带时间约束的UML序列图的分析工具

统一建模语言(UML)是一种多用途的可视化建模语言,它可用于软件系统的规约、可视化的构造和建档.UML序列图描述了交互对象间的协作,如在实时和分布式系统中通讯实体间的信息交互.与其它的规约和设计过程类似,UML序列图的规约也易出错,所以对它进行分析是很有必要的.文章描述了一个对带时间约束的UML序列图进行分析的工具.     

带OCL约束条件的类图到Object-Z规格说明的转换

如何提高软件的可靠性是目前软件研究领域的一个热点。将形式化方法和主流的软件开发方法相结合是一个可行的方法。本文研究UML语言和Object-Z语言相结合的方法,为主流的软件开发人员所使用的图形化规格说明技术与形式方法提供的精确的分析和验证技术架起了一座桥梁。本文定义如何将带0CL约束条件的类图转换到Object-Z规格说明的方法。这样不仅可以通过支持Object-Z语言的工具采对UML语言描述的系统性质进行验证和确认,而且能够帮助规格说明人员方便地构造Object-Z规格说明。     

UML活动图的操作语义

越来越多的系统采用UML(unified model language, 统一建模语言)作为建模语言来进行系统分析和设计. UML活动图是UML语言中描述系统动态行为的一种方法,它广泛地运用于业务建模.由于UML活动图缺乏精确的动态语义,所以不利于对其所描述的系统进行形式化的分析、验证和确认.为解决这一问题,根据UML1.5语义文档,给出UML活动图的形式化操作语义.首先给出UML活动图的形式化的语法,然后详细地定义了活动图的格局和变迁,最后基于LTS给出了活动图的演绎规则.主要工作是：引入状态包的概念,使得描述更加清楚、完善;通过LTS定义活动图的操作语义,并详细阐述演绎规则,从而获得活动图的全局状态转移图,使定义的操作语义很容易地应用到形式化验证中.该语义覆盖了UML活动图的绝大部分特征,为对UML活动图进行模型检验奠定了基础.     

UML Statechart图的操作语义

面向对象标准建模语言UML(unified modeling language)缺乏精确的动态语义.根据UML1.1语义文档,提出描述对象状态机的UML Statechart图的形式化操作语义.该语义覆盖了UML Statechart图的绝大部分特征,为UML Statechart图的代码产生、模拟和测试用例生成奠定了基础.根据上述语义,基于Rose98完成了UML Statechart图的测试用例生成和测试过程的模拟.     

UML活动图的正确性检测

UML(统一建模语言)活动图广泛用于软件开发过程,然而它是半形式化的模型,不能进行推理,无法保证其正确性。为了保证它的正确性,必须先把它转化为形式化模型再进行检测。现有工作已将活动图转换成变迁系统、进程代数、Petri网等模型,需要增加或丢失大量信息。本文提出一种新的方法,该方法直接将活动图转换成被称为依赖结构的形式化模型,不会增加或减少活动图的任何信息。基于依赖结构模型我们首先讨论了检测活动图的正确性方法,然后介绍相应的工具;最后用一个实例来详细说明检测过程。该工作有助于软件工程师正确地使用UML活动图对软件系统进行分析和设计。     

UML活动图的时序逻辑语义

UML活动图可以表示不同抽象级的控制流,很适合用于对系统的行为建模．但是缺乏精确的语义使得难以对它所表示的系统行为进行分析．XYZ／E是一可执行线性时序逻辑语言,既可描述系统的动态行为又可表示程序性质,用它对活动图形式化后,就可在统一的逻辑框架下分析活动图的性质．定义了一个有向图结构用以表示UML活动图,再给出其XYZ／E语义,并用一个例子说明活动图到XYZ／E的语义转换,为进一步的分析提供形式化基础．     

UML顺序图的自动验证

UML顺序图反映了系统中并发对象之间的消息交互及顺序,在软件建模中占有重要地位。该文对UML顺序图模型的自动验证方法进行了研究,在把UML顺序图转换为Promela语言后,使用模型检验器SPIN来验证系统设计模型是否满足某些关键性质需求。为了加强该方法的适用性,采用可扩展的标记语言XML文件格式定义顺序图模型的外部表示形式,该表示方法遵从OMG的XMI标准,从而使验证过程适用于不同的UML建模环境。     

