高效、固相焊接新技术--搅拌摩擦焊

在介绍搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）技术特点的基础上,对发达国家在搅拌摩擦焊接技术的工业化应用进行了综述,并且对中国搅拌摩擦焊中心在镁合金、铜合金、钛合金、塑料等材料的搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究、复杂铝合金构件开发以及搅拌摩擦焊设备制造等方面进行了较全面的介绍.搅拌摩擦焊接技术是一项高效、固相焊接新技术,在铝合金结构焊接方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接研究进展

传统熔焊工艺焊接不锈钢存在诸多问题,搅拌摩擦焊接是解决这些问题的有效途径.本文论述了近年来国内外不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊的研究进展,分析了不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊的焊缝成形、接头组织、力学性能、抗腐蚀性能、焊接工具、不锈钢异种材料焊接等,并展望了不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊的应用前景.     

不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头温度场模拟

搅拌头技术是搅拌摩擦焊工艺的关键技术,不绣钢搅拌摩擦焊一个重要的难点是确定不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头的材料.此材料要求在1000℃或更高的温度下具有良好的耐磨性和韧性.采用搅拌摩擦焊工艺对3 mm厚0Cr18Ni9不锈钢板进行了对接焊接.利用有限元软件DEFORM-3D初步模拟了在旋转速度600 r/min,焊接速度70 mm/min下焊接不锈钢时搅拌头的温度场分布.结果表明,模拟结果与实测结果基本吻合.     

我国搅拌摩擦焊技术的研究现状与热点分析

从搅拌摩擦焊材料、工艺、焊接机理、有限元数值模拟、接头耐腐蚀性等方面分析了国内对搅拌摩擦焊研究取得的成果与现状,并预测了未来几年国内搅拌摩擦焊研究的热点和重点.分析认为:铝合金仍是未来几年搅拌摩擦焊的主要研究材料,而镁合金、铜合金、不锈钢、碳钢以及异种金属的搅拌摩擦焊将也将成为研究的热点.焊接工艺、有限元数值模拟以及接...     

搅拌工具尺寸和工艺参数对塑料搅拌摩擦焊焊缝质量的影响

用不同尺寸的搅拌工具对聚氯乙烯(PVC)板材进行了搅拌摩擦对接焊工艺试验.试验证明,在搅拌工具肩部直径为30 mm,搅拌头直径为10 mm,搅拌头旋转速度为1 660 r/min,焊接速度为25 mm/min的情况下,可以得到焊缝饱满、成形美观的焊接接头.提高搅拌头的旋转速度可以成比例地提高焊接温度;焊接速度的影响较复杂,增大焊接速度一方面会降低焊接热输入,一方面又会间接地增大搅拌头的进给阻力,从而增大摩擦发热功率,提高焊接温度;搅拌工具肩部直径直接影响肩部与被焊材料表面的摩擦发热功率,增大肩部直径可以提高焊接温度,还有利于阻止焊缝材料的飞溅和外溢;而搅拌头直径的影响较复杂,增大它既可以提高搅拌头侧面与被焊材料之间的相对运动线速度,从而提高焊接温度,又会增加被焊材料的吸热功率和传热面积,从而降低焊接温度.     

6061-T6铝合金与PMMA的搅拌摩擦焊工艺

搅拌摩擦焊在铝合金金属焊接中有着广泛的应用,也可以将金属、聚合物异种材料焊接在一起.文中对铝合金和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)这2种常用异种材料的焊接进行了研究,将6061-T6铝合金与PMMA薄板进行搅拌摩擦焊试验,验证异种材料搅拌摩擦焊的可行性,选取6061-T6铝合金与PMMA成形较好的焊接接头进行拉伸试验.结果...     

搅拌摩擦焊概述（一）

搅拌摩擦焊专栏是《现代焊接》杂志与中国搅拌摩擦焊中心合作开辟的搅拌摩擦焊技术的科普专栏，包括以下专题——搅拌摩擦焊概述，搅拌摩擦焊优点。搅拌摩擦焊原理，搅拌摩擦焊历史，搅拌摩擦焊应用，搅拌摩擦焊设备，搅拌头设计和材料，搅拌摩擦焊可控参数和过程控制，搅拌摩擦焊匙孔去除技术，搅拌摩擦焊工艺改进，搅拌摩擦焊接头性能，搅拌摩擦焊点焊，铜、镁、钛、钢的搅拌摩擦焊，搅拌摩擦焊接头及夹具设计，搅拌摩擦焊检测技术，搅拌摩擦焊质量控制等。敬请关注![编者按]     

