产学研合作中的知识产权利益平衡与风险防范

产学研合作涉及科研成果保护、创新成果权益归属、成果转化利益分享、风险承担及成果后续研发过程中的权利义务关系等一系列问题,这些问题与知识产权密切相关,能否妥善处理这些问题关系着产学研合作的成败。揭示产学研合作中知识产权问题产生的原因,规避产学研合作中知识产权潜在风险和矛盾,对促进产学研合作深入开展具有重要的意义。     

产学研协同创新中知识产权共享的法律依据与规则

协同创新作为我国创新体系的重要构成部分,对于推动知识进步、科技成果运用具有重要意义。产学研协同创新是一种资源、技术、知识共享的合作形式,有利于推动知识进步、技术研发和成果运用。但是,由于产学研协同主体成分复杂,且各主体之间的发展目标和理念有所差异,因而在产学研协同创新中知识产权利益分配方面存在分歧,为此,需要进一步明晰合作主体的知识产权共享规制,为促进产学研协同创新中知识产权共享目标的实现提供法律依据。     

产学研协同创新促进国家科技计划专利成果转化

国家科技计划项目是国家科技创新投入的重要形式,并且越来越多的国家科技计划项目成果由产学研协同创新产生。对国家科技计划项目专利成果实施转化状况调查显示,产学研协同创新有利于促进科技计划项目专利成果的许可、转让、产业化实施等,因此在国家科技计划项目执行中应该加强产学研协同创新,提高企业参与程度,同时发挥中介机构在产学研合作中的纽带作用,提高中介机构服务科技成果转化的能力,引导更多金融资本投资于科技成果的应用和产业化中。     

河南工业大学土木建筑学院产学研合作创新模式分析

产学研合作是现代高等教育发展的趋势,产学研合作不仅能够提升企业自身的创新能力和核心竞争力,而且能够促进高校的发展,促进科技成果的转化;同时可以提高大学生的实践与科技创新能力。本文以河南工业大学土木建筑学院为例,对其进行产学研合作创新的组织模式进行分析。     

高校科技成果转化的制约因素与对策

高校具有自主知识产权的重大原始创新成果在我国建设创新型国家过程中位置举足轻重,然而,在高校科技成果转化中仍然存在诸多问题,且要面对多个因素的制约。因此,应优化科技成果转化激励体系,加强产学研合作,建立企业主体型的R&D经费投入机制,健全高校科技成果转化的中介体系,完善风险投资体系以期解决存在的问题及制约因素。     

校企产学研合作存在问题及对策研究

通过产学研的紧密结合,将高校的创新成果加快转化为产业优势,从而推动区域经济的增长,已经成为高校发展的一个重要命题。本文对现行校企产学研技术开发、技术转让、共建实体等合作模式进行了分析,认为目前的校企产学研合作存在:实质合作模式单一,项目立项创新水平有待提升,缺乏统一的管理评价标准等问题,结合这些问题从国家政策、科技创新、评价标准、交流学习等方面提出了相应的对策,以期为产学研的长足发展提供一定的借鉴。     

工程

中国建筑设计研究院与绿地集团启动全面战略合作 近日，中国建筑设计研究院与绿地集团就工程建设、高新技术创新与应用等领域的全面合作签署了战略协议。建筑技术研发单位与龙头企业的合作，将有利于系统髌合社会优质资源并实现产学研一体化，为研发成果的落实与应用提供有效平台，并提升房地产业科技优势，促进产业转型升级。     

加强“四螺旋”互动 提高产学研合作中的知识转移效率

高校及科研院所、政府和中介机构的知识、信息能否顺畅、迅速地流向企业是产学研合作成败的关键。根据产学研合作知识转移不同类型对应的不同影响因素,以及围绕知识转移的四螺旋模型,产学研合作参与各方应采取加大资金投入、加强合作意识、成立服务联盟等措施,进一步提升产学研合作中的知识转移及成果转化效率。     

