肉豆蔻酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯的合成

以亚硫酸氢钠、环氧氯丙烷、磷酸钠和肉豆蔻酸等为原料,合成了肉豆蔻酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯,探索了反应温度、催化剂、反应时间、反应物物质的量比等因素对合成的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件为:①合成3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠:环氧氯丙烷滴加到亚硫酸氢钠溶液中,反应时间3.5 h,反应温度85℃,②合成环氧丙磺酸钠:3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠加入磷酸钠溶液中,反应温度55℃,反应时间4.0 h;③合成肉豆蔻酸-2-羟基-3-丙磺酸钠:环氧丙磺酸钠溶液滴加到90℃的肉豆蔻酸溶液中,反应时间3.0 h,产率为85.2%。对产品进行了红外光谱表征,产品显示了较好的表面活性。     

油酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯的合成

以亚硫酸氢钠、环氧氯丙烷、磷酸钠和油酸等为原料,合成了油酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯,探索了反应温度、催化剂、反应时间、反应物物质的量比等因素对合成的影响,得到了适宜的反应条件：环氧氯丙烷滴加到亚硫酸氢钠溶液中,反应时间3．5h,反应温度85℃,合成3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠;3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠加入磷酸钠溶液中,反应温度55℃,反应时间4．0h,合成环氧丙磺酸钠;环氧丙磺酸钠溶液滴加到90℃的油酸溶液中,反应时间3．0h,合成油酸-2-羟基-3-丙磺酸钠,产率为85．2％。对产品进行了红外光谱表征,产品显示了较好的表面活性。     

五彩湾煤中钠在燃烧过程中的迁移释放规律

采用不同萃取液对新疆准东高钠煤进行逐级萃取实验, 分析了煤中钠的存在形式。分别检测了不同温度下五彩湾煤原煤以及815℃下不同萃取方式处理的煤燃烧后煤灰中钠的含量, 研究了五彩湾煤燃烧过程中钠的迁移释放规律。并且对传统灰分分析方法和微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪分析法(微波消解-ICP-AES分析法)测量煤中钠含量进行了比较。实验结果表明, 新疆高钠煤中钠主要为水溶钠。五彩湾煤燃烧过程中, 钠的释放主要发生在815℃之前, 并且以水溶钠和有机钠的释放为主。不同存在形式的钠在燃烧中存在转化, 主要表现为水溶钠向不可溶钠的转化以及不可溶钠向有机钠的转化。通过比较, 微波消解-ICP-AES分析法对煤中钠含量的分析更准确。     

淖毛湖煤在热解过程中钠的迁移转化规律

采用立式管式炉对淖毛湖原煤和洗煤进行热解,利用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）、X射线衍射（XRD）等检测手段研究了淖毛湖煤在不同热解温度下碱金属钠的析出特性及不同赋存形态之间的迁移转化规律。结果表明：乙酸铵洗煤和盐酸洗煤的不溶钠在热解过程中会向乙酸铵溶钠和酸溶钠转化,其中钠的挥发性呈现增加的趋势,释放量在3%～24%;而水洗煤在热解过程中钠会从水溶态、乙酸铵溶态和酸溶态向不溶态和气相迁移转化。原煤中钠主要以水溶态为主,在热解过程中水溶钠会向其他形态转化,其中钠的挥发性先减少后增加,在600℃达到最低。低温下钠的挥发来自乙酸铵溶钠的分解,高温下水溶钠和酸溶钠会进入气相,使得原煤和洗煤在800℃时钠的挥发速率增加。     

Characteristics of sodium compounds on NO reduction at high temperature in NOx control technologies

Characteristics of sodium compounds additives on NO reduction at high temperature were investigated in a tube stove and a drop tube furnace. Sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate were chosen as Na additives to research the effect on NO reduction. It was found that sodium compounds could reduce NO emission and promoted NO reduction efficiency during pulverized coal combustion, coal reburning and urea-SNCR process. Adding sodium carbonate into crude coal gained 3.2%–34.8% of NO reduction efficiency on different combustion conditions during the coal combustion process. NO reduction efficiency was affected by sodium content and coal rank. Na additive performed NO reduction effect in whole Shenhua coal combustion process and in char rear combustion of Gelingping coal. Adding sodium hydroxide into the reburning coal increased NO reduction efficiency of the reburning technology. NO reduction efficiency was increased to 82.7% from 50.0% when the weight ratio sodium to the reburning coal was 3% and the ratio of the supplied air to the theoretical air of reburning fuel was 0.6. Sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium acetate performed the promotion of NO reduction efficiency in urea-SNCR. Sodium acetate promoted NO reduction efficiency best while sodium hydroxide promoted worst at 800 °C. Sodium additives as SNCR promoter performed much better at lower temperature than at higher temperature, and they promoted NO reduction weakly in urea-SNCR when the temperature was greater than 900 °C.     

