无线传感器网络测试技术与测试平台研究

随着无线传感器网络应用研究的不断深入,通过实际传感器节点建立网络平台进行网络测试越来越受到人们的重视。本文对无线传感器网络测试技术和测试平台进行了探讨,并分别对搭建测试平台中的三个关键问题：量化评估节点度网络的状态信息、监视控制节点网络行为、反映大规模网络应用环境,以度解决这三个问题的技术方案进行了介绍和讨论。为无线传感器网络平台的实际设计工作提供了指导和借鉴。     

基于SNMP的IPv6无线传感器网络信息管理平台的设计与实现

无线传感器网络(Wireless sensor networks)是随机分布的传感器节点通过分布式协议自组织方式形成的网络,网络管理是保障无线传感器网络稳定、可靠、高效运行的重要条件。讨论研究了现有无线传感器网络管理技术,并结合无线传感器网络的特点和实际需求,在已有IPv6无线传感器网络底层协议及SNMP(简单网络管理协议)的基础上,设计和实现了一个切实可行的符合无线传感器网络特点的节点信息管理平台,以实现用户对无线传感器网络的远程有效管理。     

OMNeT++平台上无线传感器网络仿真系统的研究*

仿真系统对于无线传感器网络尤其是大规模无线传感器网络的性能评价是必不可少的。通过仿真,人们能够在一个可控的环境里研究无线传感器网络,观察由不可预测的干扰和噪声引起的节点间的相互作用,减少投放后的网络维护工作。OMNeT++是一款开源的、基于组件的、模块化的开放网络仿真平台。在OMNeT++平台提供的网络仿真基础类库和开发环境的基础上,紧密结合无线传感器网络自身特点,从仿真模型、实现机制和应用场景等方面设计了无线传感器网络仿真系统,并在Linux操作系统上编程实现。通过实验验证,该仿真模型可以正确仿真MAC     

基于ZigBee的传感器网络在石化工业中的应用探讨

随着计算机技术、通信技术与网络技术的飞速发展,无线传感器网络受到了国际上的广泛关注.在概述了无线传感器网络的优势及其在石化领域的应用前景基础上,对ZigBee及现有无线通信技术的特性进行了分析.重点介绍了ZigBee技术协议和特点,并利用目前市场上所能提供的器件和开发套件设计出了一种应用于石化工业中的传感器网络方案.最后,通过实验验证了方案的正确性和可行性.     

The impact of a realistic packet traffic model on the performance of surveillance wireless sensor networks

It is quite common to see that classical periodic or Poisson packet traffic models are used for evaluating the performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, these models may not be appropriate for modeling the data traffic resulting from a particular application. Furthermore, they may be overestimating the performance of a WSN. In this paper, we show the significance of using a realistic and application-specific packet traffic model by comparing the performance of a well-known WSN protocol under the Surveillance WSN packet traffic model (SPTM), as well as under periodic and binomial traffic models. A packet traffic framework specific to surveillance applications is proposed which is then used for deriving SPTM analytically. In order to be adaptable and flexible, SPTM incorporates a probabilistic and parametric sensor detection model. Simulation results show that to employ an application-specific packet traffic model has significant impact on the performance evaluation of the WSN and ordinary traffic models may overestimate the capacity of the WSN.     

无线传感网络中安全密钥管理机制

Recent advancements in wireless communication and microchip techniques have accelerated the development of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Key management in WSN is a critical and challenging problem because of the inner characteristics of sensor networks: deployed in hostile environments, limited resource and ad hoc nature. This paper investigates the constraints and special requirements of key management in sensor network environment, and some basic evaluation metrics are introduced. The key pre-distribution scheme is thought as the most suitable solution for key management problem in wireless sensor networks. It can be classified into four classes: pure probabilistic key predistribution, polynomial-based, Blom′s matrix-based, and deterministic key predistribution schemes. In each class of methods, the related research papers are discussed based on the basic evaluation metrics. Finally, the possible research directions in key management are discussed.     

CrimeSPOT: A language and runtime for developing active wireless sensor network applications

Advances in wireless sensing and actuation technology allow embedding significant amounts of application logic inside wireless sensor networks. Such active WSN applications are more autonomous, but are significantly more complex to implement. Event-based middleware lends itself to implementing these applications. It offers developers fine-grained control over how an individual node interacts with the other nodes of the network. However, this control comes at the cost of event handlers which lack composability and violate software engineering principles such as separation of concerns. In this paper, we present CrimeSPOT as a domain-specific language for programming WSN applications on top of event-driven middleware. Its node-centric features enable programming a node’s interactions through declarative rules rather than event handlers. Its network-centric features support reusing code within and among WSN applications. Unique to CrimeSPOT is its support for associating application-specific semantics with events that carry sensor readings. These preclude transposing existing approaches that address the shortcomings of event-based middleware to the domain of wireless sensor networks. We provide a comprehensive overview of the language and the implementation of its accompanying runtime. The latter comprises several extensions to the Rete forward chaining algorithm. We evaluate the expressiveness of the language and the overhead of its runtime using small, but representative active WSN applications.     

