住宅用固体氧化物燃料电池热电联供系统的设计与分析

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)发电技术是一种能够直接将燃料中的化学能转化电能的绿色高效的新能源技术。将SOFC作为分布式能源的发电装置运用在家用热电联供系统,具有综合效率高、无污染、无噪声等优点。文章搭建了天然气重整制氢-SOFC热电联供系统,完成了基于SOFC的家用热电联供系统的设计与分析。文章根据用户夏冬季热电消耗数据,提出了一种以用户电消耗为核心的家用热电联供系统的运行方案,同时给出了蓄电池容量和水箱容积的推荐参数。与传统火力发电系统相比,采用天然气的SOFC热电联供系统更加节能。     

固体氧化物燃料电池电热冷联供总能系统的分析

提出了一个由固体氧化物燃料电池和吸收式制冷机组成的电热冷联供总能系统,应用MATLAB软件包对总能系统进行了模拟分析,得到了燃料电池的电流密度、燃料流量、输出功率等参数对总能系统的影响,为高温燃料电池电热冷联供总能系统的设计与优化提供参考依据。     

固体氧化物燃料电池与燃气轮机联合发电系统模拟研究

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种高效低污染的新型能源。建立了以天然气为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池和燃气轮机(GT)联合发电系统的计算模型,并对具体系统进行计算。结果表明：SOFC与GT组戍的联合发电系统,发电效率可达68％(LHV);加上利用的余热,整个系统的能量利用率可以超过80％。文中还分析了SOFC的工作压力、电流密度等参数对系统性能的影响,提高工作压力,可以增加电池发电量,提高系统的发电效率;而电流密度的增大将使SOFC及整个系统的发电量降低。     

管式固体氧化物燃料电池与微型燃气轮机复合系统模拟分析

利用Aspen Plus化工流程模拟软件,针对加压管式固体氧化物燃料电池与微型燃机复合系统的几种结构形式,建立了在加压条件下管式固体氧化物燃料电池与微型燃气轮机复合的系统模型,开展了复合系统的性能研究,并给出了对比结果.分析表明:通过复合系统的结构优化可以获得高达72%的发电效率,显示出复合系统在分布式发电系统中拥有诱人前景.     

燃气轮机热电联供系统运行经济性分析

通过从各个不同角度对燃气轮机热电联供系统运行数据的具体分析，比较系统运行的经济性，从而得出结论，指导系统的运行和管理。     

超市热电联供系统余热利用及热电冷联供系统研究

通过建立数学模型对热电冷联供系统在超市中应用的可行性进行了分析。利用该模型对系统的节能效果、投资回收期、发动机组容量、等效满负荷运行时间等特性参数进行了研究，并对不同控制方式对系统性能的影响进行了讨论，为超市热电冷联供系统的方案优化提供了依据。     

SOFC热电联供系统的设计方法研究

介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池建筑热电联供系统的各种结构流程,提出SOFC系统的设计路线,通过对SOFC系统的建模和模拟,开发出一种用于BCHP中燃料电池系统的设计方法,并利用该方法进行实例设计,结果表明:该方法可以针对用户的能源需求计算所需的燃料电池电堆的容量及系统辅助设备的容量,为电堆规模的确定、系统配套辅助设备的选型提供重要的参考依据,为SOFC在BCHP中的应用提供一个有力的系统设计工具.     

热电联供系统的效益分析

一、前言 热电联供或热电冷三联供是一种先进的供能系统,其特点是能提高一次能源利用率、实现能量分级利用,并能按用户不同的要求进行设备工况灵活组态,在计算机系统的支持下构成智能化的供能网络。因而近年来这类系统一直受到世界各国动力界的青睐并多次成为国际能源会议的中心议题之一。     

基于模糊PID控制的家用燃料电池热电联供系统建模与仿真

家用燃料电池热电联供技术,是燃料电池应用领域的一个具有广阔发展前景的研究方向.质子交换膜燃料电池在运行时消耗燃料中的化学能,同时除了将一部分化学能转化为电能外,其余部分的化学能则以热量的形式散失.如果对这部分热量不能进行合理有效地利用,那么将会导致系统的能源利用率降低,同时还会影响燃料电池的安全运行.因此在正常发电的前...     

