在线仿真技术在流程工业节能降耗中的应用

在线仿真需要建立精细、实时、全物理过程对象的在线的仿真模型,同步采集仿真对象实时运行的数据和仿真对象操控状态的数据.运行环境使在线仿真模型与机组同步运行,其运行的目的是为在线、实时跟踪系统运行、为仿真对象安全运行预警预报和为节能和科学用能、经济运行在线分析和为生产优化和管理优化提供重要数据,作为决策依据.     

在线仿真技术在流程工业节能降耗中的应用

在线仿真需要建立精细、实时、全物理过程对象的在线的仿真模型，同步采集仿真对象实时运行的数据和仿真对象操控状态的数据。运行环境使在线仿真模型与机组同步运行，其运行的目的是为在线、实时跟踪系统运行，为仿真对象安全运行预警预报和为节能和科学用能、经济运行在线分析和为生产优化和管理优化提供重要数据，作为决策依据。[第一段]     

基于多波长LED阵列激发的三维荧光光谱系统的设计与实现

设计了基于多波长LED阵列为激发光源的三维荧光光谱系统,利用单片机AT89C52控制LED阵列和光谱仪的步进电机,实现了数据的实时采集和光谱的实时显示。通过对3种荧光物质的12个不同浓度的样品进行荧光光谱测量,并对所得的数据组成的EEM谱进行解析,计算出各样品的浓度与实际浓度相符,验证了本系统在多组分分析中的可行性,同时LED光源的应用将为分析仪器的小型化和便携式提供新的发展方向。     

大科学装置样品环境设备的研究进展

大科学装置是面向科技前沿研究的重要实验设施,近年来全球建设大科学装置的力度不断加大。样品环境设备是大科学装置常用的重要子系统,用于为实验中的样品提供一个特殊的恒定环境,以使样品处于特定的状态。分别从样品环境设备的设计与应用方面对其研究进展进行了探讨,并以中国散裂中子源原位真空拉应力样品环境设备为例,研究了设备设计、样机制作与实验测试,可为样品环境设备的研发与应用提供参考。     

岩土工程勘察中的钻探工艺选取分析

在岩土工程勘察工作中,选取合适的钻探工艺,能够为工程后续施工提供有效的数据支持,因此相关工作人员应该针对复杂多样的地形环境,科学的选择钻探工艺,这要求相关工作人员对钻探工艺有一个整体性的认识,才能做好岩土工程的勘探工作,确保项目勘察工程顺利的开展。     

便携无线传输型流动应急观测地震仪

本文介绍一种用于震后流动应急观测的地震仪系统。其特点是便携、低功耗和无线准实时数据传输及远程控制能力,极大地方便了震后开展仪器的布设工作和及时取得观测数据资料。近实时地跟踪震区现场地震序列活动,密切监视震情发展,为地震现场指挥部和地震后方科研人员对震区震情形势进行动态研判分析提供了有力的技术手段,并为后续研究提供了基础数据资料。     

自动气象站数据显示与分析应用系统的设计与实现

文章通过具有RIA(Rich Internet Applications,富网络应用)特性的FineUI、Echarts等JavaScript框架,开发了基于B/S架构的自动气象站数据显示与分析应用系统ASP.NET网站。系统实现了对新疆区域国家级自动站的观测数据的实时显示、分析、监视功能,并能够实时显示分析气象要素的连续变化。应用实践表明,该系统能够在天气实况监测和监视、临近预报与航空危险天气预警预报中为航空预报人员提供直观的天气实况信息,为预报员了解实时天气,提高预报能力提供科学、高效的技术支持。     

基于CFX的导流筒搅拌装置的研发设计

搅拌装置作为工程中常用的非标机械设备,工作原理为机械能转化为流体动能。合理的结构模式和运转情况是影响流体流场分布和决定能量转化效率的重要因素。本文基于CAE流体分析软件CFX通过工程实例对传统搅拌方式和导流筒搅拌方式进行比对,为搅拌装置的合理研发提供了数据依据。     

微流体芯片技术在免疫分析中的应用

微流体芯片技术最初起源于分析化学领域,它采用网络式的通道结构为免疫分析研究提供一个新的平台。在微流体芯片通道中,人们利用它所提供的较高比表面积来完成免疫反应,这样可大大提高分析速度,改善分析效率并降低样品和试剂消耗。随着微电子及微机械制作技术的不断进步,近年来微流体芯片技术发展迅速,并开始在化学、生命科学及环境科学等领域发挥越来越重要的作用。本文对微流体芯片技术在均相免疫分析和非均相免疫分析中的应用进行综述,介绍用于免疫分析研究的多种微芯片系统并讨论在芯片上进行免疫反应的各种方法。     