无线传感器网络能量优化与建模技术综述

由于无线传感器网络的能量受限,如何优化网络能量消耗和评估网络生存周期是当前无线传感器网络研究的首要挑战。在分析无线传感器网络能量消耗特征的基础上,调研传感器网络节点和网络系统的能量优化策略;并针对能量优化存在的不足,分析近几年兴起的无线传感器网络能耗建模工作;从基于无线通信、状态转换、协议栈等方面归纳总结无线传感器网络能耗模型的建模方法;指出跨层能量优化以及软硬件综合的能耗建模技术是无线传感器网络能量研究的重点。     

面向生态监测的IPv6无线传感器网络研制及应用

环境监测是无线传感器网络应用的重要领域,特别是在流域生态学的研究中,发挥着非常重要的作用。为了帮助生态学家在恶劣的环境中收集科学数据,针对黑河流域生态研究的需要,我们提出了一套 IPv6 无线传感器网络(IPv6WSN) 的系统设计方案。本文重点介绍了方案中的三个关键技术:硬件平台的设计,IPv6 网络协议的集成以及 IPv6 无线传感网络(WSN) 的元数据建模。该系统已经在黑河流域研究计划(HiWater) 进行了实际部署和使用,为参与该研究计划的各相关领域科学家提供了大量的第一手数据,同时也为自主开发的 IPv6 无线传感网络在生态环境监测中的有效使用奠定了坚实的基础。     

无线传感器网络中的资源优化

无线传感器网络是一种新兴的技术,与传统的网络相比最突出的特点就是超大规模,无人值守,应用环境变化频繁.解决能量受限问题,适应变化频繁的拓扑结构是目前无线传感器网络面临的最大挑战.针对这一特点,本文以优化网络资源和延长网络寿命为目标,归纳了无线传感器网络部署、任务分配、信息处理和中间件定位中的优化问题,并分别对这些具体问题进行了探讨,对一些可能的研究方向进行了简要的阐述,为以后的研究奠定了基础.     

Analysis of incremental LMS adaptive algorithm over wireless sensor networks with delayed-links

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are used for many delay-sensitive applications, e.g. military surveillance, emergency response, city management, etc. Therefore, modeling of delay is very important. This paper presents a study of the impact of sensors' sensing delay, process delay and transmission delay in the estimation of the desired unknown parameter in the WSN. Recently proposed wireless sensor networks, in the literature, assume perfect nodes and links, in view of delay. It means that no consideration has been made about the delay in the sensing, processing and, transmission procedures. The proposed method in this paper analyzes the behavior of the distributed incremental estimation algorithm in the presence of delay in wireless sensor networks. Weighted spatio-temporal energy conservation method is used to evaluate the transient and steady state behavior of the wireless sensor networks with delay without putting any restriction on regressor's distribution. The equations that illustrate mean square deviation (MSD), excess mean square error (EMSE) and mean square error (MSE) behavior of individual nodes, are driven. Also, simulations show that overall delay could be calculated to turn off nodes in some iterations without affecting the performance of the distributed estimation algorithm or adding extra latency to the network, which can improve power management strategies by modifying sleep-wake scheduling protocols. Eventually, it is shown that simulation results have a good match with derived theoretical expressions.     

面向WSN的自适应模糊功率控制算法研究

在无线传感器网络环境中存在干扰以及网络的动态变化等原因,传输可靠性问题成为保障网络服务性能的重要挑战之一。现有的研究方法基本没有考虑网络的动态性,节点能耗较高。为此,我们提出了一种面向WSN的自适应模糊功率控制算法DAFPC。该算法采用自适应模糊理论,并基于“输入-输出-反馈”机制,根据接收到的链路质量参数信息自适应地调整控制器,快速地调节发射功率。研究仿真结果表明,DAFPC算法能很好地适应网络的动态变化,有效地提高WSN的抗干扰性和传输可靠性,延长了网络的生存时间。     

Wireless sensor network key management survey and taxonomy

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are mobile ad hoc networks in which sensors have limited resources and communication capabilities. Secure communications in some wireless sensor networks are critical. Key management is the fundamental security mechanism in wireless sensor network. Many key management schemes have been developed in recent years.In this paper, we present wireless sensor network key management survey and taxonomy. We classify proposed wireless sensor network key management schemes into three categories based on the encryption key mechanism. We then divide each category into several subcategories based on key pre-distribution and key establishment.     