固体氧化物燃料电池与燃汽轮机混合系统技术现状

固体氧化物燃料电池具有高能量密度、适用多种不同燃料、结构简单等优点,与燃气轮机结合后能达到近80%的能量利用效率,具有良好的市场前景.本文介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池与燃汽轮机混合系统的结构,应用现状,给出了未来发展的一些方向,并提出了固体氧化物燃料电池与燃气轮机混合系统发展需要解决的一些问题.     

燃料重整固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统性能分析及多变量参数优化

以燃料重整的固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统为研究对象,通过数值模拟方法对固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统的性能、(火用)损、(火用)效率以及多变量运行参数优化进行了分析。研究结果表明：重整反应中燃料利用系数、电池工作温度、水碳比、电堆电流密度等参数对系统性能影响显著;电堆工作在不同电流密度下都有其对应的最佳工作温度、最佳燃料利用系数工况点;水碳比会改变重整反应产氢量,从而影响电化学反应速率,空气加热器的(火用)损所占份额最大;优化后的系统效率及(火用)效率为0.480 9和0.462 6,效率提升约4%。     

新型平板式固体氧化物燃料电池的开发和性能分析

利用商业数值分析软件和试验获得的电池各部件材料性能数据,改进了用于分析固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)单电池内部复杂物理过程的软件包.应用该软件包,得到了设计的新型高效平板式SOFC单电池内部各气体组分浓度、温度、电势、电流及电流密度等参数的分布规律.分析结果表明:在高燃料利用率情况下,阳极内组分扩散引起的浓度极化损失是影响电池性能的重要因素之一.该新型结构电池可有效改善电池的密封性,但其电解质需要较高的最大离子传导率.     

基于固体氧化物燃料电池的高效清洁发电系统

  目的  固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）是一种尖端技术,可通过电化学反应将碳氢燃料中的化学能转化为电和热,具有燃料来源广、发电效率高、余热品质高、运行安静、排放低、可模块化安装等优点,是实现化石能源高效清洁利用的有效途径之一。  方法  文章阐释了SOFC发电原理,介绍了国内外SOFC技术和产业化现状,分析了基于SOFC的分布式热电联供、联合循环发电以及煤气化燃料电池发电技术（IGFC）新一代发电系统应用场景。  结果  通过燃料电池发电技术路线和产业化现状研究,浅析了目前存在的问题,并结合我国资源禀赋和对高效清洁发电装置的市场需求,对该领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。  结论  对比国内外在SOFC领域的技术差距,基于国内在SOFC电堆核心材料方面的优势,加大对SOFC系统集成技术攻关,为新一代以高温燃料电池为核心的清洁高效发电产业奠定基础。     

管式固体氧化物燃料电池的数值模拟

通过耦合速度场、温度场、电势场和组分浓度场，建立了以纯氢气为燃料的管式固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）数学模型，并对西门子．西屋公司阴极支撑型（AES）管式SOFC进行了轴向二维模拟。模拟结果表明，组分浓度和电流密度的分布与SOFC的运行工况密切相关。在所模拟的电压范围内，欧姆极化起主要作用，提高固体氧化物燃料电池的平均工作温度、改善多孔电极的微观结构、使用纯氧代替空气作为氧化剂可改善电池性能。图8参10     

平板状固体氧化物燃料电池的数值模拟

利用流体力学计算软件FLUENT建立平板状固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）三维数值模型，研究在不同操作条件和支撑形式下，活化极化、欧姆极化、浓度极化对SOFC性能的影响。在多孔电极中的气体流动符合达西定律的前提下，为满足不同的多孔电极设计，综合考虑了摩尔扩散和Knudsen扩散。另外还考虑了电池电化学反应热对欧姆极化的影响。分析结果表明，阴极和阳极支撑固体氧化物燃料电池具有较低的操作温度和较好的输出特性。     

Control of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Plant in a Grid-Connected System

The fastest and yet most prudent ways of changing the output power level of a solid oxide fuel cell power plant connected to the ac-grid are explored. The operating state of the fuel cell power plant is examined in term of the concept of feasible operating area of a cell. The utilization factor of the cell stack is maintained constant in steady-state by feeding natural gas to the fuel processor at a rate proportional to the current drawn from the stack. The fluctuations of the utilization factor in the transient state due to a change in operating power level can be constrained to the allowable range by strategically controlling the current drawn by the power conditioning unit. Based on measured variables and dynamic characteristics of the fuel processor, four strategies of controlling current are compared to arrive at the strategy that results in minimum transient time for a given power change. The proposed control schemes are verified through computer simulations.     

