深井软岩巷道底板卸压钢丝绳网锚注支护技术研究

针对平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司一矿深井软岩回风上山巷道工程地质条件和围岩变形特征,采用数值计算方法,研究了底板卸压槽卸压前后巷道围岩应力场、塑性区的变化规律,分析了底板卸压槽卸压机理,提出了钢丝绳网锚注支护技术,并进行了工业性试验。研究结果表明:(1)巷道底板开掘卸压槽卸压后,底板围岩垂直应力和水平应力的高应力区及其峰值应力均向底板深部转移。卸压后底板同一深度的围岩应力均小于卸压前的围岩应力;卸压后巷道顶底板和两帮围岩的塑性区范围均增大,底板卸压效果明显。(2)深井巷道围岩的破碎区和部分塑性区是支护的重点。回风上山巷道采取开挖底板卸压槽、钢丝绳网锚杆支护和围岩注浆加固等支护措施后,在围岩中形成了锚注体支护圈,提高了围岩的强度和自身承载能力。巷道围岩经历加速变形阶段、减速变形阶段和稳定变形阶段后,一直处于稳定变形状态。卸压槽+钢丝绳网锚注支护在回风上山巷道的支护试验取得成功,可为深井软岩巷道支护提供参考依据。     

数值模拟软岩巷道支护技术研究

软岩巷道多具有高应力、变形大、难支护等工程特征,单一支护方式难以控制围岩变形.通过对围岩变形机理、破坏过程分析研究,利用模拟围岩变形破坏的RFPA计算软件,建立了数值计算力学模型.对软岩巷道围岩变形破坏、应力转移过程进行模拟分析,为软岩巷道支护方案设计提供了依据.     

数值模拟软岩巷道支护技术研究

软岩巷道多具有高应力、变形大、难支护等工程特征,单一支护方式难以控制围岩变形.通过对围岩变形机理、破坏过程分析研究,利用模拟围岩变形破坏的RFPA计算软件,建立了数值计算力学模型.对软岩巷道围岩变形破坏、应力转移过程进行模拟分析,为软岩巷道支护方案设计提供了依据.     

深部巷道组合钢架合理支护间距数值模拟研究

为确定深部巷道组合钢架合理支护间距,有效控制深部巷道围岩变形,提高巷道施工机械化水平,以焦作煤业集团赵固(新乡)能源有限责任公司赵固二矿11071工作面回风巷为研究背景,采用三维有限差分软件对深部巷道6种支护方案的围岩变形、应力和塑性区分布进行对比分析.结果表明:深部巷道围岩变形和塑性区分布受围岩局部让压效应影响显著;在巷道拱顶、拱底以及两帮与底板交接部位均易出现应力集中现象;巷道开挖引起的岩体破坏以剪切破坏为主.根据数值模拟试验得出了深部巷道组合钢架合理支护间距,优选出的最佳支护方案可以减缓围岩变形,改善围岩应力状态,减少围岩塑性破坏范围,从而提高深部巷道围岩的稳定性.     

深部开采软岩巷道耦合支护数值模拟研究

通过对深部开采软岩巷道的变形破坏机理的研究发现，巷道变形破坏主要是由于支护体力学特性与围岩力学特性在强度、刚度以及结构上出现不耦合所造成的；且变形首先从关键部位开始，进而导致整个支护系统的失稳．因此，要保证深部软岩巷道围岩的稳定性．必须实现支护体与围岩的耦合．数值模拟研究表明，当锚杆与围岩在刚度上实现耦合时，能最大限度地发挥锚杆对围岩的加固作用；当锚网与围岩在强度上实现耦合时，将会使围岩的应力场和位移场趋于均匀化；当锚索与围岩在结构上耦合时，可以充分利用深部围岩强度来实现对浅部围岩的支护．实践证明，软岩巷道耦合支护可以有效解决深部开采软岩巷道支护问题。     

深部软岩巷道立体交叉硐室群稳定性分析

为了确定巷道开挖顺序对硐室群稳定性的影响,运用三维有限差分数值计算软件FLAC^3D,结合鹤岗矿务局兴安矿四水平泵房吸水井硐室群工程实例,分析了深部软岩巷道立体交叉硐室群围岩由于开挖顺序的不同而产生不同的位移变形与应力状态的力学响应及变形特性．结果表明：深部软岩巷道立体交叉硐室群的开挖过程是和应力路径与应力历史密切相关的非线性不可逆过程,开挖顺序不同,巷道围岩的位移及应力分布情况有明显的差别．先施工断面小的支巷,再施工断面大的主巷对硐室群稳定性影响最小．     

