氢型β沸石负载磷钨酸在金刚烷合成中的应用

采用过量浸渍法制备了一系列的氢型β沸石(Hβ)负载磷钨酸(PW),用于桥式四氢双环戊二烯(endo-TCD)异构化合成金刚烷(ADH)反应.X射线衍射(XRD)、氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等表征方法对催化剂进行表征.表征结果表明:PW在Hβ表面呈高度分散状态,10%PW/Hβ具有最大的酸量.对异构化反应中的焙烧温度、反应温度、时间、初压、溶剂用量和催化剂用量等工艺条件进行了考察,得出在适宜的操作条件下即催化剂10%PW/Hβ焙烧温度350℃、反应温度240℃、n(环己烷)/n(endo-TCD)=5、m(催化剂)/m(endo-TCD)=0.8、初压0.8MPa、反应时间3 h,endo-TCD转化率达到99.3%,金刚烷的收率达到22.4%.     

PW/介孔Hβ沸石催化合成金刚烷的研究

采用NaOH溶液对含有模板剂氢氧化四乙基铵(TEAOH)的Hβ沸石进行脱硅处理,制备了介孔Hβ沸石;采用过量液相浸渍法制备了一系列介孔Hβ沸石负载磷钨酸(PW)催化剂,考察了其在桥式四氢双环戊二烯(endo-TCD)异构化制备金刚烷反应中的催化性能;并采用XRD、液N2吸附和NH3-TPD对催化剂的物化性质进行了表征。表征结果表明,当PW酸负载量达到30%时,其仍能在介孔Hβ沸石表面高度分散,且对应的催化剂的酸量最大。采用30%PW/介孔Hβ沸石为催化剂,在反应温度240℃,w(catalyst)/w(endo-TCD)=0.6,反应时间为5 h时,endo-TCD的转化率达到99.4%;与PW/Hβ沸石相比,PW/介孔Hβ沸石由于其存在部分介孔,金刚烷的收率提高至原来的1.46倍,原来的22.4%提高至32.7%;且催化剂再生能力良好,重复使用6次后,金刚烷收率还高达28.7%。     

硅胶负载磷钨酸催化剂上金刚烷的制备

采用过量浸渍法制备了一系列硅胶（SiO2）负载磷钨酸（PW）催化剂,考察了催化剂在桥式四氢双环戊二烯（endo-TCD）异构化制备金刚烷反应中的催化性能,并采用XRD、N2吸附和NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂的物化性质进行了表征。结果表明,当PW负载量为40%时,PW仍能在SiO2表面高度分散;随着PW负载量的增加,催化剂的酸量增加,负载量为40%时酸量最大,负载量进一步增大,酸量下降,40% PW/SiO2表现出最高的催化活性。采用40% PW/SiO2为催化剂,考察了各种反应条件对催化性能的影响。实验结果发现,适宜的反应条件为：催化剂活化温度200℃,反应温度260℃,反应时间3h,初始压力1.1MPa。当催化剂与原料的质量比为0.7,溶剂环己烷与原料的摩尔比为5.0时,endo-TCD的转化率达到99.5%,金刚烷的收率达到24.7%。     

DL-酒石酸绿色合成工艺的研究

以硅球为载体,用浸渍法制备了一系列不同负载量的磷钨负载型催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UVVis DRS)对合成催化剂进行表征,并考察了催化剂在顺丁烯二酸氧化制备DL-酒石酸反应中的催化性能。结果表明,加入磷酸后,磷钨能更有效的分散在载体表面。通过控制PW负载量,可有效调整催化剂的表面性质及氧化反应催化性能。当n(W)∶n(P)=1∶2.2,负载量w(PW)=30%,焙烧温度400℃,焙烧时间4 h,催化活性较好。在反应温度70℃,反应时间3 h,催化剂在反应体系中的质量分数为2.5%,水解温度105℃,水解时间3 h,顺丁烯二酸的转化率为95.6%,DL-酒石酸的收率达91.7%。     

硅胶负载硅钨酸催化剂上金刚烷的制备

采用过量浸渍法制备一系列硅胶（SiO2）负载12-硅钨酸（SiW）催化剂,利用X线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和氨程序升温脱附法（NH3-TPD）对催化剂的物化性质进行表征.并在100 mL间歇式不锈钢高压反应釜中考察其在桥式四氢双环戊二烯（endo-TCD）异构化制备金刚烷反应中的催化性能.实验结果表明：SiW在SiO2上最适宜的负载量为40%.在适宜的反应条件下,即催化剂的活化温度250℃,反应温度240℃,反应时间3 h,初始压力1.1 MPa.当催化剂与原料的质量比值为0.9、溶剂环己烷与原料的摩尔比值为5时,endo-TCD的转化率达到96.9%,金刚烷的收率达到17.8%.     

