ADCP作为流量测验基本手段的思考

我国自20世纪90年代初引进第一部ADCP以来,ADCP在国内已经大量使用,在带来流量测验方式革命的同时也引发了一些问题,致使其仍无法作为流量测验的基本手段加以应用.就ADCP流量测验本身存在的问题、ADCP流量测验与其他水文项目传统测验方式的结合、ADCP与传统流量测验方式的矛盾与衔接等方面进行探讨,为ADCP作为流量测验基本手段寻找一个可行的解决方案.     

大型深水库流速比测方法研究及比测结果相关性分析

ADCP测流具有快捷、方便等优点,ADCP测流方法、及其与常规流速仪对比测试是一个值得研究的课题,也是全面推进ADCP在测流中应用的基础。国内开展了一些ADCP与常规流速仪在天然河道中的对比测试研究工作,获得了ADCP与常规流速仪测试成果之间的相关关系。由于ADCP与常规流速仪在水库中对比测试的实例较少、缺乏可借鉴经验,因此本文依据ADCP与常规流速仪、动船与定船ADCP在不同调节性能水库中的对比测试结果,初步得出:在水库流速较小的条件下,ADCP与常规流速仪、动船与定船ADCP对比测试相关性较好,随着流速的增大,两者相关性显著提高。     

ADCP在太湖流域平原河网地区的应用

ADCP测流技术近年在国内得到了一定范围的推广，介绍了ADCP在太湖流域平原河网地区的应用情况，并结合实际总结了ADCP在平原河网地区使用的优点和缺点，认为在平原河网地区开展ADCP流量测验还有一定的局限性。     

ADCP在高要水文站中的比测分析

以高要水文站为实例，简要介绍了ADCP的基本原理，通过ADCP在中、高水位级的不同应用条件下．先后与常规流速仪进行比测分析和与外接GPS、光纤罗经后与ADCP进行比测分析。对ADCP在西江高要水文站中的应用提出可行性建议。     

ADCP在珠江三角洲河口区水文测验中的应用及问题探讨

ADCP水文测验是目前较为先进的技术.通过ADCP在珠江三角洲河口区感潮河流水文测验中的比测,阐述其在感潮河流中的应用结果.并对出现的一些问题进行探讨,以期ADCP水文测验技术能更好地广泛推广应用.     

ADCP过河测流技术及在我省河流应用前景分析

文中论述了ADCP测流技术的基本原理、特性及其在国内的应用情况，并对其在我省的应用前景进行了分析。     

河口、浅海ADCP定点海流观测资料的比较与整理

ADCP被广泛应用于断面流量测量，具有操作简单、结果直观、信息量大等显著的优点。通过对ADCP定点海流观测与传统流速仪海流观测的对比分析,提出在浅海水文测验中，对ADCP海流观测资料进行整理的一种方法，实现对ADCP观测数据进行选择性的冗余处理。     

ADCP在缅甸山溪性河流中的应用与分析

通过对缅甸萨尔温江干流及其支流的ADCP实测为例,介绍了目前世界上最先进的流量实时测量仪器ADCP的测流基本原理和在水文测验系统使用的优点,对其测验方式以及应用情况进行介绍,对其使用条件、测量模式、适用范围、测验精度及一些应注意的问题进行了分析。     

水平式ADCP在水文应用中的技术探讨

水平式声学多普勒流速剖面仪（H—ADCP）在应用过程中必须要解决一些特定的技术问题。着重对H-ADCP在水文应用过程中的基本技术问题，如：仪器的安装，流速关系的率定，水位过程Z～t的确定和应用，相应断面面积的确定等，做了一些分析，并提出了几个关键性问题的探讨。通过分析探讨，认为ADCP的引进和应用，是整个水利系统现代化建设进程的发展趋势之一。     

走航式ADCP在不同断面形态河流中适应性分析

声学多普勒流速剖面流速仪（简称ADCP）是最为先进的在线流量测验仪器之一,在水文测验中的使用日益频繁。但ADCP在实际使用中受到一些客观条件的限制,特别是受断面形态的限制影响了使用效果,降低了流量测验的精度。为此,本文就ADCP在不同类型断面使用中遇到的一些技术问题以及提高ADCP流量测验精度所采用的处理方法,为促进ADCP应用范围创造有利条件。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。