部分预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区裂缝宽度试验研究

本文根据18根部分预应力钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区的受力性能试验研究结果,探讨了负弯矩区裂缝产生与发展的规律。试验表明,影响裂缝宽度的主要因素为负弯矩区综合力比Rp、剪力连接件间距p和钢梁与混凝土板的相对高度比hs/hc:Rp和hs/hc越小,裂缝宽度越大;p越小,裂缝宽度越小。根据试验结果,本文建立了部分预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区裂缝宽度的经验计算公式,形式上与现行的混凝土结构设计规范建议的受弯构件裂缝宽度计算公式统一。     

钢-ECC组合梁负弯矩区受弯性能试验研究

纤维增强水泥基复合材料（Engineered Cementitious Composite,ECC）具有高延展性以及受拉刚化特点,应用于组合梁桥的负弯矩区时可有效减少桥面板的受拉开裂。完成了2根钢-ECC组合梁和1根钢-混凝土组合梁对比构件在负弯矩作用下的静力加载试验,通过试验研究了不同配筋率的ECC对结构受力性能特别是抗裂性的影响。试验研究表明：在负弯矩作用下,钢-ECC组合梁的刚度较钢-混凝土组合梁明显提高|由于ECC翼板的抗拉作用导致截面中和轴上升,钢梁受压区增大,构件延性有所降低|钢-ECC组合梁可有效提高结构的开裂荷载并减小裂缝宽度,提高配筋率有利于进一步减少ECC翼板的裂缝宽度。提出了钢-ECC组合梁的承载力与开裂荷载的计算方法,提供了挠度分析的方法和裂缝宽度的基本模型。     

钢-砼组合梁竖向抗剪承载力研究

在6根钢-火山渣砼简支组合梁和6根钢-火山渣砼连续组合梁试验的基础上,探讨影响组合梁竖向抗剪承载力的主要因素:混凝土翼板、名义剪跨比和力比等。试验与计算结果表明,在计算组合梁竖向抗剪承载力时,如果不考虑混凝土翼板的作用,计算结果将趋于保守,对于连续组合梁还应该考虑弯矩比的影响。     

钢-砼组合梁竖向抗剪承载力研究

在6根钢-火山渣砼简支组合梁和6根钢-火山渣砼连续组合梁试验的基础上，探讨影响组合梁竖向抗剪承载力的主要因素：混凝土翼板、名义剪跨比和力比等。试验与计算结果表明，在计算组合梁竖向抗剪承载力时，如果不考虑混凝土翼板的作用，计算结果将趋于保守，对于连续组合粱还应该考虑弯矩比的影响。     

预应力钢纤维混凝土梁斜截面疲劳性能试验研究

根据10根预应力钢纤维混凝土梁疲劳荷载试验结果,分析了钢纤维体积率、长径比和疲劳循环特征、循环次数等因素对预应力钢纤维混凝土梁剪压区混凝土应变、箍筋应变、斜裂缝分布形态与开展宽度以及斜截面抗疲劳破坏性能的影响规律,提出了疲劳荷载作用下预应力钢纤维混凝土梁斜载面裂缝宽度和耐疲劳能力的验算方法.     

钢砼组合梁竖向抗剪承载力的试验研究

在６根钢－火山渣砼简支组合梁和６根钢－火山渣砼连续组合梁试验的基础上，探讨影响组合梁竖向抗剪承载力的主要因素：混凝土翼板、名义剪跨比和力比等．试验与计算结果表明，在计算组合梁竖向抗剪承载力时，如果不考虑混凝土翼板的作用计算结果将趋于保守，对于连续组合梁还应该考虑弯矩比的影响。     

超高性能混凝土翼板-窄幅钢箱组合梁双重组合作用试验与有限元分析北大核心CSCD

对于部分填充混凝土式窄幅钢箱连续组合梁裂缝控制问题,对3根混凝土翼板-部分充填混凝土式窄幅钢箱连续组合梁进行了静力加载试验。试验结果表明:组合梁负弯矩区承载性能得到明显改善,但翼板裂缝控制效果不明显。基于超高性能混凝土(UHPC)良好的裂缝控制能力提出将部分充填混凝土式窄幅钢箱连续组合梁翼板替换为UHPC翼板,形成UHPC翼板-部分充填混凝土式窄幅钢箱连续组合梁。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了5种组合梁的精细化模型,分析了组合梁全过程受力性能。结果表明,UHPC翼板-部分充填混凝土式窄幅钢箱组合梁的开裂弯矩与截面承载能力显著提高,各组合梁翼板与钢梁交界面间的滑移差距不大。考虑到经济因素,为提升组合梁负弯矩区截面的开裂弯矩,应适当增加UHPC的板长,减小板厚。     

