基于切削力的PCBN复合片表面摩擦系数研究

实验使用四种不同成分的PCBN复合片刀具切削淬硬轴承钢GCr15,利用Kistler测力仪测量四种刀具在相同的刀具几何角度、切削用量下的切削力,研究刀具在相同切削条件下的切削力、摩擦力及摩擦系数的差异.结果表明,PCBN复合片的粘结剂、CBN晶粒含量和大小的不同对切削淬硬轴承钢GCr15时的切削力和摩擦系数均有较大影响:导热性较差的陶瓷粘结剂的复合片切削力、摩擦系数明显小于采用金属粘结剂的复合片,并且TiAlCN陶瓷粘结剂复合片的值最小;四种刀具中CBN晶粒的颗粒度越小,含量越少,切削力和摩擦系数越小.     

氮化铬铝涂层PCBN刀具旋风硬铣切屑宏观特征研究

氮化铬铝具有比氮化钛铝更高的硬度和抗氧化性,能否作为PCBN刀具的涂层需要进行试验研究验证.通过对氮化铬铝涂层PCBN刀具在硬态旋风铣削淬硬钢GCr15平均硬度为63.5HRC)加工中,选用不同的切削参数、冷却方式和刀具个数的研究,从而得出氮化铬铝涂层PCBN刀具旋风硬铣加工的特点和应用范围,对涂层刀具的研究和切屑预报研究提供了依据.     

PCBN刀具切削性能和磨损机理研究综述

聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀具是继聚晶金刚石刀具之后的又一种超硬刀具,以其独特的“以车代磨”、“硬态加工”、“干式切削”等方式被誉为21世纪的绿色环保刀具。PCBN刀具在金属切削方面具有广泛的应用,主要用来加工各种淬硬钢、耐磨铸铁等铁基材料。本文介绍了PCBN刀具成分、几何形状、切削参数等对其切削性能的影响,在此基础上分析了不同材料加工时刀具的主要磨损机理,还简单对比了硬质合金和PCBN刀具切削性能上的差异。      

高速切削GCr15切削力的仿真与实验研究

应用Deform-3D软件建立刀具-工件三维有限元模型,研究了PCBN刀具高速切削GCr15淬硬钢的切削机理,得出不同切削参数下切削力的变化规律,通过对模拟结果进行分析获得了最优切削参数。在最优切削参数下进行切削实验,结果发现:在切削深度和进给量不变的情况下,不同切削速度下的切削力模拟值与实验值变化趋势是一致的,并且其误差不超过10%,这表明利用Deform-3D有限元软件建立三维切削模型可以有效模拟PCBN刀具高速切削GCr15轴承钢的切削过程。     

PCBN刀具断续车削淬硬钢的试验研究

为了探索PCBN刀具在断续切削条件下刀具的破损规律,选用两种不同的PCBN刀具,在不同强度的断续方式及不同的切削速度下,对淬硬钢进行车削试验研究。根据试验条件,观察了刀具前、后刀面的磨损及破损情况,分析了刀具的失效机理,比较了刀具的切削寿命。结果表明：断续强度严重影响PCBN刀具的使用寿命,断续强度越高,刀具寿命越低;在相同强度的断续条件下,切削速度影响刀具的使用寿命,切削速度越高,刀具的寿命越低;本实验所用的断续条件下,刀具的失效判据为崩刃。     

PCBN刀具高速切削淬硬轴承钢的磨损机理研究

采用美国D.I.公司生产的BZN9000作为刀具材料制成PCBN刀具,在沈阳机床厂生产的CA6140A车床上对GCr15淬硬轴承钢进行高速切削试验。对切削试验后刀具的前、后刀面进行SEM形貌观察和EDS能谱分析,结果表明:PCBN刀具在高速切削过程中,机械磨损、黏着扩散磨损和化学磨损是刀具磨损的主要形式;前刀面磨损主要为月牙洼磨损,切削刃处、月牙洼后、前刀面处的黏着元素扩散比月牙洼底部还要严重;对后刀面的WDS线能谱分析证实,切削刃处的黏着元素扩散比后刀面要严重。      

PCBN刀具干式车削淬硬钢的试验研究

通过切削试验,得出了聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀具干式车削渗碳淬硬钢20CrMnTi时的刀具耐用度及其与切削速度的关系曲线,建立了刀具耐用度与切削速度的经验公式,并研究了加工的表面粗糙度.     