甲苯与叔丁醇在MgY催化剂上的烷基化

采用不同浓度的Mg(NO3)2交换NaY制备了不同含量的MgY催化剂,考察了其在甲苯与叔丁醇反应中的催化性能,并用ICP和NH3-TPD等表征手段对催化剂物化性质进行了表征,结果表明,Mg含量为7.2%对应的催化剂酸量最大。采用MgY8为催化剂,研究了各种反应条件对催化性能的影响。结果发现,在适宜的反应条件下,即反应温度180℃,n(叔丁醇)/n(甲苯)=4,w(甲苯)/w(MgY8)=5,反应时间4 h时,甲苯转化率达48.3%,对叔丁基甲苯选择性为68.8%。     

PW/SiO2-Al2O3负载型催化剂用于萘异丙基化反应性能研究

以自制PW/SiO_2-Al_2O_3为催化剂,研究载体及其负载量对萘异丙基化反应转化率和选择性的影响,并考察反应时间、活化温度和反应温度对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,以异丙醇和萘[n(异丙醇)∶n(萘)=2]为原料,环己烷为溶剂,在活化温度和反应温度均为250℃及反应时间5 h条件下,磷钨酸(PW)负载质量分数40%时,PW/SiO_2-Al_2O_3负载型催化剂对萘异丙基化反应的催化效果最好,萘转化率87. 97%,DIPN选择性41. 41%,DIPN中β,β-DIPN占比达到59. 82%。     

Ni-PMo_(12)/MCM-48催化剂的制备与催化性能研究

通过水热合成法制备了中孔分子筛MCM-48,并采用等体积浸溃法负载活性组分镍(Ni)和磷钼酸(PMo12).采用XRD、BET吸附、红外吡啶吸附等方法对催化剂进行表征.考察了反应温度、还原温度和还原时间对异构化催化性能的影响及催化性能随反应时间的变化.结果表明,w(Ni)=3%-w(PMo12)=30%/MCM-48对正庚烷异构化反应具有较好的异构化性能,当还原温度400℃、反应温度300℃时,催化剂催化性能最好,转化率为14.2%时,异构化选择性能够达到65.6%.     

过渡金属改性USY催化低浓度乙醇脱水制乙烯

在固定床反应器中考察了USY(超稳Y分子筛)和过渡金属改性USY催化低浓度乙醇脱水制乙烯反应,并通过BET,XRD和NH3-TPD等手段对改性前后的催化剂进行表征.结果表明,Co/USY的催化反应性能较好.当硝酸钴浸渍液质量分数为3%时,催化反应效果最好,乙醇转化率达到93.2%,乙烯选择性达到95.7%.Co/USY催化低浓度乙醇脱水制乙烯反应中乙烯的选择性对反应温度敏感,乙烯选择性由220℃的24.0%骤然提高到250℃的95.7%,在280℃时乙烯选择性达到100%.并且考察了Co/USY的初期稳定性,发现在反应102 h后催化剂仍具有良好的活性.     

F/HY催化剂用于挂式四氢双环戊二烯的制备

采用室温过量浸渍法,制备不同F用量改性的HY分子筛催化剂。采用氨程序升温脱附法(NH3-TPD)、X线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对催化剂的结构及酸性质进行表征,并在桥式四氢双环戊二烯(endo-TCD)制备挂式四氢双环戊二烯(exo-TCD)的反应中考察催化剂的催化性能。结果表明:最适宜的反应条件为以1.0%F/HY为催化剂,活化温度300℃,反应温度240℃,催化剂与原料质量比0.25∶1,溶剂环己烷与endo-TCD的摩尔比10∶1,初始压力1.0 MPa,反应时间1.5 h。最优条件下桥式四氢双环戊二烯的转化率达到92.6%,挂式四氢双环戊二烯的收率达到了59.4%。失活的催化剂可以通过550℃高温焙烧再生,其活性变化不大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。