钢-压型钢板混凝土组合梁裂缝的试验研究

为研究钢 混凝土组合梁在负弯矩作用下混凝土翼缘裂缝的发生和发展情况 ,对 8根钢 压型钢板混凝土组合梁进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,影响组合梁裂缝的因素比较复杂 ,需要采取有效的措施加以控制。同时 ,结合试验和理论分析 ,进一步完善了钢 混凝土组合梁混凝土翼缘最小配筋率、开裂弯矩和最大裂缝宽度的计算方法 ,计算结果与实测值吻合良好     

钢-混凝土组合梁在负弯矩作用下抗剪性能的试验研究

通过3根钢-混凝土组合梁在负弯矩作用下的试验,研究了其变形发展及破坏过程,得到了组合梁的跨中剪力-挠度曲线、交界面滑移曲线和沿截面高度分布的应变变化曲线,分析了剪切连接程度、截面尺寸、剪跨比、材料强度、钢筋配置等因素对组合梁承载力和延性的影响。对钢梁进行了塑性分析,得出在负弯矩作用下钢-混凝土组合梁抗剪承载力的提高不是由于钢梁腹板的硬化效应所致,而是由于混凝土翼板的贡献,并提出了考虑混凝土翼板影响的组合梁在负弯矩作用下抗剪承载力计算公式。将计算结果与实测结果进行了比较,二者吻合良好。     

预应力超高性能钢纤维混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

为了研究后张法预应力超高性能钢纤维混凝土梁的受弯性能,对6根梁试件进行了3分点对称加载试验研究。试件变化参数包括非预应力纵筋强度等级、配筋率、张拉控制应力及预应力度,获得了试件的开裂弯矩、极限弯矩、破坏形态以及裂缝开展情况。试验结果表明：HRB500级钢筋与UHPSFC适配良好,可以充分发挥二者的高强性能;张拉控制应力及预应力度增加,开裂弯矩增大;高性能钢纤维混凝土梁弯曲裂缝细而密,正常使用极限状态下最大裂缝宽度不大于0.15mm。通过引入抗裂影响系数对受拉区塑性影响系数进行修正后,开裂弯矩计算值与试验值吻合较好。根据简化的高性能钢纤维混凝土本构模型建立了高性能钢纤维混凝土梁的受弯承载力计算公式,其计算值与试验值吻合良好,可为高性能钢纤维混凝土梁理论分析和设计提供参考。     

Experimental and analytical study on fatigue behavior of composite truss joints

In order to fully understand the performance of composite joints in a truss bridge with double decks, fatigue tests of three composite joints with different connectors such as headed studs, concrete dowels and perforated plates under constant repeated loading were carried out, and the responses of displacement, strain distribution, crack development, relative slip between concrete and steel were observed after different loading cycles. The experimental results showed that the deflection increased almost linearly with applied load even after certain repeated loading cycles, but the stiffness reduced gradually with the repeated loading cycles. No serious damage occurred except tiny cracks at the steel–concrete interface caused by slip after 2 million repeated loading cycles, which means all three composite joints have good fatigue performance. Based on experimental works, three dimensional finite element models of composite joints were established. The results from finite element analysis were consistent with those from tests in terms of strength and stiffness. Finally, the fatigue details involving reinforcing bars, welding seams and shear connectors were evaluated according to related specifications. The presented overall investigation may provide reference for design and construction of composite joints in composite truss bridges.     