UML Statechart Diagrams on the ADONIS Metamodeling Platform

The metamodeling platform ADONIS has originally been implemented for the use in business process management. Its method independency and extensive customization functionalities also allow for the application in many different other areas such as strategic management, e-learning, object-oriented systems engineering, knowledge management, and numerous others. In computer science the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the dominating standard for describing systems and behaviours. In this article it is shown how the abstract and concrete syntax of UML statechart diagrams can be described by the use of the metamodeling concepts of ADONIS.     

基于UML顺序图测试用例的生成

在分析UML模型可测试性的基础上,提出一种基于UML顺序图模型生成分布式系统测试用例方法,以系统软件配置项为对象对分布式应用典型场景进行模拟,通过解析MDL文件给出对顺序图XML的建模方案,实现一个自动生成分布式系统测试用例工具。实验结果表明,生成的测试用例达到判定覆盖的标准,具有良好的应用前景。     

图形语言的延伸——传统图形语言对平面设计的启发

在经济全球化和文化多元化同时并进的时代,设计领域各种思想发生着强烈的碰撞和融合。国外各种新思潮的涌入和渗透,动摇着我们固有的价值观与审美观,使我们的作品越来越远离民族的个性和丧失自身的话语权。本文从分析传统图形语言的艺术魅力,肯定传统图形的民族独特性入手,研究传统图形的联想和拓展。探索平面设计中图形的形象化表现,意象化表现,"形"与"意"的综合表现手法,并探讨传统图形语言在平面设计中的再现。     

基于UML2.0序列图的Web服务运行时验证方法

陆空通话标准用语(英语)的训练是空管模拟训练中的重要内容。对空管模拟训练中的语音指令自动识别问题进行了分析研究,包括:陆空通话标准用语基本特征的分析、语言模型的文法描述、指令特殊发音的识别处理、识别后处理方法以及声学模型训练方法等,并基于Sphinx-4语音识别引擎,设计实现了一个语音指令识别系统AIRS(ATC Instruction Recognizer System)。系统实验数据分析表明,声学模型训练后的语音识别正确率可以达到空管模拟训练的需求。     

Towards an ontology-based retrieval of UML Class Diagrams

Context

Software Reuse has always been an important area amongst software companies in order to increase their productivity and the quality of their products, but code reuse is not the only answer for this. Nowadays, reuse techniques proposals include software designs or even software specifications. Therefore, this research focuses on software design, specifically on UML Class Diagrams. A semantic technology has been applied to facilitate the retrieval process for an effective reuse.

Objective

This research proposes an ontology-based retrieval technique by semantic similarity in order to support effective retrieval process for UML Class Diagrams. Since UML Class Diagrams are a de facto standard in the design stages of a Software Development Process, a good technique is needed to reuse them, i.e. reusing during the design stage instead of just the coding stages.

Method

An application ontology modeled using UML specifications was designed to compare UML Class Diagram element types. To measure their similarity, a survey was conducted amongst UML experts. Query expansion was improved by a domain ontology supporting the retrieval phase. The calculus of minimal distances in ontologies was solved using a shortest path algorithm.

Results

The case study shows the domain ontology importance in the UML Class Diagram retrieval process as well as the importance of an element type expansion method, such as an application ontology. A correlation between the query complexity and retrieved elements has been identified, by analyzing results. Finally, a positive Return of Investment (ROI) was estimated using Poulin’s Model.

Conclusion

Because Software Reuse has not to be limited to the coding stage, approaches to reuse design stage must be developed, i.e. UML Class Diagrams reuse. This approach proposes a technique for UML Class Diagrams retrieval, which is one important step towards reuse. Semantic technology combined with information retrieval improves the retrieval results.     