硬态干式车削渗碳淬硬钢切削力试验研究

使用硬质合金刀具、陶瓷刀具对渗碳淬硬钢20CrMnTi进行干式车削试验,通过测量不同切削条件下切削力的值,得出了切削深度、进给量、切削速度对切削力的影响规律,建立了3个经验公式.试验结果还表明:加工渗碳淬硬钢和通用钢时,切削用量对切削力的影响规律基本相同.     

PCBN刀片新牌号的开发与应用

自从几十年前材料科学家们采用类似合成人造金刚石的工艺方法首次合成出聚晶立方氮化硼（PCBN）以来，PCBN刀具在机械加工中的应用已日渐广泛。PCBN材料的硬度仅次于金刚石，但与金刚石刀具不同的是，PCBN刀具能够用于切削加工铁族合金，甚至包括硬度高于60HRC的淬硬钢。     

PCBN刀具干湿切削加工淬硬钢时的磨损对比

本文研究了在一定切削参数下干、湿式切削加工淬硬钢时四种PCBN刀具的刀具寿命、磨损形式和磨损机理。通过扫描电子显微镜观察不同切削行程下刀尖形貌和刀具后刀面磨损量,并对刀具前后刀面进行能谱分析。结果表明湿式切削时的后刀面磨损量小于干式切削,说明刀具湿切比干切时具有较好的性能;PCBN刀具的磨损形式有前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损,其中前刀面磨损的表现形式为月牙洼磨损,磨损机理为机械磨损、氧化磨损和黏结剂磨损,而后刀面磨损机理有机械磨损、氧化磨损、黏结剂磨损和扩散磨损等;同时还发现CBN含量下降,刀具的后刀面磨损量也有下降趋势,即刀具的切削寿命有延长趋势。     

PCBN刀具干车淬硬钢时倒棱前角对切削力和刀具磨损的影响

PCBN刀具磨出负倒棱是为了加强刀具的刃口强度，以减少刀具加工时可能出现的破损情况。本文通过对PCBN刀具加工淬硬轴承钢GCr15的一系列试验数据加以分析，得出倒棱前角和切削力、刀具磨损之间的关系，进而得出在实际加工情况下应该采用的最佳倒棱前角值。试验表明：当倒棱前角取15度且切削速度为125m／s时，刀具具有最好的加工效果，不但切削力可以达到最小值，刀具磨损最轻，而且刀具寿命也达到了最大值。     

Statistical analysis of surface roughness and cutting forces using response surface methodology in hard turning of AISI 52100 bearing steel with CBN tool

The present work concerns an experimental study of hard turning with CBN tool of AISI 52100 bearing steel, hardened at 64 HRC. The main objectives are firstly focused on delimiting the hard turning domain and investigating tool wear and forces behaviour evolution versus variations of workpiece hardness and cutting speed. Secondly, the relationship between cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) and machining output variables (surface roughness, cutting forces) through the response surface methodology (RSM) are analysed and modeled. The combined effects of the cutting parameters on machining output variables are investigated while employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The quadratic model of RSM associated with response optimization technique and composite desirability was used to find optimum values of machining parameters with respect to objectives (surface roughness and cutting force values). Results show how much surface roughness is mainly influenced by feed rate and cutting speed. Also, it is underlined that the thrust force is the highest of cutting force components, and it is highly sensitive to workpiece hardness, negative rake angle and tool wear evolution. Finally, the depth of cut exhibits maximum influence on cutting forces as compared to the feed rate and cutting speed.     

Tool wear and machining performance of cBN–TiN coated carbide inserts and PCBN compact inserts in turning AISI 4340 hardened steel

PCBN is the dominant tool material for hard turning applications due to its high hardness, high wear resistance, and high thermal stability. However, the inflexibility of fabricating PCBN inserts with complex tool geometries and the prohibitive cost of PCBN inserts are some of the concerns in furthering the implementation of CBN based materials for hard turning. In this paper, we present the results of a thorough investigation of cBN plus TiN (cBN–TiN) composite-coated, commercial grade, carbide inserts (CNMA 432, WC–Co (6% Co)) for hard turning applications in an effort to address these concerns. The effect of cutting speed and feed rate on tool wear (tool life), surface roughness, and cutting forces of the cBN–TiN coated carbide inserts was experimented and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique, and the cutting conditions for their maximum tool life were evaluated. The tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting forces of the cBN–TiN coated and commercially available PCBN tipped inserts were compared under similar cutting conditions. Both flank wear and crater wear were observed. The flank wear is mainly due to abrasive actions of the martensite present in the hardened AISI 4340 alloy. The crater wear of the cBN–TiN coated inserts is less than that of the PCBN inserts because of the lubricity of TiN capping layer on the cBN–TiN coating. The coated CNMA 432 inserts produce a good surface finish (<1.6 μm) and yield a tool life of about 18 min per cutting edge. In addition, cost analysis based on total machining cost per part was performed for the comparison of the economic viability between the cBN–TiN coated and PCBN inserts.     