Simulation and exergy analysis of a hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)–Gas Turbine System

The simulation and exergy analysis of a hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell–Gas Turbine (SOFC–GT) power system are discussed in this paper. In the SOFC reactor model, it is assumed that only hydrogen participates in the electrochemical reaction and that the high temperature of the stack pushes the internal steam reforming reaction to completion; the unreacted gases are assumed to be fully oxidized in the combustor downstream of the SOFC stack. Compressors and GTs are modeled on the basis of their isentropic efficiency. As regards the heat exchangers and the heat recovery steam generator, all characterized by a tube-in-tube counterflow arrangement, the simulation is carried out using the thermal efficiency-NTU approach. Energy and exergy balances are performed not only for the whole plant but also for each component in order to evaluate the distribution of irreversibility and thermodynamic inefficiencies. Simulations are performed for different values of operating pressure, fuel utilization factor, fuel-to-air and steam-to-fuel ratios and current density. Results showed that, for a 1.5 MW system, an electrical efficiency close to 60% can be achieved using appropriate values of the most important design variables; in particular, the operating pressure and cell current density. When heat loss recovery is also taken into account, a global efficiency of about 70% is achieved.     

Evaluation of fuel diversity in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell system

Operability of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) on numerous fuels has been widely counted as a leading advantage in literature. In a designed system, however, switching from a fuel to another is not practically a straightforward task as this causes several system performance issues in both dynamic and steady-state modes. In order to demonstrate the system fuel diversity capabilities, these consequences must be well-evaluated by quantifying the characteristic measures for numerous fuel cases and also potential combinations. From this viewpoint, the numerical predictive models play a critical role. This paper aims to investigate the performance of a SOFC system fed by various fuels using a demonstrated system level model. Process configuration and streams results of a real-life SOFC system rig published in literature are used to validate the model. The presented model is capable not only of capturing the system performance measures but also the SOFC internal variable distributions, allowing the multiscale study of fuel switching scenarios. The fuel change impacts on the system are simulated by considering various fuel sources, i.e., natural gas, biogas, and syngas. Moreover, applications of simulated fuel mixtures are assessed. The modelling results show significant concerns about fuel switching in a system in terms of variation of efficiencies, stack internal temperature and current density homogeneity, and environmental issues. Moreover, the results reveal opportunities for multi-fuel design to address the operation and application requirements such as optimisation of the anode off-gas recycling rate and the thermal-to-electrical ratio as well as the system specific greenhouse gases, i.e., g-CO_x/Wh release.     

Thermodynamic Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Combined Cooling,Heating, and Power System Integrated with Solar-Assisted Electrolytic Cell

Syngas fuel such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide generated by solar energy is a promising method to use solar energy and overcome its fluctuation effectively. This study proposes a combined cooling, heating, and power system using the reversible solid oxide fuel cell assisted by solar energy to produce solar fuel and then supply energy products for users during the period without solar radiation. The system runs a solar-assisted solid oxide electrolysis cell mode and a solid oxide fuel cell mode...     

Air side contamination in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell stack testing

This work aimed to quantify air side contaminants during Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) testing in stack configuration. Post-analyses of a long-term test have shown that performance degradation was mainly due to cathode pollutants originated upstream of the cell, therefore their source identification is crucial. The compressed air system, feeding the airflow to the cathode, was investigated by filtering and subsequent chemical analysis of the filters. Hot-air-sampling was redone in situ at the cathode air entry during a new test run to assess the contaminant concentrations in air in SOFC test conditions. In addition, the behavior of SOFC proximal system components, i.e. alloy oxidation, was characterized separately.Besides the investigation of silicon and sulfur contamination, the present work focused on chromium from high-temperature alloys used in Balance-of-Plant (BoP) components in direct contact with the airflow. Concentrations of volatile Cr-species under SOFC testing conditions were compared to Cr-accumulation on the tested cell as well as to Cr-evaporation rates from BoP alloys, which were individually characterized regarding oxidation behavior. Evaporated Cr quantities were found to saturate the air with Cr-vapors at the cathode air-inlet, as confirmed by the in-situ measurement of volatile species in the hot airflow, and correlate well to accumulated Cr in the cell after long term testing.The results of this study suggest guidelines to reduce air side contamination from exogenous sources in SOFC stacks.