煤矿井下超宽无线传感器网络定位技术的研究

超宽带技术作为一种新型短距离无线通信方式,其所采用的纳秒级窄脉冲具有许多传统正弦载波无法比拟的优势。基于超宽带技术本身具有的特性,将其与无线传感器网络技术相结合,可以广泛应用于煤矿井下环境,通过无线传感器网络节点定位实现安全监测。本文主要介绍了无线传感器网络节点定位基本原理和算法,提出适合煤矿井下环境的定位算法,并且在传统的测距定位方法基础上进行改进。仿真结果表明,改进的定位算法有效的提高了节点定位精度和定位性能。     

一种低功耗无线传感器网络时间同步算法

间同步对无线传感器网络的应用至关重要,为提高同步精度,多数算法都以较多的消息交换或复杂的计算为代价来达到这一目的,因而能耗较大.为减少时间同步的消息交换开销,节约节点能量,提出了一种简单低功耗时间同步算法,该算法结合了单向广播同步机制和双向成对同步机制,有效利用网络中节点的广播信息,使网络中节点单跳广播域内只有一个下层节点与之进行双向成对同步,从而达到了减少消息开销和节约能量的目的.最后通过仿真验证了该算法的性能.     

Dynamic duty cycle and adaptive contention window based QoS-MAC protocol for wireless multimedia sensor networks

Rapid penetration of small, customized wireless devices and enormous growth of wireless communication technologies has already set the stage for large-scale deployment of wireless sensor networks. While the need to minimize the energy consumption has driven significant researches in wireless sensor networks, offering some precise quality of service (QoS) for multimedia transmission over sensor networks has not received significant attention. However, the emerging new applications like video surveillance, telemedicine and traffic monitoring needs transmission of wireless multimedia over sensor networks. Naturally, offering some better QoS for wireless multimedia over sensor networks raises significant challenges. The network needs to cope up with battery-constraints, while providing improved QoS (end-to-end delay and bandwidth requirement). This calls for a suitable sensory MAC protocol capable of achieving application-specific QoS. In this paper, we have proposed a new QoS-based sensory MAC protocol, which not only adapts to application-oriented QoS, but also attempts to conserve energy without violating QoS-constraints. Performance modeling, analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is capable of providing lower delay and better throughput, at the cost of reasonable energy consumption, in comparison to other existing sensory MAC protocols.     

一种无线传感器网络节点硬件平台的设计与实现

介绍了无线传感器网络的基本原理,阐述了无线传感器网络的特点;分析了802.15.4协议的基本技术要点;给出了无线传感器的设计方案,分别从处理单元,通信单元,传感器单元和电源单元分析了设计思想。从工程实际出发,从器件的选择,接口方式,测试方法等方面实现了设计的全过程。列举了一些无线传感器网络的典型应用。     

基于QoS无线传感器网络路由协议的研究

无线传感器网络的特性决定其主要目标是全网范围的资源有效利用,并且还要支持多种业务的差别服务。因此,许多研究工作通过研究QoS路由来解决该问题,并提出一系列QoS路由协议。介绍无线传感器网络QoS路由技术的相关概念、特点及面临的问题。然后,对当前的无线传感器网络的QoS主要路由协议进行了详细的分析。最后探讨无线传感器网络路由技术的今后的发展动态和研究方向。     

无线传感器路由协议

对近年来无线传感器网络路由协议的最新研究进展进行了讨论和综述，描述了设计无线传感器网络路由协议所面临的问题与挑战，着重对这些具有代表性的路由协议进行对比、分析和分类阐述，并在此基础上提出了设计路由协议应遵循的原则，为进一步的研究提出了新的课题．     

无线传感器网络中虚假数据过滤方案

传统虚假数据过滤算法不能有效地应用于无线传感器网络,因而需要研究适合无线传感器网络的虚假数据过滤方案。在介绍无线传感器网络与虚假数据过滤的概念和特点后,提出了虚假数据过滤方案的分类方法,探讨了各种虚假数据过滤策略,着重分析了当前一些较为重要的虚假数据过滤策略,并指出了这些策略的优缺点。最后分析了当前亟待解决的问题,展望了其未来的发展趋势。