预应力混凝土结构在冻融循环条件下的疲劳性能研究

以预应力混凝土试件为研究对象,对不同冻融循环次数条件下的疲劳损伤特性进行分析。混凝土结构在经历一定冻融循环次数后,等效于先进行了一级疲劳加载,根据多级加载疲劳理论,以相对动弹性模量的衰减为参数建立多级疲劳损伤参量,引入冻融损伤因子kn来表征冻融损伤的影响,建立冻融循环条件下的混凝土结构疲劳损伤模型。该模型可考虑试件总体损伤程度。试验验证,模型计算损伤度值与试验值之间的误差在16%以内。     

C60混凝土高温后低周循环受压疲劳性能研究

为了研究高强混凝土所经温度高低、加温时间长短与低周受压疲劳损伤之间的关系,对经历200、500、800℃高温后的C60混凝土在低周循环受压荷载下的疲劳性能进行了试验研究。结果表明：高温后高强混凝土的色泽变浅,试块整体较疏松;经不同高温后高强混凝土在低周循环受压荷载下最大纵向总应变符合三阶段发展规律;相对于应力水平对高强混凝土疲劳应变的影响,高温历程对其影响更大,尤其是受热最高温度影响最为显著。根据应变发展的第二阶段提出了疲劳寿命的估算公式。分别定义疲劳变形模量比和相对残余应变为损伤变量,建立了经历不同高温后高强混凝土受压疲劳损伤模型,并根据疲劳变形模量比建立的损伤模型对高强混凝土的疲劳寿命进行了预测,预测值与实测值吻合良好。     

Experiment study on fatigue performance of perforated shear connectors

In order to investigate the fatigue behavior of perforated shear connection in steel-concrete composite bridges, 24 connection specimens with different geometric configurations were subjected to static and fatigue testing protocols. Using the design shear resistance of perforated shear connectors obtained from static push-out tests as a reference load level, numbers of fatigue cycles under different cyclic load levels were determined. Accumulated relative slip between steel and concrete components was used to characterize and track fatigue damage accumulation. The relationship between cycle numbers and accumulated relative slip between steel and concrete was established. Test results revealed that the fatigue damage of perforated shear connectors can be divided into three stages, and fatigue life of perforated shear connectors can be evaluated by the accumulated slip, which depends on the maximum shear stress and stress range.     

高强钢筋高强混凝土梁静力和疲劳性能试验研究

通过9根配有新Ⅲ级钢的高强混凝土梁和4根配有Ⅱ级钢的混凝土梁的静载和等幅疲劳荷载试验,分析研究了高 强混凝土梁的变形性能和疲劳特性。试验结果表明,在高强混凝土梁中应用高强钢筋,可以使两者的性能得以充分发挥, 不仅承载力大幅度提高,而且能较好的满足正常使用极限状态的要求。高强混凝土受弯构件在疲劳荷载作用下刚度降低, 裂缝宽度增大,其变化规律和受压区混凝土应变的增加规律基本一致。疲劳荷载作用N次后构件的裂缝宽度,可根据初 始裂缝宽度和受压区混凝土应变增长系数来计算。根据试验分析,得到了高强混凝土梁在疲劳荷载作用下的截面应力、裂 缝宽度及高强钢筋S-N曲线试验回归公式,可为高强混凝土梁设计提供一定的参考。     

预制T形肋底板混凝土叠合板弯曲疲劳性能试验研究

为研究T形肋对混凝土叠合板弯曲疲劳性能的影响,进行了预制T形肋底板混凝土叠合板和整浇板的弯曲疲劳性能对比试验。通过对比试验得到了不同疲劳循环加载次数下的跨中挠度、混凝土应变、预应力筋应变、残余变形等,研究了试件在疲劳循环荷载下的刚度退化情况、荷载 应变分布、裂缝分布及残余承载力等。结果表明：经历200万次疲劳作用后,预制T形肋底板混凝土叠合板无明显刚度和承载力退化,增设T形肋的叠合板能达到与整浇板相同的疲劳性能。基于试验结果,给出了预制T形肋底板混凝土叠合板正截面弯曲疲劳强度计算假定以及正截面弯曲疲劳应力验算方法。     

Experimental investigation on fatigue behavior of steel reinforced concrete composite beam-to-girder joints