软岩隧道(巷道)实用控制技术研究

软岩、极软岩巷道具有高地压、难支护和持续变形破坏工程特征，实践表明，现有支护难以耦合控制．文章通过对软岩工程特征、变形破坏机理分析研究，提出了软岩控制和复合型软岩向单一型转化控制的技术方法和实用支护对策．经工业性试验、应力监测表明，控制了围岩的强烈变形、保证了巷道的稳定，具有显著的技术经济效益．     

一种协调控制巷道围岩变形的新型支架

针对现有支护方式不能有效控制部分软岩巷道围岩变形的状况,提出一种协调控制围岩变形支架来提高巷道围岩支护力,进而减少巷道整体变形量.介绍了该新型支架的结构组成及工作原理,并进行了力学分析.该支架结构简单、操作方便、无材料消耗、可重复使用,可用于协调控制回采巷道、软岩巷道等大变形巷道的变形.随着深部矿井开采力度的加大,协调控制深部巷道围岩的新型支架将具有较好的推广应用价值.     

深部大规模松软围岩巷道破坏分区理论分析

综合考虑巷道破坏特征及典型软岩应力应变曲线特征,对深部巷道松软围岩进行破坏分区,提出了适合破坏分区的四线段本构模型,建立了深部大规模松软围岩巷道应力分析的力学模型,推导了不同破坏分区应力解,得出了界定各破坏分区范围的表达式,结合具体工程验证了巷道破坏分区划分的正确性和合理性.研究表明:深部松软巷道围岩自巷道向外分别为塑性流动区、应变软化区、塑性硬化区和弹性区4个分区,各分区临界应力满足Mohr-Coulomb准则;围岩塑性区的范围随支护阻力、应变硬化系数、应变软化系数以及内摩擦角的增大而减小,随扩容系数的增大而增大;各分区范围的理论解能够有效指导支护设计,实现对深部大规模松软围岩巷道的长期稳定.     

三软综放沿空锚网索支护巷道回采期间围岩变形特征

针对三软综放沿空巷道围岩大变形、难支护的特点,提出采用锚网索支护新技术,通过对试验巷道数值模拟以及表面位移、围岩深部位移和围岩应力的现场监测,分析了试验巷道矿压显现活动规律,掌握了试验巷道在锚网索支护下的围岩变形规律,这为锚网索支护在三软煤层巷道的推广应用和支护参数设计提供了科学依据.     

围岩自承岩环的力学分析

根据力学分析和有限元计算,研究了围岩自承岩环的实质和效果。     

岩体结构影响下覆岩冒落及地表岩移特征研究

采用数值方法对岩体结构影响下覆岩冒落及地表岩移特征进行了研究.采矿过程中,覆岩冒落呈现缓慢-快速周期性发展;地表岩移发展主要由急倾斜节理控制,总体上以横向扩展为主;开采区域内岩移发展受断层的影响大于节理的影响,断层倾角的减小将增加其上盘岩体的弱化效应,可能导致岩体发生倾倒破坏,增加地表岩移范围.     

Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock of broken and soft rock roadway

A similar material model and a numerical simulation were constructed and are described herein. The deformation and failure of surrounding rock of broken and soft roadway are studied by using these models. The deformation of the roof and floor, the relative deformation of the two sides and the deformation of the deep surrounding rock are predicted using the model. Measurements in a working mine are compared to the results of the models. The results show that the surrounding rock shows clear rheological features under high stress conditions. Deformation is unequally distributed across the whole section. The surrounding rock exhibited three deformation stages: displacement caused by stress concentration, rheological displacement after the digging effects had stabilized and displacement caused by supporting pressure of the roadway. Floor heave was serious, accounting for 65% of the total deformation of the roof and floor. Floor heave is the main reason for failure of the surrounding rock. The reasons for deformation of the surrounding rock are discussed based on the similar material and numerical simulations.     

Gas-dynamic phenomena caused by rock mass tremors and rock bursts

Similar to coal, rock and gas ejections, rock mass tremors and rock bursts are among the most serious natural hazards accompanying the underground extraction of coal. Gas-dynamic phenomena caused by rock mass tremors and rock bursts observed as transient states of air parameters in mining headings,are usually generated as a result of a change in the geometry of headings and the release of considerable amounts of gases. Particular significance is attributed to transient states caused by disasters, which are often accompanied by rapid incidents, presenting threats to the life and health of the underground crew.In Polish mining there are known examples of transient states of air parameters recorded during gasdynamic phenomena, e.g. tremors and rock bursts. The paper presents the case studies of rapid seismic incidents to show how records in mine monitoring systems broaden the knowledge about the transient states of air parameters in mining headings generated because of them.     