搅拌摩擦焊专题之搅拌头(上)

搅拌头是搅拌摩擦焊技术的心脏~([TWI]),也是搅拌摩擦焊方法的核心。搅拌摩擦焊过程中搅拌针旋转着插入被焊接材料的结合界面处,使被焊接材料得到热塑化,然后搅拌头沿着待焊接界面向前移动,在搅拌头的作用下,热塑化的被焊接材料从前部向后部转移,并在搅拌头的锻造力作用下形成可靠接头。     

超薄壁材料微搅拌摩擦焊接技术获突破

经过历时1年的潜心探索、刻苦攻关,中国航天科技集团公司八院149厂前不久突破了超薄壁铝合金及异种材料微搅拌摩擦焊接技术,并达到国际先进水平。微搅拌摩擦焊技术是在传统搅拌摩擦焊技术的基础上发展起来的,可对厚度在1毫米以下的材料进行搅拌摩擦焊接,其材料产热、流动机制与传统搅拌摩擦焊有显著区别。     

《电焊机》杂志2004年1～6月份刊登计划

刊登时间刊登主题主要内容征稿截时间2004年1月搅拌摩擦焊技术2003年12月30日搅拌摩擦焊技术国内外发展现状及前景搅拌摩擦焊原理黑色及有色金属材料的搅拌摩擦焊工艺搅拌摩擦焊技术在实际生产中的应用搅拌摩擦焊接设备的研制搅拌头性能及搅拌头材料的发展2004年2月现代船舶工业高效焊接技术2003年12月30日我国现代船舶工业的发展状况船舶焊接技术现状与展望新型进口和国产焊接与切割设备在船舶焊接中的应用船舶制造中高效焊接技术CO2气体保护焊在修造船中的应用船舶厚板自动立向上焊接法船舶高效焊接材料的发展趋势2004年3月CO2焊接技术2…     

高熔点材料的搅拌摩擦焊接技术

通过焊具设计、接头微观组织与性能、焊接温度场和残余应力、热源辅助的搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)几个方面,全面介绍了高熔点材料搅拌摩擦焊技术的研究现状.结果表明,合适的搅拌头材料为钨铼(W-Re)合金和多晶立方氮化硼(PCBN);采用合适的焊具设计和工艺参数,可以得到具有良好微观组织、高强度的FSW接头;在模拟搅拌摩擦焊温度场和接头残余应力时,应依据焊接过程实际进一步完善物理模型;引入辅助热源有利于高熔点材料焊缝成形并提高焊具使用寿命.     

Review of recent trends in friction stir welding process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites

Welding is a vital component of several industries such as automotive, aerospace, robotics, and construction. Without welding, these industries utilize aluminum alloys for the manufacturing of many components or systems. However, fusion welding of aluminum alloys is challenging due to several factors, including the presence of non-heat-treatable alloys, porosity, solidification, and liquation of cracks. Many manufacturers adopt conventional in-air friction stir welding (FSW) to weld metallic alloys and dissimilar materials. Many researchers reported the drawbacks of this traditional in-air FSW technique in welding metallic and polymeric materials in general and aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites in specific. A number of FSW techniques were developed recently, such as underwater friction stir welding (UFSW), vibrational friction-stir welding (VFSW), and others, for welding of aluminum alloy joints to overcome the issues of welding using conventional FSW. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the recent trends in FSW process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs). Also, it discusses the effect of welding parameters of the traditional and state-of-the-art developed FSW techniques on the welding quality and strength of aluminum alloys and Al MMCs. Comparison among the techniques and advantages and limitations of each are considered. The review suggests that VFSW is a viable option for welding aluminum joints due to its energy efficiency, economic cost, and versatile modifications that can be employed based on the application. This review also illustrated that significantly less attention has been paid to FSW of Al-MMCs and considerable attention is demanded to produce qualified joint.     

A Comparative Evaluation of the Wear Resistance of Various Tool Materials in Friction Stir Welding of Metal Matrix Composites

Friction stir welding (FSW) is the preferred joining method for metal-matrix composites (MMCs). As a solid-state process, it precludes formation of the intermetallic precipitates responsible for degradation of mechanical properties in fusion welds of MMCs. The major barrier to FSW of MMCs is the rapid and severe wear of the welding pin tool, a consequence of prolonged contact between the tool and the harder reinforcements which give the material its enhanced strength. This study evaluates the effectiveness of harder tool materials to combat wear in the FSW of MMCs. The tool materials considered are O1 steel, cemented carbide (WC-Co) of the micrograin and submicrograin varieties, and WC-Co coated with diamond. The challenges which accompany the application of harder tool materials and diamond coatings in FSW are also discussed. This study represents the first use of diamond-coated tools in FSW and the first comparative evaluation of tool materials for this application.     

