胶原蛋白的研究进展

介绍了胶原蛋白和胶原蛋白肽的概念、具体成分及其结构,综述了胶原蛋白提取的原料来源,比较了酶提取法、酸提取法、热水提取法、碱提取法、盐法提取法5种胶原蛋白提取方法的提取率,简述了分光光度法、离子色谱法、高效液相色谱法、氨基酸分析仪测定法、液质法、毛细管电泳法和十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析等检测方法的研究现状,阐述了胶原蛋白在医学、美容、食品等方面的国内外应用以及行业中存在的一些问题。     

蛇皮胶原蛋白的提取工艺及优化

以蛇皮为原料,以胶原蛋白提取率为指标,采用高温酸法提取胶原蛋白。研究了有机酸种类及柠檬酸浓度、提取温度、浸提时间和固液比5个因素对蛇皮胶原蛋白提取率的影响。以单因素试验为基础,通过正交试验优化了蛇皮胶原蛋白的提取工艺。确定酸法提取蛇皮中胶原蛋白的较佳工艺为:以1 mol/L的柠檬酸作为浸提剂,采用1∶60(g∶m L)的固液比,在110℃下提取3 h,此时提取率较高,为87.01%。     

化妆品新原料金目鲷鱼胶原蛋白的开发和特性

长期以来用作化妆品原料的胶原蛋白主要是从牛类动物组织中提取的。可近年来世界上许多国家发生了疯牛病（Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy，BSE），使人们开始远离以牛组织成分为原料的化妆品。金目鲷鱼胶原蛋白是一种从金目鲷鱼中提取的可溶性胶原蛋白。这种蛋白具有较高的细胞黏结性、高保湿性及良好的感官性能，无臭透明，不产生刺激性，且没有发现含有多氯联苯（PCB），因此金目鲷鱼胶原蛋白是一种极为安全的化妆品新原料。     

Yb（OTF）3催化2，4-二氨基甲苯与碳酸二甲酯甲氧羰基化合成2，4-甲苯二氨基甲酸甲酯

2，4-甲苯二氨基甲酸甲酯（TDC）是合成甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）的中间体，TDI是一种重要的有机化工原料，广泛用于聚氨酯（PU）、泡沫涂料。黏合剂和弹性体的合成。传统上合成TDI专方法是光气法，此工艺存在多种缺陷，如光气剧毒且易燃，副产物盐酸有腐蚀性，     

海蜇胶原蛋白保湿霜的研制

海蜇是一种大型浮游类生物,在营口海域有着广泛的资源分布,具有很高的经济价值、医药价值和美容价值。本文以营口丰富的鲜海蜇为原料,采用超声辅助酸法提取工艺,研究了酸浓度、提取温度、提取时间等因素对海蜇胶原蛋白提取率的影响。将其作为保湿剂的主要原料制作新型保湿霜,通过干燥器法、人体皮肤实验来检测保湿霜的功效。实验结果表明,所提取的海蜇胶原蛋白酸碱稳定性和热稳定性好,具有优良的保湿功效,能够作为保湿剂添加到化妆品中。     

酸酶结合法提取牛皮胶原蛋白的工艺研究

以新鲜牛皮为原料,分析了牛皮的基本组成;采用胃蛋白酶提取牛皮胶原蛋白,研究了提取过程中加酶量、提取温度、提取时间和料液比对胶原蛋白提取率的影响,得到酸酶结合法提取牛皮中胶原蛋白的最佳工艺条件为：以0.5 mol／L乙酸作为提取剂,料液比为1：30,胃蛋白酶加入量3 000 U／g牛皮,提取温度35℃,提取时间为8 h,在此条件下得胶原蛋白的提取率为61.7％。提取的胶原蛋白经过初步纯化后进行紫外扫描,测得其最大紫外吸收波长为232nm,与sigma标准Ⅰ型胶原蛋白一致。     

活性胶原蛋白提取与表征方法研究进展

胶原蛋白由于其丰富性和可用性已成为最具前途的绿色可再生功能材料,从动物组织中提取具有完整螺旋结构和生物活性的胶原蛋白是制备胶原蛋白功能材料的首要任务。介绍了提取活性胶原蛋白的来源和提取方法,分析了酸提法和酶提法的研究现状;指出了两种提取方法的提取原理和提取特点;总结了分析表征胶原蛋白分子量、氨基酸序列、结构、物理性能、自组装性能的最新方法;指出了活性胶原蛋白提取表征今后的研究方向。结果表明活性胶原蛋白作为清洁化可再生材料具有广阔的应用前景。     