深井软岩表面变形随围岩性质变化分析

依据理论分析得出的圆形巷道围岩表面变形计算公式,分析了原岩性质对围岩表面变形影响。分析结果表明：随原岩应力增加,不同岩性围岩表面变形增长速率不同,深井软弱围岩表面变形显著;通过注浆法改变围岩性质,提高围岩粘结力和内摩擦角是减少围岩表面变形,保持围岩稳定较为有效的手段。     

岩巷爆破围岩损伤演化方程及稳定性分析

本文以岩体微观缺陷的分布和Weibull理论为基础 ,定义了一个损伤变量。通过该损伤变量推倒的损伤演化方程 ,不仅表征了岩体的不可逆动态损伤演化过程 ,而且和微观缺陷的起裂、扩展和传播以及岩体性能的劣化建立了联系。并且 ,根据损伤理论对岩巷爆破围岩的稳定性进行了分析     

Determination of ejection velocity of rock fragments during rock burst in consideration of damage

The ejection velocity of rock fragments during rock burst, one of the important indexes representing the rock burst strength, is used most conveniently in the supporting design of tunnel with rock burst tendency and is often determined by means of observation devices. In order to calculate the average ejection velocity of rock fragments theoretically, the energy of rock burst was divided into damage consuming energy and kinetic energy gained by unit volume of rock firstly, and then the rock burst kinetic proportional coefficient η was brought up which could be determined according to the rock-burst damage energy index WD, at last the expression of the average ejection velocity of rock fragments during rock burst was obtained and one deep level underground tunnel was researched using the mentioned method. The results show that the calculation method is valid with or without considering the tectonic stress of tunnels, and that the method can be a reference for supporting design of deep mining.     

Failure precursor of surrounding rock mass around cross tunnel in high-steep rock slope

The stability of the surrounding rock mass around cross tunnel in the right bank slope of Dagangshan hydropower station, in the southwestern China, was analyzed by microseismic monitoring as well as numerical simulations. The realistic failure process analysis code (abbreviated as RFPA3D ) was employed to reproduce the initiation, propagation, coalescence and interactions of micro-fractures, the evolution of associated stress fields and acoustic emission (AE) activities during the whole failure processes of the surrounding rock mass around cross tunnel. Combined with microseismic activities by microseismic monitoring on the right bank slope, the spatial-temporal evolution and the micro-fracture precursor characteristics during the complete process of progressive failure of the surrounding rock mass around cross tunnel were discussed and the energy release law of the surrounding rock mass around the cross tunnel was obtained. The result shows that the precursor characteristic of microfractures occurring in rock mass is an effective approach to early warn catastrophic damage of rock mass around cross tunnel. Moreover, the heterogeneity of rock mass is the source and internal cause of the failure precursor of rock mass.     

岩石类型与水层赋存状态对地面NMR的影响

本文根据流体介质的NMR平均衰减时间T2 (ms)的大小对含水岩石类型进行了划分 ,然后按含水岩层孔隙度大小讨论和大小的关系 ,对T2 值和NMR信号振幅的影响也作了讨论 ,列出了二者之间的数学表达式 ;第二部分就含水层的赋存状态 (含水层深度、含水量 )和NMR的关系进行了探讨。     

Effect of rock composition microstructure and pore characteristics on its rock mechanics properties

This paper is to study the influence of composition, microstructure and pore characteristics on the rock mechanical properties. Five kinds of sandstone compositions were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction instrument. And the microstructure was observed by using scanning electron microscope. Then the pore distribution characteristic was investigated by using the low field nuclear magnetic resonance equipment. Finally, the uniaxial compression test was carried out to investigate the mechanical characteristics by using RMT150C mechanics experimental system and the uniaxial compressive strength, Poisson's ratio and elastic modulus were obtained. Compared to the analysis of the composition, structure and pore distribution and mechanical properties of the five kinds of sandstones, the relationship among composition,structure, pore distribution and mechanical properties was obtained. The results show that the composition, microstructure, pore distribution and mechanical properties of sandstone are closely related.With the decrease of feldspar and quartz particles, the compressive strength and elastic modulus increase, while the porosity decreases.