高精度表面粗糙度图像识别系统的研制

本文研究的是一套通过干涉显微镜成像,利用CCD相机提取干涉条纹进行图像识别和处理,实现高精度工件表面粗糙度快速、非接触、自动化的检测系统。该系统在干涉显微镜的结构基础上,安装了CCD相机,将干涉图像采集到计算机中,然后对采集到的图像进行滤波、判别、二值化处理、提取边缘轮廓,并按照GB/T 1031-2009《产品几何技术规范(GPS)表面结构轮廓法表面粗糙度参数及其数值》的要求进行计算,得到被测工件的表面粗糙度。经实验验证,该检测系统满足Ra值(0.01~0.1)μm和Rz值(0.1~1.0)μm测量要求,适用于高精度工件的表面粗糙度测量。     

用于超光滑表面无损检测的光学轮廓仪

所述的光学轮廓仪是利用双焦透镜产生的偏振光束经被检面反射后形成了一共路干涉体系，因此该干涉体系可对超光滑表面做非接触无损检测而无需标准参考面；同时，利用双通道电子共模抑制技术可有效地抑制系统的各类噪声；计算机控制测量，即时给出表面粗糙度参数，测量结果与计量用ＷＹＫＯ轮廓仪比对，结果吻合。仪器特别适合于均方程极值Ｒｑ为纳米及亚纳米量级的表面的测试，尤其是软质金属材料及膜层表面。其横向分辨率为１μｍ，纵向分辨率为０．１ｎｍ。     

激光非接触式表面粗糙度兼位移测量研究

本文采用先进的光纤光学及图像处理技术 ,对激光作用于工件表面的反射光能分布进行研究 ,探讨表面粗糙度与散射光能分布的关系 ,并研制了测试装置 ,通过该测试装置的实验结果表明 ,该装置能实现表面粗糙度及位移的非接触测量。     

多功能图像法轮廓自动瞄准技术的研究

本文介绍通过电荷耦合器件（ＣＣＤ）和计算机图像处理技术实现对轮廓的自动瞄准和对小尺寸试件直接测量。该技术对直线轮廓的瞄准精度达到０．２５μｍ；对刻线的瞄准精度达到０．０６９μｍ。     

新型超光滑表面粗糙度测量系统

本文介绍了一种新型的测量超光滑表面粗糙度的共光路偏振干涉系统。该系统以双折射透镜作为分光元件;采用偏振干涉方法和偏振接收方法对被测光学表面高度变化,实现高灵敏度、非接触探测,垂直分辨率为0.1nm。给出了系统结构,叙述了测量原理。     

白光相移干涉中频谱对测量精度的影响

在相移干涉中有时采用白光干涉来扩大深度测量范围,白光光源的使用,缩短了光束的相干长度,降低了测量精度。本文从干涉理论出发推导了白光相移干涉法测量三维表面形貌的计算公式,通过数值积分的方法分析了干涉光频谱对测量精度的影响。分析表明,在白光相移干涉测量中表面形貌的测量精度与中心波长和频谱宽度有关,白光频谱越宽,测量精度越低,中心波长越大,测量精度越高。     

利用白光扫描干涉测量表面微观形貌

由于激光显微干涉只能测量表面微观形貌的相对高度值,不能进行绝对测量,本文提出了白光显微干涉测量方法,研制了测量仪器,并对CCD像素格值和PZT进行了标定.该仪器以白光干涉理论为基础,利用空间频域算法计算白光干涉图零级条纹中心位置,根据零级条纹中心移动量来得到被测工件表面微观形貌.对被测工件表面进行了测试,试验结果表明:...     

三维表面轮廓的白光干涉垂直扫描测量方法的研究

基于白光干涉垂直扫描轮廓测量原理,研制出一种以6JA干涉显微镜为基础,配合自带计量衍射光栅测量系统的精密垂直位移工作台,从而实现大范围、高精度三维表面轮廓测量的方法.实验结果表明,采用白光干涉垂直扫描轮廓测量方法,可满足测量解析度及精度达到纳米等级的同时,其垂直测量范围可达80μm的三维表面轮廓测量要求.     

精密测量用光电传感器集成化研究

描述将散射法、三角法、干涉法三种不同工作原理的光电传感器功能集成为一个新的传感器,即一个具有同一光源、共用光路和同一光电信号接收器件的传感器。它可同时测量Ｒａ＝０．００２５μｍ￣５μｍ范围内的表面粗糙度、表面微观形貌,以及０￣３００μｍ的微小位移。测量精度与采用前述三种工作原理的单个传感器相近。     

高精度大长径比圆柱轴孔内外径测量系统研制

介绍一种非接触式测量大长径比精密圆柱轴孔内外径的方法,该方法基于移相干涉测量技术,研制的高精度内径及外径测量系统以一等量块作为标准,采用白光干涉定位、激光干涉测长与移相干涉技术相结合,实现精密圆柱件长轴外径及深孔内径的高精度非接触自动测量。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.