZVI对Cr(Ⅵ)去除是吸附和还原共同作用的结果,且nZVI对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原作用是其去除的主要作用机制。     

用改性海泡石处理含铬废水

对海泡石处理含铬废水进行了试验研究，结果表明，天然海泡石经改性后对Cr^6 有很强的去除能力。在pH值3～6、Cr^6 0～35mg／L条件下，按1L废水加入2．5g改性海泡石进行静态吸附12h，Cr^6 的去除率达到99．5％。该方法工艺简单、成本低，且不带来二次污染。     

复合絮凝剂PAC-CTS处理废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)

采用自制的复合絮凝剂聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖(PAC-CTS),在不同实验条件(Cr6+初始浓度及药剂投入量、T、t)下,以PAC-CTS(B=2.0,C=1/10,η=800mpa.s)对Cr6+拟废水做去除试验。最后得出处理含Cr6+六价铬废水的最佳条件:复合絮凝剂PAC-CTS在pH=8,初始Cr6+浓度50mg/L,投入量为120mg/L,室温反应90min的条件下,其Cr6+去除率可达到95%以上。     

Chromate reduction by waste iron from electroplating wastewater using plug flow reactor

Waste iron was used to treat high concentration chromate (534 mg/L as Cr) from electroplating wastewater by plug flow reactor (PFR) due to the following reasons: (1) two wastes are treated simultaneously, (2) low pH of the electroplating wastewater ( approximately 2) benefits the reaction between these two wastes, (3) effluent pH is elevated in the PFR, reducing the base requirement to meet the pH discharge standard for wastewater (pH 6-9). Complete chromate reductions were achieved at pH 1.7 for hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 98 min, pH 1.5 for HRT of 40 min and pH 1.3 for HRT of 20 min. Consequently, optimum HRT for complete chromate reduction was obtained for different pHs. Although more acids were used to lower influent pH to reduce HRT, effluent pH was higher due to more hydrogen ion reacting with chromate. Eventually, fewer bases are required to fulfill the discharge pH requirement of wastewater. Effluent pH 3-5 was observed with high turbidity, indicating the precipitations of chromium oxide and hydroxide were enhanced by the dissolved iron coagulation. X-ray diffraction was conducted to examine the remaining species. Other than chromium oxide and hydroxide species, an iron-chromium complex (Cr2FeO4) was also observed.     

改性蛭石吸附电镀废水中铜离子的研究

将天然蛭石进行处理制备出改性蛭石.在静态条件下,对改性蛭石处理含铜废水进行了研究,探讨了改性蛭石用量、废水酸度、接触时间、温度对除铜效果的影响.结果表明,在废水pH值5.0～7.0、Cu2 浓度0～100 mg/L范围内,按Cu2 与改性蛭石质量比为1/30投加改性蛭石进行处理,Cu2 去除率可达98%以上,且处理后废水pH值为7.62,废水近中性.含Cu2 为28.6 mg/L的电镀废水经改性蛭石处理后,废水中Cu2 含量为0.36 mg/L,Cu2 含量显著低于国家排放标准.     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-Fe_2O_3光催化降解含酚废水

采用固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Fe2O3为光催化剂,苯酚的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了pH值、苯酚初始浓度、催化剂投加量、光照距离、光照时间、助催化剂H2O2对光催化降解过程的影响。结果表明,苯酚初始浓度为50mg/L,催化剂投加量5g/L,光照距离11cm,光照时间为150min,降解率达61.29%,添加助催化剂H2O2后,反应60min,苯酚降解率达到85.12%。     

单斜相ZrO_2纳米粒子的制备及在含Cr(VI)废水处理中的应用

以乙二醇为分散剂,利用水热法合成了单斜相长方体ZrO2纳米粒子,并将其用于模拟环境水样中Cr(VI)的吸附,研究吸附酸度、吸附时间、溶液的浓度和ZrO2纳米粒子的用量对Cr(VI)吸附效果的影响。当Cr(VI)初始pH为4.0,初始浓度为10mg/L时,ZrO2纳米粒子的用量为20mg,吸附2h后,吸附率能达到94%;当ZrO2纳米粒子的用量为45mg时,吸附率能达到99%,结果表明,水热法合成的单斜相长方体ZrO2纳米粒子对Cr(VI)具有很好的吸附效果,能显著降低其浓度。     

用沸石处理含磷废水的试验研究

对沸石处理含磷废水进行了试验研究，探讨了沸石用量，废水酸度，接触时间，温度及磷酸盐浓度对除磷效果的影响，结果表明，在废水pH值2－10，磷浓度0－100mg/L范围内，按磷与沸石重量比为1：200投加沸石进行处理，磷去除率可达90％，且处理后废水pH值近中性。     