The fate of sodium during pulverized coal combustion

The distribution of sodium in the different sizes of fly ash produced during coal combustion provides useful insights into the vaporization and condensation mechanisms for sodium. For the residual fly ash, the departure of the concentration of sodium from an inverse square dependence on particle size can be used to infer the degree of sodium vaporization. For low-rank coals most of the sodium vaporizes at combustion temperatures <1900 K; at higher temperatures the release of sodium decreases as increasing amounts react with silica. The fraction of sodium condensing on the submicrometre fume is influenced both by the amount of total ash vaporized and by the Kelvin effect.     

铝酸钠对焦宝石-铝矾土浇注料性能的影响

为了解决焦宝石-铝矾土浇注料在较低温度下硬化时间较长的问题．将铝酸钠加入到浇注料中。通过分别对比浇注料在5℃、15℃时加入不同含量铝酸钠后浇注料的工作时间、硬化时间及耐压强度．从而确定不同温度下焦宝石-铝矾土浇注料中所添加铝酸钠的含量。结果表明,焦宝石-铝矾土浇注料在5℃工作时．加入添加剂铝酸钠的量为0．02％;在15℃工作时．加入铝酸钠的量为0．01％,可以缩短浇注料的工作时间和硬化时间,增大浇注料的耐压强度。     

Direct determination of sodium in soybean oil by flame photometry

The correlation of sodium content of alkalirefined soybean oil with the soap content of the oil has been widely accepted by oil processors. We have found that this sodium content can be determined by aspiration of an oil solvent solution directly into a flame emission spectrophotometer. The intensity of the sodium flame emission produced from the oil solution was compared with that from oil standards containing known amounts of sodium soaps. To prepare standards, sodium oleate was dissolved in ethylene glycol followed by the addition of a solvent and soybean oil containing low sodium of known amount; this solution aspirated at a rapid, constant rate. The method is capable of determining sodium at a lower limit of 0.1 ppm with accuracy comparable to that of neutron activation analysis. Presented at the AOCS Meeting in Minneapolis, October 5, 1969.     

Sodium Bisulfite-Induced Changes in the Physicochemical,Surface and Adhesive Properties of Soy β-Conglycinin

The effects of sodium bisulfite on the electrophoresis profile; turbidity; and thermal, surface, and adhesive properties of soy β-conglycinin protein were studied. Sodium bisulfite dissociated high-molecular-weight aggregates in the protein, and the aggregate percentage decreased with increasing sodium bisulfite concentration. Denaturation temperature of sodium-bisulfite-treated β-conglycinin increased as sodium bisulfite increased. However, at high sodium bisulfite concentration (i.e. 36 g/L), denaturation enthalpy decreased significantly. Sodium bisulfite caused changes in the β-conglycinin secondary structure and promoted ionization of lysine residues as indicated by FT-IR results. A sudden drop in turbidity at pH 4.8 was observed at the same salt level. The contact angle of β-conglycinin on cherry wood reached its minimum at 6 g/L sodium bisulfite and 24 g/L on glass. Water resistance of β-conglycinin was improved but not significantly by 6 g/L sodium bisulfite at pH 9.5. An obvious increase in adhesion strength of the protein occurred at 3 and 6 g/L sodium bisulfite at pH 4.8. A high sodium bisulfite concentration at 36 g/L sharply reduced the adhesive performance of β-conglycinin.     

Electro-mechanical degradation of polycrystalline beta-alumina

Deposition of metallic sodium under conditions of current flow of sodium ions through beta-alumina ceramics is an important cause of their breakdown when the solid electrolyte is used as a separator in various electrochemical devices. Cells of different combinations: Na/Beta-Alumina/Na amalgam, Na/Beta-Alumina/Cu(probe), and Na/Beta-Alumina/Na, etc have been investigated for sodium deposition at room temperature and at 350°C. A method is presented by which the progress of sodium deposition may be followed. A mechanism of formation of sodium deposition centers at impurity rich spots and other defect sites has been proposed.