基于振动信号的变频涡旋压缩机故障诊断

设计开发了变频涡旋压缩机振动测试系统,该系统在LabVIEW软件平台上对变频涡旋压缩机振动信号进行采集和分析,可以实现涡旋压缩机变频控制、振动信号采集、数据读写和振动信号分析等功能。利用倒频谱法和互相关函数理论进行了振动信号实时分析和故障诊断,确定了振源,并提出相应减振措施,为涡旋流体机械的故障诊断及性能提高提供了方法和依据。     

欠平衡钻井井涌井漏监测系统

欠平衡钻井是一种新型的钻井技术,因其在钻井过程中能够减少对油气层的伤害,有效保护油气层,提高油气井的产量,现广泛应用于各种石油天然气开采活动。但是在欠平衡钻井过程中如果对回压控制不当,则可能发生井涌或井漏事故,轻者会影响钻井效率和效益,重者会导致严重的恶性钻井事故。欠平衡钻井井涌井漏监测系统以力控组态软件为开发平台,并集成各类优选的传感器及仪器仪表为一体,能够对欠平衡钻井过程中是否出现了井涌及井漏情况进行快速判断,并且能够对钻井过程中出现的异常情况进行实时报警,防止各类严重的事故发生。进一步,以欠平衡钻井井涌井漏监测系统为基础,可以构建一套欠平衡钻井的安全评价管理体系。     

New correlations for better monitoring the all-oil mud rheology by employing artificial neural networks

The rheological properties of the drilling fluid are crucial to the success of the drilling project. The traditional mud experiments normally performed by the mud engineers provide rheological data with a small resolution. Monitoring higher-resolution rheological properties is particularly important for all-oil mud because it is widely used with problematic drilled formations. The design and monitoring of the drilling fluid rheology is a critical issue for drilling, and therefore, this paper is a contribution to the effort to completely automate the process of highly accurate and real-time recording of the rheological mud properties. This paper aims to develop intelligent predictive models for the mud rheological properties using artificial neural networks [ANN] by linking the high-frequency mud parameters such as fluid density or mud weight [MWT] and Marsh funnel viscosity [MFV] with the rheological measurements of low frequency for drilling mud such as plastic viscosity [PV], yield point [YP], behavior indicator [n] and viscosity appearance [AV]. New empirical correlations have additionally been established to assess the rheological properties of water. In order to construct ANN models, data was obtained from 56 different wells during drilling operations of different drilling sections with various sizes. The data was fairly enough for building and testing the models as 369 data points were obtained. The models were optimized by trainlm which was the best training function and tansig was the best transfer function. 42 neurons in the hidden layer optimized AV and PV models where 34 neurons optimized all other rheological models [YP, n, R300, and R600]. ANN models presented good results as correlation coefficient [R] was 0.9 and an average absolute [AAPE] error of less than 8% for training and testing data sets. The new models were used to derive the empirical correlations for the estimation of rheological parameters. The empirical correlations were extracted to easily monitor the rheological properties of an all-oil mud system in real-time, which enables better control of the drilling activity by maintaining rheological properties at optimal values as well as early detection of other problems that might require immediate interactions, including well control and stuck pipe.     

Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement of the Flow Field in the Play of the Drilling Pump Valve

The failure of a drilling pump is always due to the break of the drilling pump valve, which is one of the most important but also the weakest parts of the drilling pump. Over the decades, the degradation of drilling pump valves has been investigated extensively and various failure mechanisms have been proposed. However, no experimental test on the fluid has been successfully performed to support some of these mechanisms. In this paper, tests of the flow within the valve play are carried out to investigate the factors resulting in the failure of the valve. In the tests, particle image velocimetry(PIV) technology is employed to measure the flow field distribution of the valve play in the model. From these tests, the distributions of velocity and vorticity of fluid in various valves with different valve angles and different valve lifts are obtained, from which the features of flow fields are derived and generalized. Subsequently, a general rule of the influence of valve angles and valve lifts on the flow velocity is concluded according to chart analyses of maximal velocities and mean velocities. Finally, an analysis is made on the possibility of valve failure caused by erosion and abrasion in a working valve, with the application of the failure mechanisms of drilling pump valves. PIV measurement improves the study on the failure of the drilling pump valve, and the results show good agreement with previous computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations.     