产学研合作的制约因素及对策建议

我国产学研合作中还存在很多限制性因素,影响高校、科研院所、企业的合作积极性和合作效果,因此,要对高校产学研合作进行创新,不断提升产学研合作的市场化水平,高校应对教师评估体制进行改革,政府应确立对合作创新模式的支持政策,促进高校产学研合作的规模层次和效益水平。     

谈如何有效开展初中语文的写作教学

特色中医药产业是云南省生物医药大健康产业的重要组成部分。灯盏花是云南特色中草药之一,因此,灯盏花也是"云药"产业的发展重点之一。通过对灯盏花产业中国专利和云南专利布局研究,分析灯盏花产业领域研发热点、发展趋势及技术布局特点,提出促进云南省灯盏花产业发展的三点建议:巩固和发展本省在灯盏花人工栽培技术和规模化种植的优势地位;加强产学研合作力度,深化灯盏花基础研究领域专利布局;制定知识产权战略,加强本省企业在专利技术研发、转化实施、专利保护、诉讼维权等方面形成合作机制,提升本省企业的知识产权应对能力,增强企业核心竞争力。     

Quantities and associations of lead, zinc, cadmium, manganese, chromium, nickel, vanadium, and copper in fresh Mississippi delta alluvium and New Orleans alluvial soils

The topic of this study is the effect of anthropogenic metals on the geochemical quality of urban soils. This is accomplished by comparing the metal contents and associations between two alluvial soils of the lower Mississippi River Delta, freshly deposited alluvial parent materials and alluvial soils collected from a nearby urban environment. Fresh alluvium samples (n = 97) were collected from the Bonnet Carré Spillway. The urban alluvial soil samples (n = 4026) were collected from New Orleans and stratified by census tracts (n = 286). The Spillway samples tend to have less Pb and Zn than generally noted for the baseline of natural soils. Except for Mn and V, Spillway alluvium contains significantly less metal than urban soils. For Spillway samples, the median metal content (in microg g(-1)) is 4.7 Pb, 11.1 Zn, 0.7 Cd, 164 Mn, 0.8 Cr, 3.9 Ni, 3.2 V, and 3.9 Cu. For urban soils, the median metal content (in microg g(-1)) is 120 Pb, 130 Zn, 3.2 Cd, 138 Mn, 2.1 Cr, 9.8 Ni, 3.8 V, and 12.7 Cu. Metal associations also differ between Spillway alluvium and urban alluvial soils. Fresh alluvium correlation coefficients between individual metals vary from 0.87 to 0.99 (P < 10(-13)) except for Cr which ranges from 0.57 to 0.68 (P < 10(-7)). The urban soil correlation coefficients for metals and the index value are 0.40-0.98. In urban soils, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cu are dominant metals and highly associated, with a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.83 to 0.98 (P < 10(-25)). Their strong association justifies the use of GIS to map the integrated soil metal index (sum of the medians of metals by census tract) of New Orleans. Although also positively correlated (0.40-0.68, P < 10(-10)), Cd, Mn, Ni and V differ in their distribution in the city compared to Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu. Overall, significantly higher metal values occur in the inner city and lower values occur in outlying areas. The human health impact of the mixture of metals is not well understood. This study provides empirical data about the mixture and distribution of metals in New Orleans alluvial soils. Given common technical development, especially of traffic flows in cities, similar patterns of soil metals are expected for all US cities and probably international cities as well. Primary prevention of urban metal accumulations is necessary to enhance and sustain the development of urban culture.     

Comparison of photocatalysis and photolysis of malathion, isomalathion, malaoxon, and commercial malathion--products and toxicity studies

Malathion, one of the most widely applied insecticides, is still used in agriculture. There are many studies regarding its degradation under different experimental conditions, but few deal with its transformation products, i.e. malaoxon and isomalathion. Thus, malathion, malaoxon, isomalathion, and Radotion (one of its over 6000 commercial forms) were studied in terms of their degradation kinetics, identification of their transformation products, their toxicity, and their degree of mineralization, during UV photolysis (lambda = 254 nm) and TiO(2) photocatalysis (lambda = 355 nm). The degradation kinetics was similar for all four starting materials. More than 75% of theoretically expected sulfur in PS and P-S groups was oxidized after 240 min of photolysis and photocatalysis. On the other hand, less than 30% of stoichiometrically predicted amounts of phosphate was detected in the photolytic experiments, but more than 80% of expected phosphate was detected after photocatalytic treatment of all four organophosphorous materials. Several transformation products were identified by mass spectra of representative gas chromatographic peaks. Oxidation and isomerization were found as the main reactions of butenedioc acid diethyl esters and their analogs. The formation of malaoxon, isomalathion or trimethyl phosphate esters correlated well with the induced toxicity (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase), which was observed in photocatalysis of malathion and Radotion, and in photolysis of malaoxon and Radotion.     