活性胶原蛋白提取与表征方法研究进展

胶原蛋白由于其丰富性和可用性已成为最具前途的绿色可再生功能材料,从动物组织中提取具有完整螺旋结构和生物活性的胶原蛋白是制备胶原蛋白功能材料的首要任务。介绍了提取活性胶原蛋白的来源和提取方法,分析了酸提法和酶提法的研究现状;指出了两种提取方法的提取原理和提取特点;总结了分析表征胶原蛋白分子量、氨基酸序列、结构、物理性能、自组装性能的最新方法;指出了活性胶原蛋白提取表征今后的研究方向。结果表明活性胶原蛋白作为清洁化可再生材料具有广阔的应用前景。     

挤出反应配混制备生物聚酯

美国Procter and Gamble（P＆G）公司用植物或动物脂加工副产物甘油（丙三醇）和有机多酸（如柠檬酸）制备得到被称之为以生物资源为原料的聚酯（简称生物聚酯）。众所周知,100多年来上述原料都是用于制备油漆和涂料。     

长春花红色素提取及稳定性研究

研究了长春花红色素的提取条件和稳定性。以乙醇作提取剂提取长春花红色素,比较了pH值、温度、食品添加剂、氧化剂和还原剂、金属离子以及光照对长春花红色素稳定性的影响。结果表明：最佳提取工艺条件是以pH=3的65％乙醇溶液为提取液,原料与乙醇的质量与体积比为1：250,室温下浸提24h;食品添加剂（淀粉）、还原剂（抗坏血酸）、金属离子、光照对长春花红色素稳定性有较大影响。     

基于胶原纤维的吸附分离材料研究进展

家畜动物的皮主要被用于生产皮革,构成动物皮的主要成分是胶原纤维,它是一种天然高分子材料,具有独特的物理化学性质。近年来人们利用胶原纤维研究制备了多种功能材料。本文系统地介绍了将胶原纤维用于制备天然产物、重金属离子、无机阴离子、蛋白质和微生物的吸附分离材料方面的研究工作以及这些吸附分离材料的应用原理和应用性能,为环境保护、天然产物纯化、蛋白质分离等领域提供了可借鉴的技术手段。同时,这些研究工作表明,资源丰富的皮胶原纤维不仅是某些传统产业的加工原料,也是创制先进功能材料的基础物质,胶原纤维的开发利用有值得想象的广阔空间。     

水生植物生产单细胞蛋白饲料的可行性分析

在河涌污染治理过程中会产生大量的水生植物,通过微生物培养将这些水生植物转化为富含单细胞蛋白（菌体蛋白）的动物饲料,就能变废为宝,在消除环境污染的同时提高资源的利用效率。有机废弃物生产单细胞蛋白技术受原料、菌种和生产工艺等三方面因素的影响。在综述该技术研究和应用成果的基础上,从三个方面分析了水生植物生产单细胞蛋白饲料的可行性。     

Food powders engineering, between knowhow and science: Constraints, stakes and opportunities

Food powders are presented and discussed according to food sciences specificities and according to powder engineering concepts. Food powders are very present in everyday life. They are generally obtained from agricultural raw materials by different processes such as fragmentation or spray-drying processes. Amongst the food products, the food powders are easy to preserve, transport, store, weight and process. They are used to bring specific functionalities (e.g. physicochemical stability, microbiological stability, organoleptic qualities and nutritional composition). As well as food products, food powders are complex systems that can be defined by a great dispersion in their properties caused by: (i) the complexity of the chemical composition of the agricultural raw materials; (ii) the heterogeneity of the native structures of the product; (iii) the reactivity under high temperature or water addition; (iv) the variability of the agricultural raw materials behavior. Food companies, equipment suppliers, and scientists became aware of the relevance of a global approach by integrating the food powders engineering approach (particles properties, powder reactivity, and powder processing) to the classical food sciences concepts. The aim of this article is to highlight the stakes and opportunities concerning food powder processing and particles properties.     

Microwave assisted water extraction of plant compounds

The development of environmentally friendly processes with limited generation of polluting streams to attain sustainable utilization of raw materials is encouraged. The implementation of novel extraction technologies more efficient, selective and with lower energy consumption than conventional ones, can help in achieving this objective. Particularly promising are aqueous based methods, since water is a cheap, safe and abundant solvent and the limited use of toxic organic solvents is a consumer's, ecological and processing demand. The benefits and the limiting aspects of microwave assisted water extraction, either adding water as the only solvent or in solvent free processes, using the naturally present water in vegetal materials for the extraction of valuable components from renewable vegetal sources are highlighted and the potential of this technique for industrial applications is discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