Feasibility investigation of oily wastewater treatment by combination of zinc and PAM in coagulation/flocculation

Poly-zinc silicate (PZSS) is a new type of coagulant with cationic polymer synthesized by polysilicic acid and zinc sulfate. It has been used in several sorts of wastewaters treatment, but not used in oily wastewater treatment. In this study, we investigated the coagulation/flocculation of oil and suspended solids in heavy oil wastewater (HOW) by PZSS and anion polyacrylamide (A-PAM). The properties of PZSS cooperated with A-PAM were compared with PAC and PFS in dosages, PAMs amount, settling time, pH value and flocs morphology. The results showed that PZSS was more efficient than PAC and PFS. Under the optimum experimental conditions of coagulation/flocculation (dosage: 100mg/L, A-PAM dosage: 1.0mg/L, settling time time: 40min and pH 6.5-9.5), more than 99% of oil was removed and suspended solid value less than 5mg/L by using PZSS cooperated with A-PAM, which could satisfy the demands of the pre-treatment process for HOW to be reused in the steam boiler or recycled into the injecting well.     

NaX分子筛粉体处理含Cu~(2+)废水的试验研究

为了利用NaX分子筛粉体处理含Cu2+废水,将NaX分子筛粉体加入到含Cu2+的模拟废水中进行处理,并研究影响Cu2+去除率的试验因素,获得适宜的处理条件。结果表明,在废水温度为25℃,pH约为7,反应时间为20 min的条件下,废水中Cu2+的质量浓度由46 mg/L减小到1.63 mg/L,符合国家排放标准;使用后的分子筛经NaCl饱和溶液再生以后,效果与NaX分子筛原粉接近。     

Application of a by-product of Lentinus edodes to the bioremediation of chromate contaminated water

The agricultural by-product of Lentinus edodes was used as a novel biosorbent for bioremediation of chromate contaminated waste water in the simulated experimental conditions. The contact time, particle size, biosorbent dosage and optimum pH range were investigated to optimize the sorption condition. The biosorption by the biomass was strongly affected by pH. At pH 1.0-2.5, all hexavalent chromium was diminished, either removed by the biosorbent or reduced to less toxic trivalent chromium even in very high concentration of 1000 mg/L. The adsorbed hexavalent chromium and reduced trivalent chromium were both linearly dependent on the initial chromium concentration. Most uptake of Cr occurred at pH around 4. The maximum uptake of chromium was 21.5 mg/g when simulated with Langmuir model, which showed the potential biosorption capacity of this biomaterial. The change of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) during biosorption process revealed strong reduction ability of this biosorbent. Comparing analysis from Fourier transform infrared spectrums indicated that nitrogen oxide and carboxyl groups were increased after biosorption. The energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer revealed the mechanism of cation exchange during biosorption.     

Removal turbidity and separation of heavy metals using electrocoagulation-electroflotation technique A case study

The electrocoagulation (EC) process was developed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional wastewater treatment technologies. This process is very effective in removing organic pollutants including dyestuff wastewater and allows for the reduction of sludge generation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the operating parameters, such as pH, initial concentration (C(0)), duration of treatment (t), current density (j), interelectrode distance (d) and conductivity (kappa) on a synthetic wastewater in the batch electrocoagulation-electroflotation (EF) process. The optimal operating conditions were determined and applied to a textile wastewater and separation of some heavy metals. Initially a batch-type EC-EF reactor was operated at various current densities (11.55, 18.6, 35.94, 56.64, 74.07 and 91.5mA/cm(2)) and various interelectrode distance (1, 2 and 3cm). For solutions with 300mg/L of silica gel, high turbidity removal (89.54%) was obtained without any coagulants when the current density was 11.55mA/cm(2), initial pH was 7.6, conductivity was 2.1mS/cm, duration of treatment was 10min and interelectrode distance was 1cm. The application of the optimal operating parameters on a textile wastewater showed a high removal efficiency for various items: suspended solid (SS) 86.5%, turbidity 81.56%, biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)) 83%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 68%, and color over 92.5%. During the EC process under these conditions, we have studied the separation of some heavy metal ions such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) with different initial concentrations in the range of 50-600mg/L and initial pH between 7.5 and 7.8. This allowed us to show that the kinetics of electrocoagulation-electroflotation is very quick (<15min), and the removal rate reaches 95%.     

新型环保型化学镀铜工艺

为了开发一种成本低廉、环境友好且镀层性能好的化学镀铜工艺,以草酸电解还原溶液为还原剂在A3钢表面进行化学镀铜。探讨了镀液组成、pH值及温度对镀铜速度、镀液稳定性及镀层附着力的影响。结果表明：最佳工艺为12～15g／L CuSO4,30～40g／LEDTA,10～20mg／L2,2’-联吡啶,10～12g／L乙醛酸＋5—...