Fatigue behavior and failure mechanism of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beam-to-girder joints is discussed in this paper, which is intended for use in high-speed railway station structures due to their high stiffness and load capacity. Three identical SRC beam-to-girder joint specimens were designed and tested under static loading and two stages of fatigue loading. In the first stage of fatigue loading, the specimens were subjected to design fatigue load for 2 million cycles, while during the second stage, the specimens were loaded to failure under increased fatigue loading amplitude in order to know its fatigue strength and failure mechanism. The constructional details of SRC beam-to-girder joint specimen and the method of loading and testing are presented. The comparison in structural behavior of the joint is made between under static and fatigue loading. Fatigue failure characteristics of the joint are described in detail. It is found that the SRC beam-to-girder joints remained in their elastic range and the concrete surface crack did not exceed 0.1 mm when subjected to design static loading and 2 million cycles of design fatigue loading. There was no significant difference in structural behavior of each component of SRC composite beam between static and fatigue loading. Fatigue failure occurred after these joints were applied higher-level fatigue loading for another 0.70 to 0.91 million cycles. Fatigue crack was initiated at the tension flange of I-shape steel of beam connected by welding to the flange of I-shape steel of girder or at the hole in tension flange of I-shape steel of beam, and then the crack propagated along flange width and web height of the I-shape steel in beam until the I-shape steel lost loading capacity due to lack of enough cross section. The fatigue behavior of constructional detail of the I-shape steel played a key role in the fatigue strength of the SRC beam-to-girder joints. Discussions on improving the fatigue strength of SRC beam-to-girder joints and future research aspects are presented finally.     

冻融荷载耦合作用下单裂隙岩体损伤模型研究

针对寒区节理岩体工程结构中的冻融受荷岩体,采用在类岩石材料中预制裂隙的方法模拟节理岩体,通过冻融循环试验和单轴压缩试验,分析裂隙岩样的几何特征(裂隙长度、裂隙倾角)对岩体强度的影响;基于细观损伤理论和宏观统计损伤模型,建立冻融受荷裂隙岩石损伤劣化模型,探讨裂隙岩体在冻融和荷载耦合作用下的损伤劣化机制。研究结果表明：(1) 岩石反复冻融引起的损伤是一个疲劳破坏的过程,受荷损伤是岩石类非均质材料各组成成分对力的传递速率以及自身变形差异性引起应力场不均匀分布的过程;(2) 冻融和受荷以不同的力学机制促使岩石中裂纹的萌生和扩展,由此诱发的损伤相互耦合,其耦合作用会使总损伤有所劣化;(3) 裂隙长度以及冻融循环次数对总损伤的影响较大,而裂隙倾角对总损伤的影响相对较小;(4) 相同的冻融循环次数下,裂隙岩样较完整岩样的损伤劣化程度严重。     

无粘结部分预应力高强混凝土梁裂缝宽度计算

通过２６根无粘结部分预应力高强混凝土梁,研究了影响裂缝宽度的主要因素。将无粘结部分预应力高强混凝土梁在使用荷载作用下的受力状态转化为偏心受压构件的受力状态,求解非预应力筋的应力,然后采用现有规范裂缝宽度计算公式来求无粘结部分预应力高强混凝土梁的裂缝宽度,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Schädigungsberechnung an einem Spannbetonschaft für eine Windenergieanlage unter mehrstufiger Ermüdung

Damage calculation at a prestressed concrete tower for a Wind Energy Converter subjected to multi‐stage fatigue loading The application of a linear damage accumulation law devised by Palmgren and Miner for dimensioning constructions of Wind Energy Converters could lead to very unsafe or uneconomical calculation results. The real high non‐linear fatigue behaviour of concrete is not considered sufficiently by a simplified linear damage model. Additionally effects of different orders of load cycles to the resulting fatigue life are not represented as well. Based on a mechanical damage model available in literature a proceeding is established to determine the stiffness and damage evolution in concrete under multi‐stage fatigue loading. This extended damage approach is associated with the elastic‐plastic material model for concrete providing in the FE‐Program ABAQUS and subsequently a numerical investigation at a prestressed concrete tower for a multi‐megawatt wind turbine is performed. The results of the numerical simulation indicate obviously the influence of the order of load cycles to the fatigue life and that due to alterations of stress distributions a significant lower fatigue damage state occurs compared with calculation results without stress alterations.