离子色谱法分析钻井液可行性研究

应用离子色谱法分析钻井液中阴阳离子的含量,关键在于钻井液的预处理。实验中,采用离心法去除钻井液中的固体颗粒,通过微孔虑膜过滤及活性炭吸附有机成分,可以有效地消除对测定的影响和对色谱柱的污染。实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的精度,其加标平均回收率为95%~105%,相对标准偏差优于4.0%。该方法用于实际样品分析,所得结果令人满意。     

The use of displacement threshold for switching frequency strategy for structural vibration mitigation

This paper presents a study of controllable real-time frequency shift using a fluid pin damper, so called ‘smart pin’, mounted at a beam-column connection. Unlike the stationary frequency shifter, the pin can increase or decrease the rotational stiffness of the connection, leading to an actively adjustable structural frequency due to real-time responses of polarised magneto-rheological (MR) fluid, whose rheological properties can change in milliseconds. The feedback to the pin damper governs the structural frequency changes. To demonstrate this concept, a single storey plane steel frame model with one hinge and one ‘smart pin’ damper, mounted at each beam-column connection and subjected to two scaled earthquake excitations, namely El-Centro 1940 and Northridge 1994, which respectively represent near- and farfield excitations, was tested using the shake table at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) structures laboratory, for ‘proof-of-concept’ investigation. Further, the dynamic performance of the model using a proposed switching strategy with a displacement threshold as an indicator for alternately supplied current level (flip-flop) was examined, assuming the earthquake records were known. The results showed some potential use of this control technique for structural vibration mitigation, however, further study to optimize the performance of the switching strategy is still required. An erratum to this article is available at .     

JJ225／43-K井架有限元模态分析

采用有限元ANSYS分析软件,对JJ225／43-K型钻机井架进行了自然状态下模态和8度罕遏地震振型谱分析,得出了井架的前10阶模态频率、相对应的主振型和地震影响参数,以及井架应力应变的最大单元。结果表明,该井架能够承受8度罕遇地震的破坏,结构设计合理。     

基才APDL语言的扭矩加载方法分析

在石油钻井中,扭矩作为钻井振动间接测量参数,受地层、钻头、钻具结构、井眼形状、钻压、转速、泵冲、钻井液性能以及地面机械因素的影响。本文就钻柱实际受力与变形分析中出现的扭矩加载问题进行了研究,给出了加载扭矩的详细方法和步骤,并运用 APDL 语言编写了相应程序,为结构受力与变形分析提供了依据。     

钻机起升及井下工具综合实验装置监测系统设计

本文基于组态软件与数据库技术设计了一套钻机起升及井下工具综合实验装置的实时监测系统。该系统主要由传感器、数据采集部件、总线通信接口、工控机及相应的系统软件构成。系统软件在ForceControl6.1与SQL Server 2008环境下开发,采用模块化的设计思想,主要包括数据采集模块、数据存储模块、数据处理和分析模块、报警与事件记录模块等。实践证明,系统使用、维护方便,稳定可靠,保障了实验装置的安全、稳定运行,可以满足对现代智能化钻机的科学研究和实验教学要求。     

Experimental comparison of dynamic tracking performance of iGPS and laser tracker

External metrology systems are increasingly being integrated with traditional industrial articulated robots, especially in the aerospace industries, to improve their absolute accuracy for precision operations such as drilling, machining and jigless assembly. While currently most of the metrology assisted robotics control systems are limited in their position update rate, such that the robot has to be stopped in order to receive a metrology coordinate update, some recent efforts are addressed toward controlling robots using real-time metrology data. The indoor GPS is one of the metrology systems that may be used to provide real-time 6DOF data to a robot controller. Even if there is a noteworthy literature dealing with the evaluation of iGPS performance, there is, however, a lack of literature on how well the iGPS performs under dynamic conditions. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the dynamic measurement performance of the iGPS, tracking the trajectories of an industrial robot. The same experiment is also repeated using a laser tracker. Besides the experiment results presented, this paper also proposes a novel method for dynamic repeatability comparisons of tracking instruments.     

核电站暖通系统仪表的抗震试验程序和方法

本文介绍了暖通系统的仪表抗震试验的试验目的、试验程序和实施方案及合格判定要求，分别从抗震仪表分类、试验步骤、试验方法和功能评价等方面进行阐述，为核电站仪表或设备的抗震试验提供一定的试验思路和借鉴指导。抗震鉴定试验表明，被试仪表具有足够的强度抵抗设计地震载荷，试验中及试验后被试仪表结构完整并且运行功能完好，满足暖通系统对此类仪表的抗震Ⅰ类的抗震要求。