Machinability of hardened steel using alumina based ceramic cutting tools

Alumina based ceramic cutting tool is an attractive alternative for carbide tools in the machining of steel in its hardened condition. These ceramic cutting tools can machine with high cutting speed and produce good surface finish. The wear mechanism of these ceramic cutting tools should be properly understood for greater utilization. Two types of ceramic cutting tools namely Ti[C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool and zirconia toughened alumina ceramic cutting tool are used for our investigation. The machinability of hardened steel was evaluated by measurements of tool wear, cutting forces and surface finish of the work piece. These alumina based ceramic cutting tool materials produce good surface finish in the machining of hardened steel. In this paper an attempt is made to analyse the important wear mechanisms like abrasive wear, adhesive wear and diffusion wear of these ceramic cutting tool materials and the performance of these ceramic cutting tools related to the surface finish is also discussed here.     

Hard turning in continuous and interrupted cut with PCBN and whisker-reinforced cutting tools

PCBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) is the most widely used material for tools employed in hardened steel turning applications due to its high hardness, wear resistance and thermal stability. However, its high costs severely limit its use. Alumina-based ceramics reinforced with whiskers, an alternative and less expensive material for these tools, has been used successfully in turning interrupted surfaces. The objective of this work is to investigate the conditions under which PCBN and ceramic tools can promote optimal results in the turning of hardened steel with continuous and interrupted surfaces. These tools were used in the radial turning of hardened steel with three types of surfaces: continuous surfaces and surfaces with 4 and 8 interruptions. The results indicated that, in continuous turning, the longest tool life was achieved using PCBN, but similar tool longevity was attained in interrupted turning using both PCBN and ceramic. In terms of roughness, the PCBN tools showed better results for continuous and interrupted surfaces.     

淬火钢加工用PCBN新材料的研制

结合淬火钢加工特点及PCBN烧结原理,设计开发了一种适于淬火钢加工用CB–600新材料。运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察、切削实验、以及客户实际使用等方法对CB–600、国内同类产品FP–1及国外同类产品DP–1进行了性能对比分析。SEM检测结果表明:CB–600与DP–1均具有均匀致密的组织结构。连续车削淬火钢实验表明:CB–600具有较好的耐磨性,其后刀面磨损量比DP–1大40%,比FP–1小68%。断续车削实验表明:CB–600和FP–1经过4万次断续冲击后切削刃完好无崩损,而DP–1经过2.7万次断续冲击时发生较大崩刃。客户实际使用表明:CB–600能够加工的淬火钢零件件数比FP–1多1倍以上。因此,CB–600具有较优异的淬火钢加工性能。     

Experimental study on ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of hardened steel using PCD tools

Diamond tools cannot usually be applied for machining hardened steels while applying conventional cutting technique. As an alternative, ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) technique was successfully applied for obtaining mirror surface on such steels using single crystal diamond (SCD) tools. In order to reduce production cost without compromising mirror surface quality, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools may be tested against highly expensive SCD tools. However, study on machining of hardened steel using PCD tools applying the UEVC technique has not yet been reported. The current research presents an experimental study on UEVC of hardened stainless steel (a typical Stavax, hardness 49 HRC) using the PCD tools. Face turning experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of three machining parameters: nominal depth of cut, feed rate, and nominal cutting speed on output performances such as cutting force, tool flank wear, surface roughness, and chip formation. Experimental results show that nominal cutting speed has very strong influence on the output performances, compared to the other two parameters. The surface roughness improves with a decrease in cutting speed. A mirror-like surface of approximately 804 mm² with a roughness value R_a of 11 nm was achieved at a lower cutting speed. Theoretical explanations have been given to support the results drawn from the UEVC experiments. It can be concluded that, while applying the UEVC technique, the inexpensive PCD tools instead of the SCD tools can be effectively applied to obtain optical surface for producing precise molds from the hardened steel.