城市风貌特色的维护、弘扬、完善和塑造

城市风貌特色鲜明是世界上绝大多数优秀城市所共有的一种品质.城市风貌特色具有历史积淀、形态延续和有序演进三大特点.我国城市风貌特色的维育应善于把握城市发展和建设机遇,树立城市人工建设和自然要素的和谐观,遵循总体调控、分区突出倾向、局部彰显特色的原则,努力构建多样统一、和而不同的城市风貌特色.     

室内、空间、环境

步入90年代室内空间设计在飞速发展,“传统”概念向模糊化发展,世界流行文化室内空间设计师越来越注重“共性化”的创造。室内空间设计更有引人注目之处。如大型复合商业设施的升级,历史文化的底蕴,自然材料的应用,高科技的应用。中国在近50年里室内空间设计有了很大的发展,今后应在“国际新文化环境”的创造方面予以更多的重视。     

厦门市生态空间规划管控历程、特征及优化策略

生态空间规划管控是实现生态空间治理和推进生态文明建设的基础.文章回顾与评价了厦门经济特区设立以来的生态空间规划管控历程,并结合国土空间规划体系改革要求和生态理念,对市级生态空间规划进行了思考,从而提出了转变规划思维、调整规划方法,统筹全市域、全要素生态空间;衔接国土空间规划、生态设计、生态修复及生态相关规划,运用"多规...     

Building,Thinking, and Politics: Mies,Heidegger, and the Nazis

The Djoser funerary complex was meant to be a house for a god and a metaphor for the sky. Today, it is usually understood that this original work of classical architecture is a vacant house of stone “from which the gods have fled.”

This difference does not have to be understood as a further sign of an irrecoverable loss of meaning. It is a historical doubling of meaning, or a duplicity. This article explores the duplicity of meaning of the Djoser complex by comparing references to architecture in the Pyramid Texts with texts of contemporary criticism, in particular, “The Pit and the Pyramid” by Jacques Derrida.     

长春科技文化综合中心

三座石质立方体即为三座博物馆．围绕在中心入口楼周围．形如风车上的叶板。这样的建筑设定清晰地表达了三座场馆的功能差异。三座立方体建筑雕塑感十足．高雅而极具个性的开放空间成为入口大堂，令三座展馆别具一格。     

Determination of Co,Cu, Fe,Hg, Mn,Sb, Se and Zn in milk samples

Concentrations of Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Sb, Se and Zn in IAEA milk (dry) standard A-11 were re-evaluated with the help of instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results show reasonably good agreement for Co (5.1 ± 0.55 ng/g) and Zn (34 ± 2.5 μg/g), in relation to the recommended values. For Cu (374 ± 15 ng/g), Fe (2.4 ± 0.34 μg/g) and Mn (250 ± 20 ng/g); the results obtained are lower than the reported values.Cu, Mn, and Zn were cross-checked by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results, Cu = 331 ± 27 ng/g, Mn = 302 ± 62 ng/g, and Zn = 35 ± 1 μg/g, fall within the range of mean values obtained by NAA.For Hg and Se, using instrumental NAA, only upper limits could be indicated; because of the low levels of concentrations of Hg and Se on one hand, and high content of P (9100 μg/g) in A-11 milk standard on the other, NAA coupled with radiochemistry is to be preferred for these two elements.In pooled human milk, in addition to Cu and Mn (radiochemical) and Co, Fe, Sb and Zn (instrumental), Hg and Se could also be determined non-destructively because of the favourable Hg/P and Se/P ratios in this matrix.