Development of Ir based tool for friction stir welding of high temperature materials

Abstract

A friction stir welding (FSW) tool with high strength and high wear resistance at elevated temperature is needed to perform FSW of high temperature materials. The purpose of this study is to develop a welding tool suited for FSW of high temperature materials. It has been clarified that Ir is little oxidised at elevated temperatures and that the addition of Re within the solubility limit to Ir increases the recrystallisation temperature, the high temperature strength and the high temperature hardness of the Ir alloy. SUS304 stainless steel was successfully friction stir welded by an Ir–10?at‐%Re welding tool without significant wear.     

搅拌摩擦焊接过程的有限元模拟

对摩擦搅拌焊接工艺进行数值仿真，建立了搅拌摩擦焊接的二维数值计算模型，通过数值手段进行焊接参数研究。并研究了焊接工艺过程中焊件材料的流动情况以及在焊接过程中材料的应力和应变情况，且与已有结果进行比较。证实了所建立模型的正确性与可靠性。     

Modelling of electrically enhanced friction stir welding process using finite element method

Abstract

Conventional friction stir welding (FSW) of high strength and high melting point materials, such as steel and titanium, has the disadvantages of a serious tool wear problem and slow welding speed. A new friction stir welding process for such materials called 'electrically enhanced friction stir welding process (EHFSW)' has been suggested and analysed using finite element modelling. The basic idea of EHFSW is that electric current passes from the welding tool into the workpiece through the contact area in the welding region. Thus it results in more localised heating while welding is in progress and is not simply a preheating process. The temperature distribution in the workpiece during the pin plunge stage and the welding stage of the EHFSW process has been determined. The results show that EHFSW can reduce the plunge force significantly with the help of localised electrical heating during the pin plunge stage, which may imply lower tool wear when compared with conventional FSW. At the same time, in the welding stage, the simulation results indicate that the welding speed of the EHFSW process can be at least two times faster than that of the conventional FSW process. Thus, finite element analysis shows that EHFSW is a promising process and could reduce tool wear while improving the welding speed, especially for high melting/O point materials.     

Review on underwater friction stir welding: A variant of friction stir welding with great potential of improving joint properties

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process which is capable of joining materials which are relatively difficult to be welded by fusion welding process. Further, this process is highly energy-efficient and environmental-friendly as compared to the fusion welding. Despite several advantages of FSW over fusion welding, the thermal cycles involved in FSW cause softening in joints generally in heat-treatable aluminum alloys (AAs) due to the dissolution or coarsening of the strengthening precipitates leading to decrease in mechanical properties. Underwater friction stir welding (UFSW) can be a process of choice to overcome these limitations. This process is suitable for alloys that are sensitive to heating during the welding and is widely used for heat-treatable AAs. The purpose of this article is to provide comprehensive literature review on current status and development of UFSW and its importance in comparison to FSW with an aim to discuss and summarize different aspects of UFSW. Specific attention is given to basic principle including material flow, temperature generation, process parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties. From the review, it is concluded that UFSW is an improved method compared with FSW for improving joint strength. Academicians, researchers and practitioners would be benefitted from this article as it compiles significantly important knowledge pertaining to UFSW.     

强制冷却搅拌摩擦焊接工艺

搅拌摩擦焊接在工业生产中应用的主要问题之一,是焊接硬化状态材料时接头强度系数较低.简要分析了焊接热对接头强度的影响,提出了在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中进行强制冷却的工艺方法.对比了强制冷却对紫铜搅拌摩擦焊接头表面状况、硬度分布和接头性能的影响,建立了强制冷却搅拌摩擦焊接过程中焊接区温度的近似表达式.结果表明,在紫铜搅拌焊接过程中进行强制冷却,可以降低焊接过程中焊缝及热力影响区变形金属的温度,减小接头软化的程度和范围,提高搅拌摩擦焊接接头的性能.采用转速1 500 r/min、移动速度0.3 mm/s的强制冷却的工艺方法,得到的紫铜搅拌摩擦焊接头抗拉强度达269 MPa.