提钒技术研究进展

综述了1980-2015年期间钒矿、含钒磷铁、废钒催化剂、钢渣和石煤等常见提钒原料之提钒技术的研究进展,对目前较具代表性的提钒工艺技术进行了较系统地分析总结,将这些提钒工艺技术归结为冶金工艺、焙烧工艺、湿法提钒、其他新型工艺四大类进行分类阐述;对各类提钒工艺技术进行了举例说明,对其基本过程进行了概述,并对其优缺点进行了较客观的分析和评述。在此基础上,发现和指出了长期以来我国提钒工艺过程中普遍存在的主要问题:首先,钒资源提钒的工艺技术水平仍然较低,废弃物较多,环境污染较严重;其次伴生矿或元素利用较低,钒资源综合利用程度较低。最后,指出了提钒技术的发展趋势:在强调环境保护的背景下,乞待开发新的环境污染较少、钒资源综合利用程度较高的提钒工艺。     

Recirculation and Regeneration of Molybdenum-Containing Ultradispersed Catalysts in the Hydroconversion Processes of Carbon-Containing Raw Materials: A Review

It was shown that hydroconversion processes with the use of ultradispersed molybdenum-containing catalysts are promising lines in the production of motor fuels from different forms of organic raw materials. Molybdenum disulfide is the catalytically active form regardless of the method of introduction and the composition of precursors used. This fact makes it possible to develop the general principles of the extraction of molybdenum compounds from the residues of the hydroconversion of organic raw materials. The known data on methods used for the extraction and regeneration of Mo-containing compounds in the hydrotreating of heavy charges and from molybdenite-containing minerals were generalized.     

Soy protein ingredients prepared by new processes—Aqueous processing and industrial membrane isolation

The production of food ingredients from undefatted soybeans by aqueous processing and isolation of protein from soy flour by ultrafiltration membranes has been demonstrated adequately during the past decade. These relatively new techniques offer significant advantages over conventional soy processing methods. Aqueous processing requires no petroleum-based solvent and consequently provides increased safety and flexibility of operation (because start-up and shutdown are safe and easy). It also provides opportunities for removal or deactivation of undesirable constituents of raw materials with appropriate water-soluble chemicals. It is, however, less efficient in oil extraction, and demulsification is required to recover clear oil when emulsions form. Ultrafiltration processes recover protein directly from soy flour extracts and thereby avoid generation of the whey which results from the conventional isoelectric precipitation. These processes have the advantages of increased isolate yield (as whey proteins are recovered in the isolate), and produce products having enhanced functionality and nitrogen solubility. The two processing techniques have subsequently been combined to obtain a single procedure with the advantages of each. Extracts from undefatted soybeans have been membrane processed with and without separating the oil to produce a variety of new soy protein ingredients.     

Untersuchungen zur Extraktion ölhaltiger Rohstoffe I Theoretisches Modell eines Gegenstrom-Extrakteurs

Investigations of the Extraction of Oil Containing Raw Materials I: The Theoretical Model of a Countercurrent Extractor Pressing and extraction of oil containing raw materials belong to the processes of fat technology with high demands on energy. To obtain the fats from raw materials of high oil content seems to be an interesting solution from this point of view. For an objective valuation of the trials or a semi technical solution it is necessary to explain the countercurrent extraction mathematically. In the present work a model is suggested basing on the balance equation in the final form log (1-E) = -0.4343 B.t, where constant B characterizes single variable dimensions.     

Effects of processing on the functional properties of canola/rapeseed protein

Canola rapeseed is a major oilseed in Canada, Europe and Japan. Recently, Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status was granted to low erucic acid rapeseed oil for use in the U.S. market. Commercial oil extraction of the seed results in a meal that contains 44% protein and which has been subjected to considerable heat. The meal is presently utilized as livestock feed supplement. A number of processes for the preparation of protein concentrates and isolates from canola/rapeseeds and meal have been proposed, although none have proven commercially viable. In addition to protein concentration, a successful process must reduce the levels of glucosinolates, phenolics, phytates and fiber. These antinutrients present a barrier to the use of canola/rapeseed protein materials in foods. Processes to produce protein concentrates have included water extraction of undesirable compounds from heat denatured, dehulled seed followed by solvent extraction for oil recovery and the isopropanol washing of dehulled, defatted flours. Isolates have been prepared by traditional alkaline extraction, and by acid or water extractions followed by isoelectric, heat or polyelectrolyte precipitation of the protein. Isolates have been chemically and enzymatically modified to improve fooduse properties. In this paper, the effects of various processing methods on the functional properties of solubility, color and flavor of canola protein products are reviewed. Presented at the 78th American Oil Chemists' Society Annual Meeting, May 17–21, 1987, New Orleans, LA.     

水产胶原蛋白及其生物活性肽的研究和应用

介绍了胶原蛋白的基本理化特性、制备方法和利用途径,阐述了水产胶原蛋白和陆生哺乳动物胶原蛋白的区别,列举了水产胶原蛋白、胶原蛋白肽制备的基本方法和其生物活性,指出水产胶原蛋白和胶原蛋白肽有着广阔的利用前景。