基于UML顺序图的安全苛求软件安全性分析

安全性分析对于确保开发出符合安全性需求的软件系统非常重要。该文从安全苛求软件的建模特点出发,分析现有的安全性分析方法和UML建模语言在安全苛求软件方面的应用及优缺点。针对UML面向安全性需求建模的不足,对顺序图增加了安全性描述方法。通过车载ATP系统的建模应用验证其可行性与有效性。     

服装用图形限制关系描述语言-GCGL

文章设计了一种服装用图元限制关系描述语言GCGL。该语言是个体裁剪方式下,自动化修正模板衣片纸样时所需的重要工具。文章对GCGL的语法和操作语义进行了定义和描述。语言的基本图元定义简单,图元和限制规则的复合能力很强,语义定义容易理解和掌握。GCGL在实践应用过程中表现出很强的可扩展性和可移植性。     

基于UML活动图的功能测试场景生成方法

提出一种基于统一建模语言(UML)活动图的功能测试场景生成方法。在给出活动图形式化定义的基础上,划分并压缩循环结构模块与并发结构模块,采用带回溯的深度优先遍历法提取含有复合节点的测试场景,进行解压循环与并发。利用拓扑反蚁群算法处理并发结构模块,解决并发活动排序导致的场景爆炸问题,根据路径复杂性设置场景优先级以提高测试效率。应用结果验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

UML时间顺序图的可达性分析

对于实时系统来说,UML顺序图描述了对象之间的交互。对象之间的交互展现了系统行为的场景。本文中,我们针对描述多场景的UML顺序图组合中的可达性问题进行研究。尽管这个问题可以转换为相应的时间自动机,然后进行处理,但其转化为之后,状态空间巨大,解决的开销比较大,效率不高。针对部分可达性问题,本文采用更为高效的基于线性规划的解决方案,其思想如下:首先遍历所有到达给定节点的简单路径片断来验证可达性,随后遍历到达给定节点的并且包含所有循环至多一次的路径片断来验证可达性。由于我们并没有遍历所有路径片断,因此用本文的方法判定给定节点的可达性的时候,结果会有三种:可达,不可达和不确定。由于有些循环与可达性是无关的,我们进一步通过识别哪些循环与可达性无关,对算法进行改进。     

基于UML时序图的集成测试序列自动生成

该文研究了基于UML时序图的集成测试序列自动生成方法。该方法分析了时序图的语义信息并添加语义约束规约生成可测试模型,从中提取相关信息生成有限状态机;然后使用Wp方法构造测试序列;最后使用中国邮递员算法对Wp方法进行改进生成最优测试序列。该方法生成的测试序列长度相对较短,并能充分满足测试用例覆盖需求。     

Toward the Reverse Engineering of UML Sequence Diagrams for Distributed Java Software

This paper proposes a methodology and instrumentation infrastructure toward the reverse engineering of UML (Unified Modeling Language) sequence diagrams from dynamic analysis. One motivation is, of course, to help people understand the behavior of systems with no (complete) documentation. However, such reverse-engineered dynamic models can also be used for quality assurance purposes. They can, for example, be compared with design sequence diagrams and the conformance of the implementation to the design can thus be verified. Furthermore, discrepancies can also suggest failures in meeting the specifications. Due to size constraints, this paper focuses on the distribution aspects of the methodology we propose. We formally define our approach using metamodels and consistency rules. The instrumentation is based on aspect-oriented programming in order to alleviate the effort overhead usually associated with source code instrumentation. A case study is discussed to demonstrate the applicability of the approach on a concrete example     

Automatic Generation of UML Class Diagrams for Object-oriented Design and Programing Course

UML Class diagram generation from textual requirements is an important task in object-oriented design and programing course. This study proposes a method for automatically generating class diagrams from Chinese textual requirements on the basis of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and mapping rules for sentence pattern matching. First, classes are identified through entity recognition rules and candidate class pruning rules using NLP from requirements. Second, class attributes and relationships between classes are extracted using mapping rules for sentence pattern matching on the basis of NLP. Third, we developed an assistant tool integrated into a precision micro classroom system for automatic generation of class diagram, to effectively assist the teaching of object-oriented design and programing course. Results are evaluated with precision, accuracy and recall from eight requirements of object-oriented design and programing course using truth values created by teachers. Our research should benefit beginners of object-oriented design and programing course, who may be students or software developers. It helps them to create correct domain models represented in the UML class diagram.