AZ31镁合金变形与强韧化研究

研究了AZ31镁合金组织的演变过程和力学性能,结果表明:通过挤压变形及动态再结晶,可以显著细化合金晶粒,其尺寸可由约100μm减少到5μm;二次变形可以提高镁合金的抗拉强度。可见塑性变形是同时实现镁合金构件成形和强韧化的有效途径。     

细晶粒AZ31(Ce)镁合金板材的组织与性能

研究了稀土元素Ce对Mg-AL-Zn系AZ31镁合金板材轧制、退火后组织与性能的影响，探讨了细晶粒镁合金的塑性变形机理。结果表明，AZ31(Ce)合金轧制变形及退火后，可以获得尺寸十分细小的晶粒(约10μm)，变形能力进一步提高。细晶粒镁合金在变形过程中有多种变形机制共同作用，在大尺寸晶粒中，变形机制以滑移和孪生为主，而在小尺寸晶粒(约10μm)中，晶界滑动机制发挥了重要作用，它可以协调大尺寸晶粒的变形对提高镁合金变形能力起有益的补充，有效地提高镁合金的轧制变形能力。     

镁合金塑性变形机制

针对不同晶粒尺寸的镁合金AZ31及添加稀土Ce或Nd的AZ31Ce/AZ31Nd的轧制变形行为,探讨了滑移、孪生和晶界滑动三种变形机制在镁合金塑性变形过程中的作用.结果表明:多种变形机制共同作用可提高镁合金在热变形时的塑性变形能力;合金热变形及再结晶退火后,在平均晶粒尺寸为50 μm以上的大晶粒中,变形机制以滑移和孪生为主,位错运动和增殖会使位错在变形过程中互相缠结、钉扎以及受晶界的阻碍而终止运动;孪生容易发生在不利于滑移的晶粒中促进塑性变形;在5～20μm的小晶粒中,晶界滑动机制发挥了重要作用,它可以协调大尺寸晶粒的变形而对提高镁合金变形能力起有益的补充作用.     

AZ31镁合金二次变形研究

通过对AZ31镁合金铸棒在不同变形参数下进行一次变形和二次变形,并对其组织演变过程和力学性能进行分析讨论。结果表明,经过二次变形,可以显著细化合金的晶粒,其尺寸可由原100μm减少到3μm;二次变形后镁合金的抗拉强度可达390MPa,相对于原始铸态提高约一倍,且延伸率超过10%。     

累积叠轧焊AZ31镁合金微观组织和织构演变的EBSD研究

对AZ31镁合金热轧板在350℃进行了累积叠轧焊(ARB)变形,采用EBSD技术研究了AZ31镁合金的微观组织和织构演变.结果表明,ARB可以显著细化AZ31镁合金的晶粒组织,经过3道次变形后平均晶粒尺寸为2.18μm,后续的ARB变形使AZ31镁合金的微观组织更均匀,但晶粒不会再显著细化,说明存在临界ARB变形道次,使晶粒细化和晶粒长大之间达到动态平衡.AZ31镁合金在ARB变形过程中的晶粒细化机制为连续动态再结晶,尤其还观察到了旋转动态再结晶.动态再结晶的形变储存能来源于多道次累积的剧烈应变和沿厚度方向分布复杂的剪切变形.ARB变形过程中旋转动态再结晶和剪切变形使新晶粒c轴发生旋转,导致基面织构弱化.     

AZ31镁合金小直径薄壁管拉拔工艺及性能研究

实验研究了多道次拉拔过程中拉拔速度、拉拔变形量对AZ31镁合金小直径薄壁管材组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,温度为300℃、拉拔速度为0.30 mm·s-1时,管材壁厚减薄均匀,可以保证镁合金管材的拉拔顺利进行。多道次拉拔可以成功制备Φ4 mm×0.2 mm的AZ31镁合金小直径薄壁管材。且随着累计变形程度的增加,镁合金的晶粒显著细化,当累积变形量达到95.4%时,平均晶粒尺寸从开始的22μm减小到8μm左右。最终小直径薄壁镁合金管材的抗拉强度达到了247.3 MPa,相应的伸长率为16.8%。     

塑性变形对AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响研究

由于镁是密排六方结构,只有有限的滑移系,又缺乏有效的强化相,限制了镁合金的工程应用.本文通过不同温度下镁合金的塑性极限变形量来分析镁合金强度和塑性的影响因素.通过实验研究了塑性变形对AZ31合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,在350℃下镁合金的极限变形量可达到79%,在不同压缩变形下,变形量越大,晶粒越细,分布越均匀.变形量达到70%时,晶粒尺寸基本为2～3 μm.     

温变形对AZ31镁合金组织的影响

为了有效细化镁合金的晶粒 ,以提高其力学性能 ,通过对铸态AZ31进行等温压缩实验 ,并采用现代微观分析手段 ,研究变形参数对AZ31镁合金组织的影响。结果表明 :2 10℃变形可以显著地细化铸造AZ31合金的晶粒 ,其尺寸可由铸态的约 10 0 μm减少到 5 μm左右 ;同时证明温变形能明显提高镁合金的抗拉强度。     

变形、时效对AZ80镁合金组织性能的影响

研究了变形、时效对AZ80镁合金组织性能的影响.铸态AZ80镁合金经470℃×8h固溶处理,然后在400℃条件下进行不同变形量的热轧变形,变形后的部分镁合金进行170℃×16 h时效处理.结果表明,随着变形量的增加晶粒得到细化,当变形量达到80％时,晶粒尺寸由铸态的105 μ.m细化到3 μm,此时抗拉强度达到282.49 MPa;合金的伸长率先增加后减小,变形量为50％时伸长率达到最大,为24.21％;屈服强度先降低后增加.     

变质处理对MB2镁合金挤压变形前后组织与性能的影响

通过加入稀土及其他合金元素对MB2镁合金铸锭进行复合变质处理,随后在330℃下进行挤压成形,得到强度高、塑性变形性能优良的镁合金型材,并采用金相显微镜、图像分析系统及MTS-810材料测试系统等分析了变质元素对镁合金组织性能的影响.结果表明,变质处理可以使β-Mg17Al12相由原来的连续网状分布变为分散的粒状分布,并使铸态MB2镁合金的晶粒由原来的100～200μm细化到约15～35μm;挤压变形后变质的MB2镁合金晶粒进一步细化到5～10μm左右,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别由原来的247MPa和13%提高到312MPa和22%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。